Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract This study explored nursing faculty perspectives on the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in student assessments at a regional university. A qualitative descriptive design was used, with interviews conducted among twelve faculty members who had recently graded student assessments. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings identified mixed views toward GenAI, highlighting both benefits and concerns. While GenAI was seen as supporting language use and accessibility, participants reported challenges including increased workload, reduced originality, weakened critical thinking, and threats to academic integrity. Faculty also expressed uncertainty about detecting GenAI use and emphasized the need for clearer policies and guidance. The study concludes that GenAI presents both opportunities and risks in nursing education. Effective regulation, faculty support, and student education on ethical and critical use of GenAI are essential to maintain assessment quality and ensure patient safety.

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 Keywords

Generative artificial intelligence, Nursing education, Student assessment, Academic integrity, Faculty perceptions, Ethics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In digital image restoration, one of the key tasks is the removal of Salt & Pepper noise. While traditional filters are commonly used, they often fail to preserve image sharpness under high-density noise conditions. This research presents a comparative analysis of an Adaptive Nonlinear Hybrid Filter and conventional filters, such as Median, Adaptive Median, and Mean filters. To evaluate performance, multiple experiments were conducted on color images with varying levels of Salt & Pepper noise. Quantitative assessment using PSNR, MSE, and SSIM metrics demonstrates that the proposed hybrid filter achieves improved accuracy in noise elimination while effectively preserving edges. These observations indicate that the Adaptive Nonlinear Hybrid Filter is more efficient and robust compared to traditional filtering approaches for restoring digital color images.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Salt and Pepper Noise, Image Restoration, Median and Adaptive Median Filters, Nonlinear Hybrid Filter, Edge Preservation,Image Quality Metrics (PSNR, MSE, SSIM).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The marketing mix plays a crucial role in shaping a brand's market position and customer perception in a competitive industry. This study examines the marketing mix (4Ps) of Starbucks Corporation with special emphasis on its product and promotion strategies. The research aims to understand consumer awareness, product preferences, and satisfaction levels related to Starbucks' offerings. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 105 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis and chi-square test were used as statistical tools for data analysis. The findings reveal that most consumers are aware of Starbucks' product quality and show a strong preference for hot beverages. Overall satisfaction with product quality is high, and a significant relationship exists between gender and satisfaction levels. The study highlights that Starbucks' focus on quality, customization, and innovation contributes significantly to its brand strength. The research concludes that continuous innovation, effective promotional strategies, and ethical business practices are essential for sustaining competitive advantage in the global coffee market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Marketing Mix, Product Strategy, Promotion Strategy, Consumer Awareness, Brand Positioning, Competitive Advantage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The demographic transition in India has reached a critical juncture, with the elderly population projected to comprise nearly 12.4% of the total population by 2026. This rapid graying, coupled with the erosion of traditional joint family structures, has rendered a significant portion of the "silver population" vulnerable to neglect, financial exploitation, and physical abuse. This study examines the socio-legal dimensions of elderly protection in India, analyzing the effectiveness of existing legislative frameworks, primarily the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWPSC) Act, 2007, and its proposed amendments in 2025. By evaluating the regulatory response through a socio-legal lens, this research highlights the persistent gap between statutory intent and infrastructural reality, advocating for a shift from a reactive, litigation-based system to a proactive, "Shared Responsibility Model" that guarantees the Right to Age with Dignity.

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 Keywords

Demographic transition; Rapid graying; Joint family structures;Silver population; Vulnerable

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 Abstract

Background: Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) is a classical Ayurvedic drug used mainly for bleeding disorders, wound healing and gynecological conditions. Modern pharmacology has investigated its phytochemistry and diverse bioactivities. Objective: To critically review classical references, pharmaceutical preparations (Bhaishajya Kalpana), phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical evidence and safety of Lodhra, and to identify research gaps and future directions. Methods: A structured literature search of PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar and Ayurvedic classical texts (Sushruta, Charaka, Bhaishajya Ratnavali) was performed (see Methods). Studies on phytochemistry, in vitro/in vivo pharmacology, clinical trials, formulations and toxicity were included. Results: Phytochemical investigations reveal tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic glycosides. Experimental studies report antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, wound-healing and uterine-modulatory effects. Clinical reports (small trials and classical formulations) indicate benefit in menorrhagia and wound management, with acceptable biosafety at therapeutic doses in animal studies. However, high-quality randomized clinical trials and systematic standardization of Bhaishajya Kalpana are limited. Conclusion: Lodhra shows promising therapeutic potential congruent with classical uses; rigorous clinical trials and standardized pharmaceutical processing (quality control, dose-finding, stability, safety) are needed to support broader clinical adoption.

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 Keywords

Lodhra, Symplocos racemosa, Bhaishajya Kalpana, hemostatic, wound healing, phytochemistry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Facial nerve palsy causes facial asymmetry, impaired voluntary movements which lead to significant facial motor dysfunction and psychosocial distress. Rehabilitation strategies have traditionally relied on mirror therapy using physical mirrors which provide visual feedback to facilitate motor relearning. Recent advancements like Mirror Book Therapy have emerged as neuroplasticity driven approach enhancing therapy effectiveness and accessibility promoting facial function recovery. Aims and Objectives: The review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Mirror Book Therapy on facial symmetry in patients with peripheral facial palsy including traditional mirror book and digital mirroring approaches. Materials and methods: The literature was searched for relevant randomised control trials in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate databases using keywords 'mirror book therapy', 'mirror visual feedback', 'peripheral facial palsy' and 'facial symmetry'. The studies from inception to December 2025 were searched. Thirty-two studies were retrieved, out of which six were included in the final review.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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mirror book therapy, mirror visual feedback, peripheral facial palsy and facial symmetry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a major issue for the commuters in all the cities. The delay of respective light is hardcoded in the traffic light and it is not dependent on traffic. This creates unnecessary waiting for drivers, which could not be endurable in every case, as being in time, is important to everyone. Density, speed, and flow are the three critical parameters for road traffic analysis. As the number of road Users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, the control of traffic has become a very important issue in the present. Also, one of the major problems faced by heavy traffic is by Ambulances. The aim of this project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world. The traffic density is controlled using a microcontroller. This the system contains IR transmitter and IR receiver which are mounted on either side of roads respectively. The IR system gets activated whenever any vehicle passes on the road between IR transmitter and IR receiver. The objective for usage of IR sensor is to detect obstacles. The microcontroller controls the IR system and counts a number of vehicles passing on the road. The microcontroller also stores vehicles count in its memory. Based on different vehicles count, the microcontroller takes a decision and updates the traffic light delays as a result. By measuring the traffic lined up on a particular road the signal timings are adjusted to let that particular way clear out and then the next populated one. It also consists of an emergency override that allows traffic authorities to remotely let go a particular signal in case an ambulance or important vehicle arrives on that way.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Traffic, IoT, Emergency Vehicle (Ambulance), Autonomous Management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the present scenario, shopping in supermarkets and shopping malls has become a routine activity in everyday life. However, the traditional shopping system still follows a manual billing process which creates several difficulties for customers. Customers are required to select products, place them in a trolley, and finally wait in long queues at the billing counter for scanning, billing, and payment. This process is time consuming and causes inconvenience, especially during weekends and festival seasons. In addition, customers often find it difficult to keep track of their total expenditure while shopping, which may lead to budget mismanagement. To overcome these limitations, a Smart Shopping Trolley based on RFID technology is proposed. The main objective of this system is to automate the billing process and provide a smooth, efficient, and user-friendly shopping experience. When a customer places a product into the trolley, the RFID reader automatically scans the RFID tag without requiring line-of- sight. The scanned data is processed by the microcontroller, which retrieves the product details such as product name and price from its internal memory. These details are immediately displayed on the LCD screen mounted on the trolley. The final bill information, including product details and total cost, is stored in the microcontroller memory and wirelessly transmitted to the central billing system using ZigBee technology. This wireless data transfer eliminates the need for manual scanning at the billing counter and significantly reduces waiting time. As a result, customers can complete their shopping and payment process much faster compared to the conventional system. The proposed smart shopping trolley system not only reduces human effort and billing time but also improves accuracy and transparency in the shopping process. It helps customers manage their budget effectively and enhances overall customer satisfaction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RFID Technology, Smart Shopping Trolley, Automated Billing, Microcontroller, LCD Display, ZigBee Communication, Wireless Transmission, Retail Automation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is seen that Single Parenthood affects children on a variety of dimension for example, their psychosocial development, their self-esteem, stress, maladjustment in peer-relations etc. This study aims to measure the differences in children who come from broken homes as opposed to intact households on "attribution styles". A comparative cross-sectional design was used with 40 adolescents (20 from single-parent families and 20 from intact families), assessed using the Attribution Style Assessment Test and analyzed using matched-pairs t-tests. The results indicated negative attribution style on all 4 dimensions of globality, locus, control, stability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Attribution style, single-parent children, Family structure,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition