Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Education plays vital role in the development of the children. In these modern trends we all required to use the technology in the school and classrooms. National education policy emphasis on the use of technology and made various changes in the education, evaluation and structure and also more focusing on the skills development of the typically developed and special need children. Technology and digitalization in education have been introduced and many school colleges are using the technology for providing accessibility in the education and academic achievement. Teacher is a crucial part of education management and in the school. Proper awareness and training are required to implement the technology in the education. Trained teacher and heads of the schools can make difference in the holistic development of the child. Government run the NISHTHA programme for the teachers and heads of the schools for achieving the foundation literacy and numeracy skills. The present study examines the classroom level implementation of the National Initiative for School Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement (NISHTHA) with more emphasis on the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN). A survey method used to study the implementation of NISHTHA in classroom practice. A researcher made tool based on a five-point rating scale was developed by the researcher for data collection which consisted of four areas with five statements in each area and total statements were twenty. The areas assessed were: (A) Foundational Pedagogy and Classroom Environment, (B) Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Implementation, (C) Assessment and Remedial Teaching, and (D) Holistic Development and Inclusivity. Trained teachers were the sample of the data collection process and analysed by using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. Cronbach's alpha was used to check reliability of the tool. The findings conclude that teacher effectively implementing supportive classroom environments and promoting holistic and inclusive practices. It suggests the need for continuous professional support, training, short term training programme for the upgradation knowledge of the teacher also monitoring, and follow-up training to strengthen the classroom impact of NISHTHA foundational literacy and numeracy skill initiatives. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers and educators to enhance the effectiveness of FLN programs in schools.

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NISHTHA, Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, Teacher Training, School

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Objective: The present study aimed to examine the biopsychological influence of menstrual cycle phases on mood state and performance consistency among elite female precision shooters. Specifically, the study investigated whether phase-wise variations in mood are associated with changes in shooting performance across different shooting disciplines. Method: A repeated-measures correlational research design was employed involving 61 national-level female shooters representing rifle, pistol, and shotgun events at the Madhya Pradesh Shooting Academy, Bhopal. Mood state was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), while shooting performance scores were recorded during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Performance evaluation followed the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) competition standards, and scores were normalized according to official event scoring systems (10 m Air Rifle = 654.0 decimal scoring scale, 10 m Air Pistol = 600 points, Skeet Shooting = 125 targets). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and Pearson product-moment correlation to examine phase-wise differences and relationships between mood and performance variables. Conclusion: The findings revealed significant phase-wise variations in mood state and normalized shooting performance; however, mood fluctuations did not significantly predict performance consistency among athletes. These results suggest that menstrual cycle phases may influence psychological and performance outcomes independently, indicating the presence of adaptive mechanisms that help stabilize performance in elite female precision shooters.

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Keywords: menstrual cycle, mood state, precision shooting, female athletes, biopsychology, performance consistency.

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Depression is a common and important health problem affecting the lives of many children and young adults. Depression is the leading cause of health-related disability. A proportion of depression cases begin in childhood and increase dramatically during adolescence. This systematic review aimed to estimate the global prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Depression manifests with increasing frequency as early adult life approaches and represents an escalating set of impairments across personal, family, social and educational life of children and young people. This article explain that childhood depression is a serious mood disorder causing prolonged sadness, irritability, or hopelessness that impacts a child's relationships and activities, and it is treatable with talk therapy and medication. Risk factors include genetics, adverse life events, family stress, and co-occurring conditions like anxiety.

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Lingers, sadness, child depression , mental disorder ,persistent depressive sadness.

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The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program regarding type-2 diabetes mellitus among nursing students in selected nursing colleges in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. In the present study, an evaluative approach was selected. One group pre and post-test design was adopted. The Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was developed to collect the data. The sample size of 60 among nursing students, selected by a simple random sampling technique and the data collected were analysed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result, the overall knowledge score of students revealed that a majority of student nurses, 83.3%, had moderate knowledge, 13.33% had inadequate knowledge, and only 3.33% students had adequate knowledge. The pre-test analysis revealed that most of them had some knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus. During post-test analysis, it was found that most of them scored in the category of adequate knowledge and post test score mean was 21.96, and the mean difference of pre-test and post-test was 7.38. post-test assessment significant difference (p<0.05) was found between pre-test and post-test score was demonstrated by using 't' test; it was found that the structured teaching program was effective. Keywords- structured teaching program, structured teaching program, nursing students, Structured Knowledge Questionnaire.

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"A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program Regarding Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges Bareilly, (U.P)"

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ABSTRACT In some regions of India, three out of four households include a migrant. The effects of migration on individuals, households and regions add up to a significant impact on the national economy and society. Despite the numbers, not much is written on migration within or from India and its considerable costs and returns remain outside of the public policy realm. This paper reviews key issues relating to wage and work migration in India. It analyses the patterns, trends and nature of labour migration, reviews existing government and non-governmental policies and programmes, and briefly examines key policy issues and options. Since the spatial distribution of jobs is an important determinant of the decision of migrate we compute the location quotient to identify whether a district has a higher concentration of workers in agriculture, manufacturing, construction and services sector. After controlling for household and individual characteristics, we find that an individual is more likely to be a short term migrant if the individual is from a district with a higher concentration of workers in the construction industry. Using instrumental variable model, we find that short term migrants earn low wages compared to non-short term migrant. Following this we model the transition of short term migrant workers across industries drawing on the literature on transition measures developed to measure income and occupational mobility

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Health, Migration, Causes and Impact

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Gender-based violence is presented primarily within the public health framework. It should be noted, however, that the authors recognise violence against women as a fundamental violation of human rights and a crime against women and society. All citizens also have the right to bias-free, affordable and accessible legal, social and health care services that can help to mitigate the negative consequences of the inflicted violence. Within the public health framework, violence is conceptualized as a problem that can be prevented and its consequences alleviated through social and health based interventions. Public health strategies can function at various levels in responding to violence - at the individual, community, and societal levels. As victims and survivors of violence approach the health care system for relief of the resulting physical and psychological trauma, health care professionals play an important role in the treatment of such injury, rehabilitation of victims, and prevention of further trauma (secondary and tertiary levels of care). With regard to prevention - or primary level care - community-based public health interventions can be instrumental in changing social norms, creating social pressures against violent behaviour, and educating the public about the health, social, and legal consequences of violence. While the public health system is recognized as one of the most critical sites for addressing violence, it currently lacks the capacity and sensitivity to adequately and effectively respond to the needs of victims and survivors.

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Health, Consequences, Intervention and Prevenvention

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In this research paper, we introduce the Cost-Quality method an innovative approach for deriving an initial basic feasible solution for the transportation problem. Cost-quantity method is designed to maximize the transportation of goods while simultaneously minimizing the related costs, employing a strategy akin to a weighting method to attain the most effective solution. By taking into account both the volume of goods transported and the transportation expenses, Cost-quantity method endeavours to deliver an optimal or near-optimal solution to tackle transportation challenges. This research contributes to the progress of identifying initial basic feasible solutions in transportation issues, providing insights into the creation of more efficient and effective strategies for addressing real-world optimization problems. With Cost-quantity method, those solving transportation problems can experience improved solution quality and computational efficiency, resulting in optimized resource utilization and cost savings.

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Transportation problem, initial basic feasible solution, Cost-Quality method, optimization, resource allocation.

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Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder marked by persistent difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep, even when sufficient opportunity for rest is available, leading to daytime dysfunction. It has significant consequences for cognitive function, emotional health, and overall well-being. In the Unani system of medicine, insomnia is identified as Sahr and is regarded as an independent disease entity associated with disturbances in humoral equilibrium and altered Miz?j (temperament). Although classical Unani scholars have described its causative factors in detail, these accounts are scattered across various traditional manuscripts and lack organized synthesis. Therefore, a systematic compilation and critical reinterpretation of the Unani concept of insomnia is necessary to strengthen its contemporary clinical applicability. Objective: To systematically compile, critically analyse, and update the Unani concept of the etiopathogenesis of Sahr (insomnia). Materials and Methods: An extensive literature review was undertaken by consulting classical Unani texts that describe Sahr (insomnia). Relevant details concerning its Asb?b (causes) and mechanisms of development were identified and systematically organised. Furthermore, published review articles, empirical research studies, and trustworthy online resources were scrutinised to integrate contemporary perspectives. Results: The analysis demonstrated that classical Unani literature identifies various causative factors for Sahr, such as the imbalance of humours, disturbances in temperament, psychological issues, and factors related to lifestyle. The gathered and critically examined data facilitated the development of a coherent and modernised etiopathogenetic model. Conclusion: This review offers a redefined and cohesive understanding of the etiopathogenesis of insomnia from the Unani viewpoint. The revised conceptual framework has the potential to enhance clinical practice, improve patient outcomes, and promote more logical and evidence-based therapeutic methods in Unani medicine.

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Unani Medicine, Insomnia, Sahr, S?'-i-Miz?j Y?bis, Asbab.

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Abstract: All over the world, women are facing different challenges, among them the increase in violence with increasing in life developments and the accelerating in social change. In spite of numerous numbers of studies imply the impact of socialization and tradition on women subordination, and the advocated ideas of democracy and secularism support women movement and needs as well, women across the world aspirations are still far from achieving the optimum situation. The current paper reviews the role of gender inequality and the associated aspects, and highlighting the principles of the physical differences between women and men that may explain why men play as the principal factor in violence against women. Keywords: Women; Violence; Gender; Inequality;

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Violence against women and law

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Diverse factors contributed to the growth of communist movement in Kerala. Beyond resistance against feudal lords and state, the communist party provided various services, encompassing disaster relief, agricultural production enhancement initiatives, and literacy programs. The establishment of reading rooms (vayanasalas) played a crucial role in educating the illiterates and fostering political awareness among them. It was the primary school teachers within the party who spearheaded their establishment, thereby promoting literacy. During the second quarter of the 20th century, these reading rooms disseminated communist ideology, thereby establishing a strong foundation for the communist movement in Kerala, particularly in north Malabar.The tradition of vayanasala movement helped communist party to a great extent escape from the fossilisation process in the period of crisis.

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vayanasala, socialists, communist party, literacy, night classes

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