Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Quality Assurance (QA) plays a critical role in ensuring that pharmaceutical manufacturing operations comply with national and international regulatory requirements. Regulatory inspections and audits conducted by authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and World Health Organization (WHO) are essential mechanisms to verify adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), data integrity principles, and product quality standards. QA functions as the central coordinating body that ensures inspection readiness, compliance documentation, risk management, and corrective actions. This review discusses the objectives and types of regulatory inspections, the responsibilities of QA before, during, and after inspections, and the impact of strong QA systems on regulatory compliance, patient safety, and organizational quality culture. Emphasis is placed on inspection preparedness, data governance, CAPA management, and continuous improvement strategies that strengthen pharmaceutical quality systems.

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 Keywords

Quality Assurance (QA); Regulatory Inspections; Regulatory Audits; Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP); Pharmaceutical Manufacturing; Data Integrity; Compliance Management; Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA); Quality Management System (QMS); USFDA; European Medicines Agency (EMA); World Health Organization (WHO); Risk Management; Inspection Readiness; Patient Safety; Documentation Control; Quality Culture.

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Background: Tobacco is derived from the leaves of the genus Nicotiana tabacum, a plant from the night-shade family, indigenous to North and South America, widely cultivated and commercially grown in many countries of the world, the most prominent Phytochemical found in tobacco. Archaeological studies suggest, the use of tobacco in around first century BC, when Maya people of Central America used tobacco leaves for smoking, in sacred and religious ceremonies. It then later started spreading as far as high up to the Mississippi Valley with the Maya community migrating from down south of America, between 470 and 630 AD. Gradually, it was then adopted by neighboring and native tribes.Objectives:1. To identify the rate of tobacco consumption in any form among women of Raigad District. 2. To identify the physical and physiological health problems among women. 3. To identify the psychosocial health problems among women. 4. To find out the association between health problems and selected demographic variables Hypothesis: H0- There will be no significant relation between tobacco consumption with the health problems among women from selected area of Raigad, district. H01- There will be no significant association between tobacco consumption in women with selected demographic variables. Methodology: The research design consisted of non- experimental, quantitative research approach. Descriptive research design survey method was used in the study. The population selected for the study was women from selected area of Raigad, district. The study samples were 120 women from Raigad district. In this study, non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the study. The development of the tool involved steps of test construction i.e. preparing the blue print, selection of items, content validation and establishment of reliability. The content validity of the questionnaire was done and modifications were done according to the suggestions given by the experts. Pre-testing and reliability of the tools were done. The reliability coefficient of the cramp score was found to be 0.893.The tool was found to be reliable. Results: The study found that 36% of women consumed smokeless tobacco (Mishri), with 50% using it for 4-10 years and 60% consuming it 3-5 times daily; 73% used tobacco soon after waking, and most reported no co-morbidities. Among those with health issues, 21% had hypertension, while smaller percentages had angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, asthma, or osteoarthritis, and 60% had not received medical care in the past six months. Most participants had normal vital signs, including pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and SpO? levels. However, oral health problems were common, with 79% having dental caries, 68% halitosis, 34% stained teeth, and lesions on the hard (28%) and soft palate (37%); pallor of lips (54%), gums (18%), and nails (28%) was also observed. A small proportion had pitting (8%) or non-pitting edema (7%). Regarding psychological health, 49% felt nervous or anxious if unable to consume tobacco on time, 51% worried excessively, and 41-48% experienced fear or "butterfly" sensations in the abdomen. Depression symptoms included little interest in activities (39%), excessive sleep (44%), poor appetite (45%), feelings of failure (43%), thoughts of being better off dead (44%), difficulty concentrating (46%), and hopelessness (44%), though 41-42% were able to feel cheerful or laugh occasionally. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in anxiety or depression levels across different age groups of tobacco-consuming women at the 0.01 level. Conclusion and Recommendations: The result of the study clearly shows that the women in the selected area were facing various health issues and that are physical and social and psychological. As data collected from all the samples, it is been found that the most of the samples were from middle class background with secondary education, friends, neighbors are the influencer for tobacco use and stress is the other reason. They are consuming tobacco as soon as they wake up in morning, at 4-5 times a day, many of the samples had diagnosed with one or another comorbidity and haven't taken any medical advised for past 6months.

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 Keywords

Assess, Health Problems, Tobacco Consumption, Women.

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Abstract This article presents the results of an ecological field survey conducted by undergraduate students of Environmental Studies from Government Model Degree College, Daporijo. The survey was carried out in Jeram and Patum villages of Upper Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, on 21 April 2025. The main objectives of survey were to identify local plant species, document their traditional and medicinal uses, and understand how indigenous communities utilize and conserve plant resources in their daily life. Data were collected through direct field observation, informal interviews with villagers, and participatory documentation. The study revealed that the two villages possess a rich diversity of plant species that are deeply integrated into the community's culture, food habits, and health practices. The findings highlight the value of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in biodiversity conservation and the need for preserving this knowledge among future generations.

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Keywords: Ecological Survey, Traditional Knowledge, Medicinal Plants, Biodiversity, Arunachal Pradesh

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In the present digital era, individuals and organizations handle a massive volume of documents in different formats such as text files, PDFs, scanned images, and handwritten notes, making information retrieval a difficult and time-consuming task. To overcome this challenge, this work presents an AI-based personal assistant that enables secure storage, intelligent management, and quick retrieval of user documents through interactive communication. The system allows users to search using both text and voice queries, providing fast and relevant responses. Techniques such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) are employed to extract text from scanned and image-based documents, while Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are used to understand user intent and generate accurate answers. Strong authentication and encryption mechanisms are integrated to ensure data privacy and protection. In addition, features such as cloud-style document storage, an AI analytics dashboard, and Razor pay-based premium subscription support enhance the overall functionality of the system. The proposed solution aims to offer a practical, secure, and intelligent platform that simplifies access to personal and professional information and improves everyday productivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Document Management System, Natural Language Processing, Optical Character Recognition, Semantic Search, Information Retrieval.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Mala community, a significant Scheduled Caste group in Telangana, has historically faced social, economic, and political marginalization due to the rigid caste system in India. Traditionally employed as agricultural laborers, village servants, and in low-paid occupations, Malas experienced limited access to land, education, and upward mobility for generations. Post-independence India introduced constitutional safeguards, reservations, and welfare schemes aimed at promoting social justice and economic development for Scheduled Castes. Despite these measures, disparities persist, particularly in rural areas where many Malas remain landless, dependent on wage labor, and underrepresented in political and formal employment spheres. Previous studies have highlighted gradual improvements in literacy, basic infrastructure, and government employment for some households, but internal disparities and structural inequalities continue to hinder uniform development. This study seeks to examine the current socio-economic status of the Mala community in a selected village of Jagtial district to understand the extent and limitations of their development.

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Scheduled Castes, employment, development, social, economy, political, discrimination, backwardness and etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the modern world, the viewing of electronic displays has become a huge part of daily living at home, at work, during leisure time and the move. The use of laptop, desktop and tablet computers, smartphones and electronic reading devices has become ubiquitous. Without computer, world has no global awareness. The computer has become backbone of today's occupational settings. From primitive tools of the stone age, today we have entered a new era, the computer age-an age which owes everything to inventors. It has created a brand new environment. They are the heartbeats of the modern world.

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planned teaching programme

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Concrete is widely used in infrastructure due to its high compressive strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, exposure to acidic environments significantly affects its mechanical and durability properties. Acid attack primarily occurs when concrete structures are exposed to industrial effluents, acid rain, sewage systems, or aggressive soils containing acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. These acids react with the alkaline components of hydrated cement paste, particularly calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)?) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), leading to chemical degradation. The interaction between acids and cement hydration products results in the formation of soluble salts and expansive compounds such as gypsum and ettringite, which weaken the internal structure of concrete. This process reduces compressive strength, increases porosity, and accelerates surface deterioration through scaling, cracking, and mass loss. Sulfuric acid is particularly aggressive due to both chemical reaction and sulfate attack mechanisms, causing severe structural damage compared to other acids. The rate and extent of strength reduction depend on several factors, including acid concentration, exposure duration, type of cement, water-cement ratio, permeability, and use of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume, and slag. Concrete with lower permeability and higher density generally exhibits better resistance to acid attack. Understanding the influence of acid on concrete strength is essential for designing durable structures in aggressive environments. Preventive measures such as proper mix design, protective coatings, and the use of acid-resistant materials can significantly enhance service life and structural performance under acidic exposure conditions.

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 Keywords

Acid attack, Concrete degradation, Strength loss, Durability, Chemical corrosion (or chemical attack), pH value, Cement matrix (or cement paste), Microstructure, Pore structure (or porosity, permeability), Material properties (mechanical properties, physical properties).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Loan repayment behavior plays a crucial role in ensuring financial stability within the banking sector and sustaining credit growth in emerging economies like India. This study examines the key socio-economic, financial, and behavioral factors influencing loan repayment behavior among middle-class households in India. Using primary data collected through structured questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale, the research analyzes variables such as income stability, employment security, financial literacy, borrowing patterns, lending practices, and financial awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Loan repayment behavior, Middle-class households, Financial literacy, Income stability, Lending practices, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: Web applications are vulnerable to malicious acts because the applications are open and interactive. SQL injection, cross site scripting, command execution, and directory browsing are among the most frequent and destructive attacks that are injection based. Traditional security mechanisms, though, tend to be very based on hard-coded signatures and firewall rules, do not provide any form of contextual observation and in-depth behavioral analysis. In the current paper, a framework of a Machine Learning-based honeypot in combination with session-based audit logging is introduced to provide real-time web application security monitoring. The suggested architecture is an implementation of a threat score mechanism that uses controlled honeypot endpoints to receive potentially suspicious inputs and rate incoming requests based on those. Besides payload analysis, the structure logs session identifiers, IP addresses, geolocation information, and repeated patterns of interaction to give more understanding of the way an attacker operates. All the identified events are registered in a long-lasting audit database and presented in the form of a responsive analytics dashboard. The practical confirmation of the provided framework by simulated attack cases proves the fact that it is a successful approach to detecting threats related to injections without notable deployment costs.

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Web Honeypot, Supervised Learning, Attack Classification, Risk Scoring, Intrusion Detection, Web Application Security, Large Language Models, Threat Intelligence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The relationship between gender and the environment is primarily conceptualized in ideological terms in the expanding body of literature on ecofeminism in the West, particularly in the US. However, a growing struggle for survival in the developing world draws attention to the material foundation of this connection. It provides context for a different definition of ecofeminism, which the study refers to as "Feminist Environmentalism." Before the 18th and 19th centuries, women were seen to play no part in environmental conservation and promotion, and they were excluded from all main spheres of social life. However, after learning about their rights and responsibilities and becoming aware of their surroundings, they consciously raised their voices against environmental deterioration. Women play an essential role in managing natural resources at the family and community levels, and they are disproportionately affected by environmental deterioration. Women traditionally care for and maintain natural resources in their households and communities. Environmental damage and deterioration substantially affect them by depriving them of their means of subsistence. Women have direct access to natural resources such as fuel, food, and fodder; forests; water; and land, particularly in rural areas, where 70% of the Indian population lives and is directly dependent on these resources. Women are also accountable for using these resources to meet their families' necessities. This paper addresses two objectives: first, the conceptualization of the nature of the relationship between women and the environment; and second, the analysis of the contribution of women to environmental movements in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Feminist Environmentalism, Ecofeminism, Environmental Movements, Environmental deterioration, Environmental Conservation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition