Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The study's goal is to present an accurate and organised survey of the literature on risk tolerance. The study aims to investigate different factors which affects risk tolerance and to provide comprehensive literature review. The manuscript beings with a discussion on the risk tolerance. We explore how risk tolerance can be measured with different factors like demographic factors, Financial Literacy, Personality types and how these factors influence investors. The results showed factors like personality types, financial literacy and demographic factors is positively influence risk tolerance. The study makes a novel contribution to the strand literature of risk tolerance among investors. It highlights the substantial knowledge gaps in this field and provides a potential agenda for academicians, research organizations, and funding agencies for future research.

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Risk Tolerance, Personality types, Demographic factors, Financial Literacy.

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ABSTRACT In low- and middle-income economies, women and marginalised individuals remain excluded from formal financial services to a greater extent than their male counterparts. Digital microfinance platforms provide access to financial resources that enhance women's employment outcomes, income, and entrepreneurship opportunities. However, impacts vary across regions, sectors, and digital literacy levels. KEYWORDS Digital Microfinance, Women's Employment, Empowerment, Financial Inclusion, Policy Implications

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Digital Microfinance, Women's Employment,Empowerment,Financial Inclusion,Policy

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Transgender individuals frequently experience social exclusion, stigma, and discrimination, which place them at elevated risk for loneliness and poor psychosocial well-being. The present study examined levels of perceived loneliness and perceived social acceptance and investigated the relationship between these constructs among transgender adults residing in Mumbai. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Sixty participants (34 trans women and 26 trans men), aged 18-30 years, were recruited through community-based organizations using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) and the Perceived Acceptance Scale. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, one-sample t-tests, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Results indicated high levels of perceived loneliness (M = 50.93, SD = 10.33) and moderate levels of perceived social acceptance (M = 138.97, SD = 33.15). One-sample t-tests revealed that both loneliness and social acceptance scores differed significantly from the scale midpoints (p < .001). No significant gender differences were observed in loneliness or social acceptance between trans men and trans women. A statistically significant moderate-to-strong negative correlation was found between perceived loneliness and social acceptance (r = -0.568, p < .001), indicating that higher loneliness was associated with lower social accepatance Acceptance from friends and mothers showed stronger protective associations than acceptance from fathers. The findings highlight perceived social acceptance as a crucial protective factor for the psychological well-being of transgender individuals. Interventions that strengthen family support, peer relationships, and community inclusion may play an essential role in reducing loneliness and improving mental health outcomes in this population.

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Perceived loneliness, social acceptance, transgender individuals

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Abstract- The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought profound changes to human society, transforming economic systems, education, governance, healthcare, and everyday life. Alongside its benefits, AI raises serious ethical, social, and philosophical concerns such as dehumanization, algorithmic bias, surveillance, unemployment, and the erosion of moral responsibility. In this context, the Neo-Humanism propounded by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar offers a comprehensive ethical and spiritual framework capable of guiding technological progress toward holistic human welfare. This paper examines the relevance of Sarkar's Neo-Humanism in the era of Artificial Intelligence by analyzing its philosophical foundations, ethical principles, and universal outlook. Using an analytical and interdisciplinary approach, the study explores how Neo-Humanism can address contemporary challenges posed by AI, emphasizing rational morality, universal love, spiritual consciousness, and socio-economic justice. The paper argues that Neo-Humanism provides a human-cantered yet universal ethical paradigm that can harmonize technological innovation with moral responsibility, social equity, and sustainable development. The study concludes that P. R. Sarkar's Neo-Humanism remains highly relevant in the AI era as a guiding philosophy for responsible, inclusive, and value-based technological advancement.

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Keywords: Neo-Humanism, Artificial Intelligence, Ethics of Technology, Human Values.

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Women entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic development, poverty reduction, and social transformation. Despite significant progress in education and workforce participation, women entrepreneurs continue to face structural, financial, and socio-cultural barriers. This paper examines the growth of women entrepreneurship, key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, government initiatives supporting women-led enterprises, and strategies for sustainable development. The study concludes with policy recommendations to enhance women's participation in entrepreneurial activities and strengthen economic inclusivity.

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Women Entrepreneurship, Economic Development, Gender Equality, MSMEs, Policy Support

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Spray bandages can be regarded as a future-oriented wound management technique, which provides immediate non-contact wound cover by creating a thin, flexible, and breathable layer of polymeric film when solvent vapor is present. Compared to traditional wound dressing methods like gauze or adhesive strips, spray bandages are able to shape greatly to irregular wound surfaces, which minimizes pain on application and removal, has lower chances of contamination and decreases the number of changing bands. These qualities lead to better patient adherence and positive healing results. The strategies that are used to formulate spray bandages (such as the choice of an appropriate film-forming polymer, solvent systems, plasticizers, and integration of therapeutic agents) are critically important in determining the performance of such products. All these factors determine the integrity, permeability, mechanical strength and drug-release behavior of a film, which finally determines clinical efficacy. Although their benefits are encouraging, their introduction is restricted by their drawbacks like stability of formulation, regulatory restrictions and limited drug-loading capacity. There exist new avenues of research such as nanotechnology-based delivery systems and responsive wound dressings which provide a potential answer to such constraints. On the whole, spray bandages have high potential as the next generation wound care systems and it is hoped that technology will continue to be enhanced that will increase their clinical applicability

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Spray bandage; Advanced wound care; Polymeric wound dressings; Drug delivery systems

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Etymologically, the term 'Subaltern' has been derived from the Latin roots 'sub' meaning 'below' and 'alterns' meaning 'all others'. The Vocabulary.com Dictionary defines the subaltern 'as someone with a low ranking in a social, political, or other hierarchy. It can also mean someone who has been marginalized or oppressed.' The Italian Marxist political activist Antonio Gramsci invented the term and used it in his article "Notes on Italian History," which later appeared in his book Prison Notebooks. According to El Habib Louai in Gramsci's view, "The subaltern classes refer fundamentally to any low rank person or group of people in a particular society suffering under hegemonic domination of a ruling elite class that denies them the basic rights of participation in the making of a local history and culture as active individuals of the same nation." Basudev Sunani's first novel Padaa Poddi (Burnt to Ashes), published in Odia, is the poignant tale of a Dalit settlement burnt to ashes by the upper caste neighbours. Makaru, the protagonist, narrates the story of caste exploitation and discrimination that forced his father to flee from the village, abandon the land of their forefathers and Gods, to settle at Raipur. There is no end to the hegemonic treatment meted out to others in the village. However, there are voices that flutter signalling a protest. There are heads that rise and hitherto silent voices speak. The objective of the researcher is to evaluate the novel as a subaltern discourse and how far the novelist has been successful in delineating the despair and defiance of a community that has been suppressed for long. Keywords: subaltern, hegemony, exploitation, discrimination, elite, marginalization, subordination

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Keywords: subaltern, hegemony, exploitation, discrimination, elite, marginalization, subordination

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This document presents a comprehensive examination of the Sports Career Psychometric Profiling Assessment (SCPPA), a pioneering framework engineered to address the critical human capital requirements of the global sports industry as of February 2026. The contemporary sports ecosystem has undergone a profound structural transformation, evolving from a performance-centric domain into a highly professionalized, technologically integrated industry requiring specialized competencies across diverse functional verticals. This structural evolution has created an urgent imperative for scientifically validated career guidance systems capable of matching multidimensional human traits with emerging occupational opportunities. The SCPPA addresses this imperative by synthesizing three empirically validated psychometric instruments, the Dual Career Competency Questionnaire for Athletes (DCCQ-A), the Athlete Competency Questionnaire for Employability (ACQE), and the Athlete Psychological Well-Being Inventory (APWBI), with an adapted RIASEC vocational theory and Situational Judgment Testing (SJT). The framework is operationalized through a sophisticated four-module adaptive architecture. It utilizes Two-Parameter Logistic (2PL) Item Response Theory (IRT) for adaptive interest measurement, Thurstonian IRT for forced-choice personality profiling to mitigate response distortion, and advanced artificial intelligence methodologies. Specifically, the system employs gradient-boosted decision tree ensembles for predictive outcome forecasting and transformer-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to extract semantic features from free-text SJT responses. Validation evidence indicates robust psychometric properties for the underlying instruments, confirming factorial validity across multiple cultural contexts and internal consistency coefficients consistently exceeding 0.80. Furthermore, the research contextualizes the SCPPA within the specific macroeconomic landscape of the Indian sports industry in 2026. The system strategically aligns with recent shifts toward outcome-backed educational financing and government mandates for the development of "Sports Technocrats." By operationalizing an "Indian Safety Net" strategy, the framework explicitly maps international educational pathways to domestic labor market deficits, thereby neutralizing the financial and psychological risks associated with global educational mobility. Ultimately, this paper establishes the SCPPA as a methodologically rigorous, strategically aligned paradigm for holistic, evidence-based career guidance in specialized industries.

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Sports Career Guidance, Psychometrics, Artificial Intelligence, Item Response Theory, Dual Career Competency, Employability, Outcome-Backed Financing, Situational Judgment Tests.

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1942 ?? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? 8 ????? 1942 ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? "??? ?? ???" ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??-??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????, ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? 1947 ??? ??????? ???, ????? 1942 ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????, ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????

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????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ????, ?????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????

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In Assam State, the districts of Morigaon and Nagaon have been severely affected by floods in recent years (2015,2021,2022). The major focus of the current study find out the causes of flood in the Morigaon and Nagaon district. These floods are primarily caused by heavy monsoon rains that lead to overflowing rivers and submerging large areas of land. The Brahmaputra River and its tributaries receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon season (June to September), causing water levels to rise rapidly. The Brahmaputra River and its tributaries carry a large amount of silt, which reduces the water-carrying capacity of the rivers, leading to frequent flooding. According to the study, it is helpful to determine the causes of flood and projected District growth and development so that District planning authorities may control the flood and development in accordance with the region's ecological or environmental carrying capacity.

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Keywords : Flood Vulnerability Mapping Variables And Analysis, Elevation And Slope, Relative Relief, Soils, The Stream Network, Drainage Density, LULC, Ranking Of Flood Mapping Criteria.

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