Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

With the increasing prevalence of cyber threats, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks remain a significant concern for network security. This study introduces an AI powered DDoS detection system that leverages Machine Learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Neural Networks, to distinguish between legitimate and malicious network traffic in real time. The system is integrated with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to enable adaptive security measures. A web-based interface, developed using React.js and Tailwind CSS, provides real-time traffic visualization. Experimental evaluations indicate high detection accuracy, reinforcing cybersecurity defenses against evolving attack strategies.

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 Keywords

DDoS Detection, Machine Learning, Software-defined Networking (SDN), Cybersecurity, Real-time Traffic Analysis, Network safety, Web-based Monitoring, Intrusion detection System(IDS)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Free radical reactions are a class of chemical reactions that involve highly reactive intermediates known as free radicals. These species possess unpaired electrons, making them extremely unstable and eager to form stable bonds. Free radical mechanisms are fundamental processes in chemistry, playing a significant role in a variety of chemical reactions, including polymerization, combustion, and biological processes. The mechanism typically involves three primary stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step, free radicals are generated through processes such as homolytic bond cleavage, often induced by heat, light, or chemical catalysts. During propagation, these radicals react with stable molecules to form new radicals, sustaining a chain reaction. The termination step occurs when two radicals combine, neutralizing their reactivity and halting the chain process. Free radical mechanisms are critical in synthetic chemistry, especially in the production of polymers through free radical polymerization. However, uncontrolled free radical activity can be harmful, as observed in biological systems where oxidative stress leads to cell damage. Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating such damage by scavenging free radicals. This paper will investigate into the fundamental mechanism of free radical reactions, encircling the key steps involved and the factors influencing their reactivity.

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 Keywords

Free radical, initiation, propagation, termination, heat, photon, unpaired electron, intermediate, polymerization, homolytic cleavage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

B-Ride is a novel ride-sharing system that employs public blockchain technology to preserve the privacy of its users. The proposed system aims to address the privacy concerns of traditional ride-sharing platforms, which require users to disclose their personal information and travel history to a centralized entity. B-Ride leverages the transparency and immutability of blockchain to facilitate secure and decentralized ride-sharing without compromising user privacy. The B-Ride system uses a smart contract to execute the ride-sharing process, which ensures the authenticity of the transaction and the privacy of user data. The smart contract automates the matching of riders with drivers, the payment process, and the provision of feedback. The system also incorporates a reputation-based mechanism to incentivize good behavior and enhance the trustworthiness of the platform. B-Ride uses a public blockchain to ensure transparency and accountability, allowing users to verify the integrity of the system and the accuracy of the information. The use of a public blockchain also eliminates the need for a central authority, which reduces the risk of data breaches and enhances the security of user data. In summary, B-Ride provides a privacy-preserving ride-sharing solution that leverages the power of public blockchain technology. The proposed system addresses the shortcomings of traditional ride-sharing platforms by offering a decentralized, transparent, and secure platform that prioritizes user privacy.

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 Keywords

Blockchain; decentralization; encryption; peer-to-peer network; ridesharing; intermediaries; public blockchain; etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Green synthesis of PbS (lead sulphide) and CdS (cadmium sulphide) semiconductor nanoparticles has emerged as an acceptable alternative for conventional chemical approaches, offering both environmental advantages and the capacity to change material characteristics. These nanoparticles have unique optical and electrical characteristics that allow them suitable for applications like light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, solar cells, and other optoelectronic devices. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in the green synthesis of PbS/CdS semiconductor nanoparticles, examining key methods, such as plant-extract-assisted synthesis, microbial synthesis, and surfactant-based techniques. Along with evaluating significant research on the characteristics and performance of PbS/CdS nanomaterials, we additionally discuss their multiple applications in electronics. Several theoretical models have been proposed to account for the electronic structure and optical properties of the quantum dots. We shall briefly review these models in the following sections. The challenges, advantages, and future prospects of these materials in electronics are also discussed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Green synthesis, semiconductor, nanoparticles, diodes, electronics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research brings out a holistic view of how zudio conducts social media marketing, outlining how the brand interacts with the target market in this competitive industry of fashion retail. zudio takes a digital-first approach, displaying its products through platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter to link up with consumers. The brand creates daily social content updates that comprise youth-oriented graphics, behind-the-scenes peeks into company culture, and consumer-generated content to create authentic and relatable brand imagery. Through collaborations with over 300 fashion micro-influencers, zudio extends its outreach into niche markets, thereby fostering credibility among its millennial and Gen Z customers. It integrates localized payment options and value-added content, including style tips and trend reports, to make the online shopping experience better. By analyzing these strategies, the study will be able to identify the major factors contributing to the brand growth and customer loyalty of zudio and can give insight into the best social media marketing practices in the fashion industry.

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 Keywords

ZUDIO, COIMBATORE CITY, SOCIAL MARKETING.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The global cut flower industry is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing demand for sustainable and environment friendly products. This study analyzes market trends and identifies opportunities for flower farmers to adopt sustainable practices. The results highlight the growing demand for sustainable cut flowers, driven by consumer concerns about environmental and social impacts. Opportunities for flower farmers to adopt sustainable practices include the use of renewable energy, integrated pest management, and sustainable water management. The study provides recommendations for businesses, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable cut flower production and capitalize on emerging market opportunities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable cut flower production, Market trends, Flower farmers, Sustainable practices, Environmental impact.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increase on global emphasis sustainability and the changeover towards fresh Department of Energy solutions have propelled electric vehicles (EVs) into the spotlight. This survey aims to explore consumer perception and awareness regard electron volt, analyze factors such as environmental consciousness, cost-effectiveness, performance outlook, and technical advance. By surveying a diverse demographic, the research identifies primal drivers influencing consumer attitudes, alongside barriers such as range anxiety, infrastructure challenge, and affordability concerns. The survey also evaluate the role of governmental insurance, incentives, and marketing strategies in shaping consumer awareness and adoption. The finding provide actionable insights for policymakers, producer, and stakeholders to direct consumer concerns and enhance the appeal of EVs, fostering their integration into mainstream transportation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electric Vehicles, consumers, satisfaction, awareness and preferences.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"An Experimental study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Rhythmic Breathing Technique Upon Pain Perception Among Patients During Venipuncture At Vidya Hospital Raipur, Chhattisgarh." Pain is a subjective experience which can be understood by others only by the verbal expression of the person experiencing the pain. Pain is also manifested by behavioral and physiological responses. Breathing is an effective source of pain control because it releases muscle tension, relaxes the mind and allows the brain to focus away from pain. Modulation of pain The modulation of pain involves changing or inhibiting transmission of pain impulses in the spinal cord. A relaxation technique (also known as relaxation training) is any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state of increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of anxiety, stress or anger. Relaxation techniques are often employed as one element of a wider stress management program and can decrease muscle tension, lower the blood pressure and slow heart and breathe rates, among other health benefits. Pain receptors are present everywhere in the body, especially the skin, surfaces of the joints, periosteum, walls of the arteries, and certain structures in the skull. Other organs, such as the gut and muscles, have fewer pain receptors. It is interesting to note that the brain itself does not have any pain receptors at all, and is therefore insensitive to pain. The process of nociception describes the normal processing of pain and the responses to noxious stimuli that are damaging or potentially damaging to normal tissue. There are four basic processes involved in nociception. The investigator felt to identify, The Effectiveness of Rhythmic Breathing Technique on Pain Perception among Patients Undergoing Venipuncture at Vidya Hospital, Raipur Chhattisgarh. OBJECTIVES o To assess the intensity of pain perceived by control and experimental group patient during venipuncture at Vidya Hospital, Raipur Chhattisgarh. o To assess the Effectiveness of rhythmic breathing technique on Pain Perception among Patients Undergoing Venipuncture at Vidya Hospital, Raipur Chhattisgarh. o To find out the association between selected demographic variables and pain perception of patient during venipuncture among experimental group at Vidya Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. o To find out the association between selected demographic variables and pain perception of patient during venipuncture among control group at Vidya Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This experimental study was conducted in Vidya Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. A true experimental research approach is adopted and the design used is pretest- posttest only research design. Random sampling is used to select the sample. The conceptual framework of this study is based on combination of Gate Control theory and General System theory. The tool used for study is an interview schedule to collect demographic data, standard numeric pain rating scale for assessment of pain perception and rhythmic breathing technique. The main study was conducted on sample of 60 patients, in which 30 patients were taken as experimental and 30 patients as control group in Vidya Hospital, Raipur (C.G.).the tool for data collection was a Rhythmic Breathing Technique and Numeric pain rating scale to assess the effectiveness of Rhythmic Breathing Technique on pain perception among patients undergoing venipuncture. According to the extent of pain in experimental group 27 (90%) have mild pain, 3 (10%) have moderate pain. Whereas in control group 16(53.33%) have severe pain, 13(43.33%) have moderate pain, 1 (3.33%) have mild pain. Mean value is 2.3 and 6.1 for experimental group and control group respectively. Value of standard deviation is 1.6 and 1.23 for experimental group and control group respectively. "t" value for the experimental group and control group are 13.5 which is significant at 0.05 level, this shows the Null hypothesis is rejected and the intervention of Rhythmic Breathing Technique is effective in reduction of pain perception during venipuncture. Conclusion: - The study concludes that the Rhythmic Breathing Technique is effective as diversional therapy in reducing pain perception during venipuncture.

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 Keywords

Rhythmic Breathing Technique- in this study rhythmic breathing technique refers to a process of rhythmic inhalation and exhalation with concentration on breath during the venipuncture. Pain perception- in this study pain perception refers to an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, experienced by patient undergoing venipuncture. Venipuncture- in this study venipuncture refers to the technique in which a vein is punctured by a sharp rigid needle or a cannula for diagnostic and therapeutic

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 Abstract

Advanced roads represent the future of transportation infrastructure, integrating advanced technologies to enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Equipped with sensors. This ensures safety in Accident prone areas by integrating Hydraulic poles to control the speed of vehicles at intersections this can be useful reducing accidents. and we can generate some amount of electrical energy by integrating rolling speed bumps in the modern road networks. And the integration of senso based lights on this type roads can help us in saving some amount of electricity. The Use of renewable sources ike solar in roads results in environmental sustainability

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INNOVATION OF ADVANCED ROADS FOR TRAFFIC SAFTEY MANAGEMENT

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Environmental conservation is a pressing global priority, and education plays a pivotal role in fostering sustainable practices and instilling ecological responsibility in future generations. This article explores the intersection of environmental conservation and education, emphasizing how nurturing "green minds" can lead to a more sustainable future. It highlights the importance of integrating environmental awareness into curriculum at all educational levels, from primary schools to universities. Through environmental education, students develop an understanding of key concepts such as climate change, biodiversity, pollution, and sustainable living. By promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills, educators empower students to address environmental challenges and become active participants in conservation efforts. The article discusses the significance of hands-on learning experiences, such as eco-clubs, tree-planting drives, recycling initiatives, and nature excursions, which encourage students to connect theory with action. Furthermore, the role of educators as facilitators of change is examined, along with the importance of creating partnerships between schools, local communities, and environmental organizations. Such collaborations can amplify the impact of conservation education and inspire collective action. The article also emphasizes the need for policy reforms that prioritize environmental education, ensuring that it is embedded as a core subject rather than an optional topic. By fostering an environmentally conscious mindset from a young age, education systems can produce generations of individuals who prioritize sustainability in their personal and professional lives. In conclusion, the article underscores that the journey toward environmental conservation begins in classrooms. By cultivating green minds, education serves as the foundation for a future where humanity lives in harmony with nature, safeguarding the planet for generations to come.

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 Keywords

Environmental conservation , Education for sustainability ,Green minds , Ecological responsibility, Sustainable future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition