Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The rapid proliferation of social media platforms has significantly transformed the landscape of digital marketing in India. This paper explores the key role and far-reaching impact of social media on digital marketing strategies across various sectors. With a growing internet user base and increasing Smartphone penetration, platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube have become vital tools for brands to engage with consumers, build brand awareness, and drive sales. The study highlights how businesses -- ranging from startups to large corporations --leverage social media for targeted advertising, influencer marketing, real-time feedback, and customer relationship management. It also examines the challenges such as data privacy, content saturation, and algorithmic changes that affect visibility and engagement. Overall, the research underscores the dynamic and evolving role of social media as an indispensable component of digital marketing in Indian context.

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 Keywords

Social Media, Digital Marketing, India, Face Book, Instagram,Twitter,Linkedin and You Tube.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dalit youth, self-esteem, caste stigma, psychological wellbeing, higher education, discrimination.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Globalization, massification of higher education, accountability, and high-speed technological change has led to an increase in the role of leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs). The unique feature of universities as complex organizations is professional autonomy, shared governance, and various expectations of stakeholders that carry out work in universities, which complicates the process of leadership. In the present paper, the issue of leadership in higher education is reviewed based on academic literature. It will examine the conceptualization of leadership, prevailing leadership theories used in the academic science, monarch leadership position in various levels of institutions, and the predicaments of the academic leader. The review highlights transformational, distributed, ethical, and situational leadership as especially relevant to higher education institutions. However, persistent challenges such as governance constraints, role ambiguity, inadequate leadership preparation, and resistance to change continue to affect leadership effectiveness. The paper concludes by identifying research gaps and emphasizing the need for context-sensitive leadership development frameworks to enhance institutional effectiveness in higher education.

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Leadership, higher education institution, academic leadership, organization, theories of leadership.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Spodoptera litura, Natural diet, Morphometry, Bioassay, Glycine max

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Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) has emerged as an important alternative financing instrument for listed firms in emerging capital markets. In India, PIPE transactions are executed primarily through preferential allotments regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and listed on recognized stock exchanges such as the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. The growing reliance on PIPE financing reflects changing corporate funding strategies aimed at improving liquidity position, restructuring capital structure and enhancing operational flexibility. The present study examines the interrelationship between PIPE investments and selected financial influencers in Indian listed firms. The research is based on secondary data collected from financial statements and annual reports. Ratio analysis and correlation techniques are employed to analyse liquidity, leverage, profitability and asset efficiency indicators. The findings reveal that firms with higher leverage and liquidity constraints are more inclined to adopt PIPE financing. Post-investment analysis indicates improvement in solvency and gradual strengthening of profitability. The study contributes to understanding capital restructuring behaviour in the Indian corporate environment.

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 Keywords

PIPE Investment, Capital Structure, Liquidity, Leverage, Financial Performance.

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This study investigates the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Human Resource Management (HRM) within the IT sector of Tiruchirappalli, focusing on its ability to drive Time Saving and Cost Reduction (TSCR). Utilizing a structural model analysis, the research evaluates five critical AI dimensions--Attendance, Real-Time Experience, Accuracy, Computing Power & Capacity, and Automation--to determine their influence on operational efficiency. The findings indicate that while Real-Time Experience and Computing Power are the primary drivers of significant cost and time gains, and Attendance provides a minor but statistically significant benefit, both Accuracy and Automation failed to show a significant direct impact on TSCR. These results suggest that for Indian IT firms, the true value of AI currently lies in infrastructure strength and data immediacy rather than autonomous workflows alone. Consequently, the study concludes that AI-driven HRM is a strategic evolution that requires robust computational capacity and organizational readiness to translate technological potential into measurable financial and temporal advantages.

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Real-Time Experience , Computing Power, Accuracy , Automation

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Purpose: This study investigates the mechanisms through which leadership influences employee retention in the burgeoning IT hub of Tiruchirappalli (Trichy), Tamil Nadu. Specifically, it examines the mediating role of Job Satisfaction in the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment, Adopting a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from 164 IT professionals in Trichy using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling. The conceptual model was tested using path analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships between the variables. The statistical results confirm that Transformational Leadership has a significant positive impact on Job Satisfaction ($eta = 0.09, p = 0.02$) and Organizational Commitment ($eta = 0.422, p < 0.001$). Furthermore, Job Satisfaction was found to be a significant predictor of Commitment ($eta = 0.191, p < 0.001$). Crucially, the direct path from Transformational Leadership to Organizational Commitment became non-significant ($eta = 0.049, p = 0.124$) when Job Satisfaction was introduced, indicating a Full Mediation effect. The findings suggest that leadership vision and inspiration do not directly translate into employee loyalty. Instead, leadership must first foster a high level of job satisfaction to successfully secure long-term commitment. This highlights the "satisfaction bridge" as a mandatory requirement for organizational stability. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from a Tier-2 Indian city, a context often overlooked in mainstream HR studies. It offers a clear roadmap for IT managers in Trichy, proving that the path to a committed workforce is essentially routed through the daily professional fulfilment of the employee.

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Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Mediation Analysis, IT Industry, Tiruchirappalli.

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Group theory, a subfield of abstract algebra, offers a rigorous mathematical framework for investigating symmetry, transformations, and invariants. These themes are becoming increasingly important in modern construction, particularly in residential housing, where modularity, repetition, and structural balance dominate design and execution. This study investigates the use of group-theoretic principles in architectural symmetry, modular building, structural optimization, and construction scheduling. Mathematical formulations, visual figures, and tabulated analysis show how group theory improves efficiency, uniformity, and reliability in house building construction.

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Group theory, symmetry, modular construction, residential buildings, structural optimization

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This article examines disaster management and risk reduction strategies in the context of climate change with a specific focus on India and the wider South Asian region. It highlights the growing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters and the resulting socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly in densely populated and resource-dependent societies. The study explains the conceptual and operational linkages between Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), emphasizing the need for their institutional and policy-level integration. It traces the evolution of India's disaster management framework from a relief-centric model to a proactive, prevention-oriented, and legally institutionalized system under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, supported by national and state-level authorities and specialized response forces. The paper reviews India's disaster profile, covering major hazards such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, and landslides, and discusses mitigation, preparedness, response, and capacity-building measures aligned with global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It argues that effective risk governance requires inter-agency coordination, knowledge-sharing platforms, regional cooperation, and continuous monitoring mechanisms. The article concludes by recommending stronger institutional convergence of DRR and CCA policies, enhanced resilience-building, and regional collaboration across South Asia to address emerging climate risks and ensure sustainable development.

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Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR); Climate Change Adaptation (CCA); Disaster Management in India; Climate-related Disasters; Risk Governance; Institutional Framework; Sendai Framework; Resilience Building; Mitigation and Preparedness; South Asia.

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Abstract: This research paper explores the constitutional rights of minorities in India, focussing on the contemporary challenges faced by them, and various measures adopted by the government from time to time for their protection. The paper examines the significance of minority rights in India, threats against the minorities in Contemporary Indian Society. Even while the Constitution guarantees fundamental rights, there are still a number of societal issues and gaps in policy execution, which raise concerns about how these rights will actually be implemented in practice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Minority rights, Indian Constitution, Contemporary Challenges,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition