Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the role of democratic politicians and political factors in shaping the trends of international relationships between South Asian and North American countries. It seeks to understand how democratic leadership, political ideologies, bilateral agreements, and geopolitical interests impact diplomatic and economic ties. With a focus on case studies from India, Pakistan, the United States, and Canada, the research analyzes both historical and contemporary factors that define these complex and evolving relationships.

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 Keywords

Democratic Politicians, Political Factors, South Asian Country' Integration, International Relationship Dynamics

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Nursing administration plays a pivotal role in ensuring efficient healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the competency levels of nursing professionals in administration across various healthcare settings in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 250 nurses from public and private hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire focusing on knowledge, skills, and practices in nursing administration. Results revealed significant gaps in administrative knowledge and practice, particularly in resource management and leadership. The study underscores the need for targeted training and policy interventions to enhance nursing administrative competencies in Bangladesh.

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 Keywords

Nursing administration, competency, Bangladesh, healthcare management, professional development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bangabandhu Sheikh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh, is widely regarded as the architect of the nation's independence and a central figure in its political and cultural identity. This paper examines his role in the creation of Bangladesh, focusing on his leadership during the independence movement, his political vision, and his post-independence governance. The study explores key milestones such as the Six-Point Movement, the 1970 general elections, his pivotal March 7, 1971 speech, and his symbolic leadership during the Liberation War. It also delves into his tenure as the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh, analyzing his efforts to rebuild the country and the challenges he faced, including economic instability, political opposition, and the controversial shift towards one-party rule under BKSAL. Drawing on historical analysis and qualitative research, the paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's leadership, highlighting his vision for a democratic, secular, and socialist Bangladesh. The findings reveal the complexities of his legacy, which, while grounded in his monumental contribution to independence, is also marked by the tensions and contradictions of post-independence governance. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for future research and political reflection, emphasizing the importance of understanding Sheikh Mujib's legacy in shaping Bangladesh's political identity and guiding its future development.

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 Keywords

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladesh's Independence, Bangladesh's Political History, Political Leadership, Bangladesh Constitution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other vertebrates. Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches.In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria. Human malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the Plasmodium group.It is spread exclusively through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood.The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce.Five species of Plasmodium commonly infect humansThe three species associated with more severe cases are P. falciparum P. vivax, and P. knowlesi P. ovale and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests.

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Malaria, parasites, mosquitoes. Protozoa ,ovale.

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Tribulus terrestris L., commonly known as Gokharu or Gokshura, is an herb belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae, found in diverse global regions, particularly in arid and warm areas. Known for its distinct spiny fruit, it has traditional medicinal applications across systems such as Ayurveda, Chinese, Siddha and Unani. Its phytochemical composition includes saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids, which have been linked to its medicinal properties. Research highlights its pharmacological activities, including aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, diuretic and anti-urolithic effects, which support its use in treating genitourinary disorders, sexual dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Modern studies indicate that Gokharu shows potential in clinical applications like managing benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes-related complications and nephrolithiasis. Given its versatility, Gokharu remains a promising candidate for further therapeutic research and development.

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Tribulus terrestris, Gokharu, Traditional medicine, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Nephrolithiasis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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These days, time is more valuable than money, and a lot of the construction approaches we use also have long construction timelines. The rapid way of erection of steel structural structures has made them a revolution in the modern era of construction. It is best to base your building type decision on the right conditions and functional needs in order to have a wise and efficient structure design. The study titled "Comparative study on design of Steel Structures and RCC frame Structures of flat slab system based on columns span" can assist us in selecting the construction method that best fits the given circumstances and architecture. The main goal of this study is focused on the crucial element, or column span, which can be just as important in determining a building's cost as its height when it comes to structural analysis and design. The design and analysis of steel structures with long and short column spans, as well as RCC structures with flat slab systems, are compared in this article. In this project, ETABS-2021 software is used for the design and analysis of the G + 10 RCC Structure of the flat slab system and the steel structure.

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Steel structure, RC structure of flat slab system, Comparison, ETABS.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the rise of sophisticated cyberattacks, organizational structures worldwide are changing to a total focus on cybersecurity. Two of the most significant methods for identifying vulnerabilities before malevolent forces can exploit them include ethical hacking and penetration testing. In the past two years, AI and ML have dramatically changed the face of penetration testing: automation makes difficult tasks simpler, previously hidden patterns become discoverable, and overall, it boosts efficiency. This research paper surveys the use of AI and ML within ethical hacking, particularly focusing on penetration testing. We consider the range of applications and tools as well as the range of challenges and the related ethical dilemmas that would arise from using these technologies.

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Ethical Hacking, Penetration Testing, Cybersecurity, AI (Artificial Intelligence), ML (Machine Learning), Vulnerability Detection, Automation, Cyberattacks, Network Security, Nmap, Wireshark, John the Ripper, Burp Suite, Vulnerability Scanning, Attack Simulation, Dual-use Ethical Dilemma, Data Privacy, Bias in AI, Future of Cybersecurity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Migraine continues to rank as the second leading cause of disability globally. Diagnosing migraine largely relies on a patient's medical history, though physical exams may sometimes be used to exclude other potential conditions. Migraines are generally categorized by whether or not they are accompanied by aura, and the number of headache days per month helps to differentiate between episodic and chronic migraine. Effective management often involves both acute treatments to address immediate symptoms and preventive therapies to reduce the frequency of future episodes. This review draws on recent data to offer a thorough understanding of migraine..

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Migraine, Headache, Chronic Migraine, Stress, Treatment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the potential improvements offered by a passive triple spring damper suspension system as a replacement for the traditional dual spring damper mechanism in the rear wheel of motorcycles. The research aims to enhance rider safety and comfort by analyzing the performance of this innovative suspension configuration using a four-degree-of-freedom (4DOF) numerical model. By simulating the behavior of dual and triple spring systems under standard road disturbances, such as bumps and dips, the study evaluates key suspension characteristics, including comfort, road-holding, and stability. Results indicate that the triple spring system significantly reduces peak accelerations and displacements at the motorcycle's centroid while improving rear tire road-holding capabilities. Furthermore, the addition of a medium stiffness spring facilitates a smoother transition between soft and hard spring states, leading to enhanced suspension performance. The findings underscore the potential of triple spring configurations to improve the safety and user experience of motorcycles, contributing valuable insights to the field of motorcycle dynamics and suspension design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Motorcycle, Numerical model, Suspension, Dual Spring, Triple Spring, Road holding.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Present status

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CWSN

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition