Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Amphotericin B, a polyene macrolide antifungal, has been a cornerstone in the treatment of systemic fungal infections for decades. Its unique mechanism of action, involving the binding to ergosterol and disruption of fungal cell membranes, ensures a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. Despite its efficacy against life-threatening mycoses, the clinical utility of Amphotericin B is often limited by significant adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions. Advances in pharmaceutical formulations, such as liposomal Amphotericin B, have addressed these challenges to some extent by improving its safety profile. This paper reviews the history, pharmacology, clinical applications, and limitations of Amphotericin B, highlighting recent innovations and future directions for enhancing its therapeutic potential. While its legacy as a life-saving antifungal remains uncontested, ongoing research is crucial to overcome resistance and optimize its clinical use in a rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.

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Amphotericin - B, Antifungal therapy, Systemic fungal infection, Lipid formulation, Nephrotoxicity

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This research paper explores the critical role of Educational Ecology in fostering a positive classroom climate, a vital component for effective teaching and learning. A positive classroom climate is characterized by supportive interactions among students and between teachers and students, which enhances student engagement, motivation, and overall academic success. The paper explores how various ecological factors--including physical environment, social dynamics, and institutional practices--interact to shape the emotional and social atmosphere of the classroom. Educational ecology refers to the intricate web of relationships and influences within educational settings that impact learning experiences. This includes not only the physical layout of the classroom but also the interpersonal relationships that develop among students and between students and teachers. Research has shown that a positive classroom climate leads to improved academic outcomes, reduced anxiety, and increased student satisfaction. For example, classrooms where teachers establish warm and inclusive relationships tend to foster higher levels of student participation and collaboration. The paper identifies several key dimensions of educational ecology that contribute to a positive classroom climate. These include personalization, where students feel recognized as individuals; involvement, which encourages active participation; and student cohesiveness, which promotes a sense of community among peers. Additionally, the role of clear communication, mutual respect, and shared expectations is emphasized as essential for creating an inclusive environment where all students feel valued. To cultivate a positive classroom climate, educators are encouraged to implement specific strategies that enhance educational ecology. These strategies include setting clear behavioral expectations, fostering open communication, and providing opportunities for collaborative learning. By actively engaging students in decision-making processes regarding classroom activities and norms, teachers can empower students, giving them a sense of ownership over their learning environment. Moreover, this paper highlights the importance of adaptability in teaching practices. Educators must be attuned to the diverse needs of their students, including those with special educational needs (SEN). By organizing group work thoughtfully and rearranging seating arrangements to minimize cliques, teachers can create an atmosphere that supports inclusivity and belonging. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of Educational Ecology in shaping a positive classroom climate. By recognizing the interconnectedness of various ecological factors and their influence on student interactions, educators can create nurturing environments that promote not only academic success but also social-emotional development. This conceptual framework serves as a guide for future research and practical applications aimed at enhancing classroom climates across diverse educational contexts.

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Educational Ecology, Classroom Climate, Inclusive relationships, Collaborative learning

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Hatha yoga is renowned for six cleansing techniques namely Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli and Kapalbhati; that help for maintaining equilibrium of tridoshas in the body. Trataka is a kriya well-known for improving concentration and controlling the mind- stuff. It is also renowned for its therapeutic application. Trataka kriya has the potential to induce a relaxation response and relieve tension, making it a useful tool for improving mental health.

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Trataka, Hatha Yoga, Kriya

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Now a day, the socioeconomic status has been changed a lot so people are now aware and more concerned about their health. They have knowledge about the detrimental effects of synthetic products. That is why they are interested in natural product. Utilization of natural product of plant origin having fewer side effects has gained popularity over the years. There is immense scope for natural products that can intimate health benefits beyond traditional nutrients. Sahjan has been used for centuries due to its medicinal properties and health benefits. Sahjan leaves have been found to contain the majority of essential nutrients required to maintain good health. Sahjan leaf is rich in multiple minerals and vitamins including iron, vitamin A and vitamin C. moreover sahjan may help to resolve multiple malnutrition problems as it contains all essential amino acids, the building block for the protein crucial to cell growth and metabolism. Especially infant and children are benefitted more through high nutrient content of leaves. Advanced modern medical science has no doubt extended the life span of the human, but the new upcoming health problems are also awaiting their solution. Humans have to suffer many problems related with health in day to day life. To overcome these problems he has to keep his body and mind strong and healthy. The nutritional requirement of human body reflects the nutritional intake necessary to maintain optimal body function and to meet the body daily energy needs. Need to study- Every part of sahjan has useful properties which can serve mankind and it can be one of the promising plants for further research activities. I aimed to explores and evaluate the effect of consumptions of sahjan (moringa) across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with nutrition and prominent pharmacological properties of this "Miracle Tree" along with a regular diet.

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Nutrition, life span, insufficient, balance of body, Sahjan

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The aim of this study is to examine the influence of cultural identity on the demand for handloom and handcrafted textiles in the Delhi market. With the growing emphasis on preserving traditional crafts and promoting sustainability within the Indian fashion industry, this study explores how cultural values shape consumer preferences and buying behaviours. By applying behavioural models, the report investigates the motivations behind consumer choices, as well as the challenges, opportunities, and emerging trends in the sector. Additionally, it highlights how policy changes, consumer education, and technological innovations can support the growth of the handloom industry.

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Present consumer trends, handloom, handmade materials, sustainable fashion, and purchasing habits.

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The materials such as ordinary Portland cement, river sand, quarry dust, coarse aggregate, fly ash, silica fume, Super plasticizer, Polypropylene fiber and locally available potable water were used in the present work. All these materials were tested using the relevant standard methods prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards. The SCC-QD and SCC-RS binary as well as ternary blended mixes are tested for filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance as per the guidelines prescribed by EFNARC. Further, the mechanical properties of hardened SCC such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength have also been evaluated. Also, the durability characteristics of SCC-QD mixes such as sorptivity, chloride resistance, sulphate resistance, and acid resistance have been studied. It is evident that 20% of FA or 15% of SF is the optimum percentage to replace the cement to impart maximum strength to SCC-RS mixes. However, in the case of SCC-QD mixes, 30% of FA or 5% of SF is the optimum percentage to replace the cement to provide maximum strength to concrete. Among the binary blended SCC, the QD-FA30 mix has exhibited highest strength of 58 MPa, followed RS-SF15 mix with 52 MPa. In the case of ternary blended mixes , the QD-SF15-FA10 mix yielded maximum strength of 50 MPa. Further, all SCC-QD mixes exhibited remarkably low sorptivity and thereby higher durability than control mix. Also, among all the SCC-QD mixes, binary blended SCC-QD-SF mixes have demonstrated relatively low sorptivity and higher durability than other mixes. It is followed by ternary blended SCC - QD and binary belnded SCC-QD-FA.

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Polypropylene fiber; sorptivity; silica fume.

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The proposed system offers an efficient solution for real-time weather monitoring in the Karnataka region by leveraging IoT technology. It utilizes multiple sensors to collect data on key environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure, which is then processed by a NodeMCU controller. The system operates on a client-server architecture, enabling the transmission of sensor data via a serial monitor to a cloud platform, making the data publicly accessible. Users can monitor weather conditions remotely from any location, without reliance on specific applications or websites. The system demonstrates improved accuracy and reliability over traditional weather monitoring methods, providing valuable, real-time insights into environmental conditions for better decision-making and analysis.

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IoT, Weather Monitoring, Sensors, NodeMCU, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Rainfall, Cloud Computing.

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This study evaluated the benefits and service challenges experienced by Social Security System (SSS) pensioners in Balanga City, Bataan, Philippines. As social welfare programs, particularly pension schemes, are critical for the economic security of elderly and vulnerable populations, this research highlights how the Philippine SSS provides essential retirement, disability, and death benefits. It places the study within the broader context of global population aging and the resultant pressures on pension systems, noting the unique challenges that developing nations, like the Philippines, face due to limited institutional and financial resources. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study engaged 150 pensioners through surveys and interviews to evaluate their awareness, satisfaction, and accessibility to pension benefits. Findings indicate that while awareness of the SSS's core benefits--particularly retirement and death benefits--was generally adequate, many pensioners lacked a thorough understanding of eligibility conditions and technical details like calculation methods for disability percentages. Participants frequently cited administrative inefficiencies, such as bureaucratic delays, processing errors, and inadequate communication, as significant obstacles that impacted their ability to consistently access benefits. In rural and semi-urban settings, additional barriers arose, including limited digital literacy, restricted access to information, and logistical challenges in visiting SSS offices, which often led to missed benefits or delays. The study underscores the need for SSS to improve service delivery through clearer communication on eligibility and benefit calculation, simplified administrative processes, and outreach efforts to enhance digital literacy and service access in remote areas. These recommendations aim to bolster pensioners' understanding of their entitlements, reduce delays, and foster greater trust in the SSS, ultimately contributing to improved financial security and well-being among elderly Filipinos.

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Social Welfare

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Abstract: Friction occurring between the surfaces of two objects in contact, under the action of force parallel to surfaces in contact is known as static friction. Kinetic friction occurs between objects in contact, one moving with respect to the other. Several experiments have been conducted and theories have been put forth in order to explain the phenomenon of friction. Most famous laws of friction tell us that the frictional force only depends on mass of the object and nature of surface but not on the surface area in contact. There are some theories which give the dependence of surface area in contact on the load for cylindrical surfaces. Thus this dependence of frictional force on surface area is linked to and leads to dependence on mass. In the present work dependence of static frictional force on the surface area of the object in contact is investigated, separate from its dependence on mass. Experiments are performed on five series of wooden blocks comprising of total 35 blocks and two series of Perspex blocks comprising of 12 blocks. The results show that static frictional force is directly proportional to load. In addition results show that static frictional force is linearly dependent on surface area in contact. This dependence on surface area in contact is not linked to dependence on mass but is separate from dependence on mass. Accordingly, modified laws of friction are proposed.

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modified laws of friction are proposed

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the suitability of kaolinite clay collected from hyderabad, India, as pozzolana in making concrete. The characteristics of OPC, FA, CA, and water were studied to assess their suitability to use in concrete. Mineralogical and physical properties natural kaolin clay collected from Cretaceous (CCK & CCT) and Tertiary system (TCN) were analyzed to find out their acceptability as pozzolona to use in concrete. Later, natural kaolin was calcinated at 400oC, 600oC and 800oC temperature over a period of 4 and 6 hour duration to find out optimum calcination temperature and calcination duration to convert natural kaolin into meta-kaolin. Subsequently, an effort has been made to determine the influence of meta-kaolin on characteristics of MK-OPC blended cement such as consistency, setting time and compressive strength. Further, MK concrete mixes were designed using guidelines prescribed by IS: 10262-2009. Subsequently effect of MK on workability of fresh concrete and also properties of hardened concrete such as compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of concrete were analyzed. Later, CCK15MK concrete mixes were made assess its influence on structural performance of reinforced concrete and also durability in terms of acid resistance, sulfate resistance, chloride resistance, etc. Finally microstructure analysis using x-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was carried out on CCK15, CCT15, and TCN15 mixes to find the influence of meta-kaolin on performance of concrete.

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 Keywords

kaolin clay; metakaolin; Tertiary system.

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