Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The development of any village, city, or country in the modern era depends significantly on electrical energy. While fossil fuels have been a primary energy source, they contribute heavily to pollution, suffer from efficiency losses, and are limited in availability. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro offer a cleaner, sustainable, and inexhaustible alternative. This study models a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system and employs the Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to ensure consistent energy output. The system's performance is evaluated under varying solar irradiance and load conditions, demonstrating its ability to provide stable energy for diverse applications. This work underscores the importance of MPPT in optimizing solar energy systems for sustainable energy solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar PV, MPPT, Insolation, Insolation, Perturb and Observation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to enhance the accuracy of the YOLOv8 model in object detection, focusing mainly on addressing the limitations of detecting objects in varied image types, particularly for small objects. The proposed strategy of this work incorporates the Context Attention Block (CAB) to effectively locate and identify small objects in images. Furthermore, the proposed work improves the feature extraction capability without increasing model complexity by increasing the thickness of the Coarse-to-Fine(C2F) block. In addition, Spatial Attention (SA) has been modified to accelerate detection performance. The enhanced YOLOv8 model (Namely YOLOv8-CAB) strongly emphasizes the performance of detecting smaller objects by leveraging the CAB block to exploit multiscale feature maps and iterative feedback, thereby optimizing object detection mechanisms. As a result, the innovative design facilitates superior feature extraction, "especially the weak features," contextual information preservation, and efficient feature fusion. Rigorous testing on the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique. It is resulting in a remarkable improvement over standard YOLO models. The YOLOv8-CAB model achieved a mean average precision of 97% of detecting rate, indicating a 1% increase compared to conventional models. This study highlights the capabilities of our improved YOLOv8 method in detecting objects, representing a breakthrough that sets the stage for advancements in real-time object detection techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Object Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nicotine Dependency, Tobacco Addiction, Youth, Adolescents, Emerging Adults

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

My previous research paper demonstrates the importance of attending to styles, practicality, and the blending of working and living space through a consideration of home office arrangements for interior designers. It solves issues such as the following: how does the project promote sustainability, how does it address privacy issues, and how can space be managed effectively? To enhance professionalism and productivity standards within the framework of the environmental directives of the research, the study focuses on the aspects of zonings ergonomics, and inventions. For a variety of needs, solutions such as smart technologies and flexible furniture. As a result, the study focuses on the importance of embodied, adaptive, and creative home offices for sustained gain and client engagement. In this research paper, I will describe important aspects of the interior design style, finishes, and materials related to the project described in the previous research paper by this author. In the next section, I will explain the rationale for these decisions as well as what impact they have on the character of the design.

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 Keywords

1. Bohemian interior style 2. Bamboo 3. Sustainability 4. Frosted glass

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Menstrual hygiene management waste is a widespread issue not only in India but also in several other countries. In the last few decades, menstrual hygiene management has become a key topic in the country, and many non-biodegradable menstrual products have been introduced, like sanitary pads, tampons, etc. Although the usage of menstrual material is a personal choice of any woman, such non-biodegradable products are harmful to the environment in many ways. The present study discussed the major menstrual hygiene management products utilised by women and how they are disposing of these products in Dehra Gopipur town of District Kangra. The study was based on the descriptive research design. The data was collected from 124 women through an interview schedule. The study found that disposable sanitary pads were the most common (about 76%) menstrual products used by women. It also showed that women were disposing of menstrual materials inappropriately. The study concluded that the government promotes menstrual hygiene by providing biodegradable menstrual material to women, but it does not have a solution for appropriately disposing of them. The study suggested that the government should promote sustainable menstrual materials such as menstrual cups, reusable cotton pads, and menstrual underwear, which will reduce the cost of sanitary products while simultaneously minimising the waste generated from non-biodegradable menstrual materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Menstruation, waste, women, town, Himachal Pradesh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Malware attacks have become a continuous and evolving threat in the digital age, targeting individuals, enterprises, and governments. The ever-changing nature of the malware renders traditional security solutions ineffective for detecting and mitigating sophisticated attacks. Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as powerful tools to counter these challenges, enabling adaptive and intelligent detection systems. In many cases, malware attacks make a clear reflection of a common menace in the digital era, the attackers tend to devise very intricate ways for exploiting the vulnerabilities. Current techniques for detection do not avail good fight against advanced evasion such as polymorphism and zero-day attacks. Machine learning (ML) offers achievable strongholds against such threats, yet a number of challenges and the gaps remain. This paper identifies the gaps and existing methodologies while highlighting potential countermeasures on fresh discoveries from various peer-reviewed journal articles. This article presents a comprehensive survey of malware attacks, their classifications, attack vectors, and impacts. We explain the applicability of ML techniques in fighting malware, while discussing their effectiveness, shortcomings, and future research paths.

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 Keywords

Malware, attacks, types of malwares, machine learning, deep learning, malicious, benign, algorithms, android malware.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In their deep meditative state, our rishis explored the potential of sound, the power of sound to absorb the mind deeply while repeating harmonious sound frequencies in the form of mantras. In the meditation process, they experienced the power of harmonious frequencies, which could reverse the negative effects of the negative thoughts programmed in our subconscious. Hence, they developed a system called Nada Yoga, mainly to practice focused meditation. The yogis found that musical frequencies are not just a source of entertainment rather, they inherit higher purposes that can be achieved with the help of these frequencies in the state of Dhyana. A good amount of Vedantic literature elucidates the use of sound to attain spiritual bliss and asserts that the entire creation begins with the sound vibration or sphot. For past centuries, in Vedic culture, the sacred sounds, in the form of mantras or Kirtans, are used to pierce the sensual, mental and intellectual levels of existence to purify the body and mind and to attain divine enlightenment to become liberated.

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 Keywords

Musical Frequencies, Vibration, Beejmantra, Nadayoga, Consciousness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The universal phenomenon of the periodic marketing was distributed by transformation of the economy and rapid growth of urbanisation, and was replaced by permanent shops or markets in developed countries as well as in many parts of the developing world. A rural periodic market is the centre of the village, on which the social, economic and cultural activities of several villages depend. These markets are held periodically on same specific day or days of the week at same fixed locations and thus provide different goods and services to the rural masses. The variation of periodicity is a common feature of a rural periodic market. In Dakshin Dinajpur district, the periodic markets are organised either once, twice or trice in a week. These bi-weekly and tri-weekly markets lead to increase the market meeting day in a week. A Chi-square test is conducted to prove that the bi-weekly and tri-weekly markets lead to increase the market meeting for each day in a week above the expected meetings. The periodic markets are linked in space and time. This space-time relationship is called as spatio-temporal synchronisation. It is one of the important themes to explain the nature of periodic markets. A well-integrated marketing system should follow the most useful path 'Proximity in space implies separation in time' which derived by Fagerlund and Smith. This study is concerned with the periodicity and spatio-temporal character as well as their future prospects.

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 Keywords

Rural Periodic Markets, Periodicity, Spatio-Temporal Synchronisation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable design solutions has made natural materials like cork integral to innovative interior design. This paper explores the application of cork flooring and wall panels in skincare experience centers, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainability, enhancing sensory engagement, and achieving aesthetic excellence. The study highlights cork's unique properties, such as thermal and acoustic insulation, durability, and visual versatility, while also addressing challenges and solutions for its broader adoption. The findings demonstrate that integrating cork into skincare spaces aligns with modern eco-conscious values and elevates customer experiences.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Cork flooring, cork wall panels, sustainable interior design, skincare experience centers, sensory engagement, aesthetic design, acoustic insulation, thermal insulation, eco-friendly materials, biophilic design, renewable resources, customer experience, sustainable materials, functional aesthetics, design versatility, moisture resistance, smart interior systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Natural disasters are unavoidable phenomena that significantly impact economies, ecosystems, and human lives. Events such as tsunamis, earthquakes, and forest fires often lead to widespread devastation, including collapsed infrastructure, disease outbreaks, and loss of life. To address this challenge, we propose a multilayered deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of classifying natural disasters and determining their intensity. Our model processes input images, compares them with pre-trained datasets, and identifies the type and severity of the disaster with high accuracy. This approach enables faster decision-making and effective disaster response, offering a significant advancement in disaster management technologies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Convolutional neural network

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition