Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Pakshaghata a term in Ayurvedic literature, refers to a condition characterized by loss of function and weakness in one half of the body. It is regarded as predominately Vata Dosha Vyadhi. Factors such as Dosha involvement, Bala, and Vaya can impact the prognosis, with the face potentially involved. Current scientific theories suggest the brain controls motor functions, with cerebral vascular accidents being the primary cause of loss of bodily function. Ayurveda can be correlated with Pakshaghata because of the most similarity; on the other hand, Ayurveda treats both the underlying cause and symptoms of Pakshaghata with Samshodhana and Vata - Shamaka chikitsa. In the present case, the patient presented with right side Pakshaghata and was treated with Panchakarma therapy, which included Shirodhara, Nasya, Mukhabhyanga, Ksheerdhooma, Agnilepa, Vasti, and Shaman Aushadhi. Initially, Nasya, Mukhabhyanga, and Ksheerdhooma were given for 7 days. Shirodhara, Sarvang Abhyanga, Nadisweda, Agnilepa for 13 days, and Vasti for 5 days. Then the patient was discharged with oral medication and then came to follow up after 25 days. After treatment, patients get significant results.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pakshaghata, Dosha, Samshamana, Samshodhana.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease, initiated by bacteria, that results in the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Among the periodontal diseases, periodontitis remains one of the leading cause which is characterised by chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Traditional treatment therapy to eradicate the cause are supra-gingival scaling, sub-gingival curettage and root planning. These therapies focus on mechanical debridement and anti-infective strategies. Exosomes play a vital role in tissue regeneration. Exosomes are small extra cellular vesicles which are secreted by various cell types. Exosomes are of two types natural exosomes and engineered exosomes. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cells, including mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs), dendritic cells(DCs), B cells, T cells and mast cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells show higher potential ability in the regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. Mesenchymal stem cells have healing and immunomodulatory properties which allows them to be widely used in the field of medicine. The common source of MSCs are bone marrow(BM-MSCs), dental pulp(DPSCs), periodontal ligament(PDLSCs) and gingiva(GMSCs). The use of Exosome-based strategies in medicine and dentistry is associated due to their high potential.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Exosome, stem cells, periodontitis, periodontal regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

CivicWatch is a mobile platform designed to empower citizens to report and track local infrastructure issues--such as potholes, broken streetlights, garbage dumps, waterlogging, and other public safety concerns. The core objective of the platform is to bridge the gap between the public and local governing bodies through a community-driven approach. Users can capture images of civic issues using their smartphone cameras. Each photo is automatically tagged with timestamp and GPS location metadata, ensuring authenticity and context. The issue is then uploaded to the app, where other users can view, upvote, verify, or report similar problems at the same location. Once an issue receives a threshold number of validations or upvotes (e.g., 10), it is escalated and forwarded to the relevant local authority through an integrated notification system. The platform features an issue status tracker (Reported -> Verified -> Notified -> Resolved) that allows users to monitor progress. To encourage participation, a gamification system is implemented, offering points, badges, and leaderboard rankings for active users. An admin dashboard enables governing bodies to view and prioritize reports based on severity, location density, and public votes. Security and privacy are prioritized by ensuring data is only collected with user consent and no continuous background tracking is performed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart City Application; Civic Issue Reporting; Community Participation; Mobile Application Development; Geo-tagged Reporting; GPS & Timestamping; Google Maps API; Firebase; Real-time Status Tracking; Crowdsourced Validation; Gamification; Urban Infrastructure Management; E-Governance Platform; Cloud-Based System.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical global public health challenges, threatening the effective prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The rapid evolution of resistant microorganisms is primarily driven by the overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents in human medicine, veterinary practice, agriculture, and inadequate infection control measures. This resistance compromises the efficacy of conventional therapies, leading to prolonged illnesses, increased mortality, and escalating healthcare costs. Recent advances in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of AMR--such as target modification, enzymatic drug inactivation, efflux pump overexpression, and biofilm formation--have provided valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Significant progress has been made in pharmacological management through the introduction of new antimicrobial agents, combination therapies, and ?-lactam/?-lactamase inhibitor formulations that enhance activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In addition, alternative approaches including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, immunomodulators, drug repurposing, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are being actively explored to overcome resistance. Advances in rapid diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial stewardship programs further support rational drug use and timely, targeted therapy. This review highlights recent developments in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and evaluates contemporary pharmacological interventions aimed at combating resistant infections, emphasizing the need for integrated global efforts to control and mitigate the growing threat of AMR.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance, Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens, Pharmacological Management, Novel Antimicrobial Agents, Antimicrobial Stewardship

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The idea that music is capable of influencing the creating process of the art product is not new because this view appears to have been widely held by a lot of professional and budding artists. Whereas this view remains what it is, a considerable number of artists also believe that playing music, irrespective of the genre, distracts the artist, especially during the creative process. These two variables are the crux of the matter as the authors discuss and cite instances in which music, despite it been said to be food for the soul becomes a "Noise" that causes distraction in art making process with particular reference to painting.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Art, Music, Artist, Inspiration, Creativity, Noise, Rhythm.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Oral drug delivery is the most preferred and convenient option as the oral route provides maximum active surface area among all drug delivery system for administration of various drugs. The attractiveness of these dosage forms is due to awareness to toxicity and ineffectiveness of drugs when administered by oral conventional method in the form of tablets & capsules. Usually conventional dosage form produces wide range of fluctuation in drug concentration in the bloodstream and tissues with consequent undesirable toxicity and poor efficiency. The maintenance of concentration of drug in plasma within therapeutic index is very critical for effective treatment. These factors as well as factors such as repetitive dosing and unpredictable absorption lead to the concept of oral Sustained release drug delivery systems. Sustained release drug delivery system works on many different mechanisms to control the release rate of drugs. Developing oral sustained release matrix tablets for drug with constant release rate has always been a challenge to the pharmaceutical technologist. Drug release through matrix system is determined by Water penetration, Polymer swelling, Drug dissolution, Drug diffusion, Matrix erosion have been utilized as formulation approaches. The present article contains brief review on various formulation approaches for Sustained release drug delivery system.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Matrix type system, oral drug delivery system, reservoir system, sustained release drug delivery system

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Family planning plays an essential role in reducing maternal and infant mortality, preventing unplanned pregnancies, and promoting reproductive health. Despite continuous government efforts, awareness levels among adults in certain communities remain inadequate. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding family planning program among adults residing in a selected community of Balluana, Abohar, Punjab. A descriptive research design was adopted, and 100 adults were selected through non-probability sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. Major findings revealed that a significant proportion of adults had only average knowledge regarding family planning services, available contraceptive methods, and the benefits of birth spacing. The study highlights the need for community-based awareness programs and the distribution of simplified guidelines to enhance knowledge and promote informed decision-making related to reproductive health.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Family planning, Adults, Knowledge, Contraception, Reproductive health

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder often associated with altered scapular mechanics, reduced upper limb strength, and cervical spine dysfunction. Neck-related impairments may influence upper extremity function and contribute to persistent shoulder symptoms. Objective: To determine the correlation among the Neck Disability Index (NDI), grip strength, and scapular position in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on individuals diagnosed with SIS. Neck disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index. Grip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and scapular position was evaluated using a standardized clinical assessment method. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship among NDI scores, grip strength, and scapular position. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between NDI scores and altered scapular position, indicating increased neck disability with greater scapular malalignment. A significant negative correlation was found between NDI scores and grip strength, suggesting reduced hand strength with higher neck disability. Additionally, altered scapular position demonstrated a significant association with decreased grip strength. Conclusion: The findings suggest that neck disability, grip strength, and scapular position are interrelated in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and integrated rehabilitation approaches addressing cervical spine function, scapular control, and upper limb strength in the management of SIS.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Subacromial impingement syndrome, Neck Disability Index, grip strength, scapular position.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive inflammation of synovial joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and ultimately irreversible joint destruction if not managed appropriately. Over the past decades, RA has been recognized not only as a joint-specific disease but also as a systemic condition that affects various organs, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological systems. The pathogenesis of RA is exceptionally complex, involving a multifactorial interaction of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, immune dysregulation, and aberrant cellular signaling pathways. The immune system, which normally protects the body from pathogens, mistakenly identifies components of the synovial membrane as foreign, triggering a cascade of inflammatory reactions. This autoimmune attack is mediated by a combination of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), all of which participate in driving chronic inflammation. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are central mediators of RA pathogenesis. These cytokines amplify inflammatory responses, recruit additional immune cells to the synovial tissue, and stimulate enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone. The synovium, which is normally a thin, delicate membrane, becomes thickened and hyperplastic, forming an invasive tissue known as pannus. This pannus aggressively expands across joint surfaces, eroding cartilage and bone through the activation of osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinases. Over time, this destruction leads to joint deformity, functional impairment, and significant disability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RheumatoidArthritis, Hyperplasia, JointDestruction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence and Automation are dramatically reshaping the activities of a world of business and work. While greater productivity from these systems is reflected on one side, job and skill mismatch is seen on the flip side. This investigates the ways in which AI and automation influence labor dynamics in similar industries and how reskilling and upskilling mechanisms can assist workers. Primary data collection for this research took place using an online survey among workers in the manufacturing, healthcare, and service industries as well as human resource practitioners and industry experts, making use of quantitative methods for data analysis. The statistical content analysis was employed making use of SPSS software encompassing test for reliability, demographic analysis, ANOVA, and regression models. The ANOVA assessed sector-level differences in job creation, skill transitions, employee adaptation, employee productivity, respectively, while regression tests assessed how things like support for employees and in training program effectiveness influenced participation of employees. The conclusions drawn offer encouraging news about the changing shape of labor markets, increasing productivity, and labor market polarization and the role that AI and Automation will play in this. Strong reskilling and organizational support programs are huge incentives in making the most out of these changes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Automation, Workforce Transformation, Digital Economy, Reskilling and Upskilling

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition