Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

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Needle Stick Injury

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Waste management is now one of the main issues facing the world regardless of advanced or developing countries. The main problem in waste management is that the waste bin in government locations is overflowed well in advance before the next cleaning method starts. This project focuses on designing and implementing a smart garbage monitoring system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system leverages the ESP8266 microcontroller, IR sensors, and cloud-based communication to address inefficiencies in waste management processes. Each garbage bin is equipped with IR sensors that continuously monitor the waste level. When the waste level exceeds a predefined threshold, the ESP8266 processes the data and triggers an automated email notification to the system administrator, indicating the bin's location and status. The use of the ESP8266, a low-cost and Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller, ensures seamless communication with cloud services. The system integrates a lightweight SMTP client library to send email notifications, ensuring the admin receives real-time alerts. This enables prompt action, reduces manual monitoring efforts, and prevents bin overflow, thus contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. The solution is designed to be scalable and cost-effective, making it suitable for deployment in urban, suburban, and industrial areas. It incorporates a robust architecture, allowing additional features like GPS tracking, solar-powered sensors, or predictive waste analytics to be added in the future. By leveraging IoT technology, this smart garbage monitoring system promotes efficient resource utilization and aligns with smart city initiatives, paving the way for more sustainable waste management practices.

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Smart Garbage management system, smart city, automated garbage management system

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This article is prepared to continue the Transdermal patches of pantoprazole studies which was covered in our earlier article published in International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2024, IJFMR240631777. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro drug release characteristics of the transdermal patches of proton pump inhibitor (PPI). An in vitro permeation study was carried out by using Franz diffusion cell using full-thickness abdominal skin of male Wistar rat weighing 200 to 250 g [26]. Pantoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver, and to overcome these problems the current study was aimed as In-Vitro skin permeability studies of Transdermal patches. In this study different polymers (HPMCE5 with PVPK30 and HPMCE5 with EudragitL100) used in different ratios. Solvent evaporation methods were used to fabricate the transdermal patches [1]. Patches were assessed for In vitro permeation study. The in vitro drug release characteristics of the formulated transdermal patches were studied by using a cellulose acetate membrane. The in vitro skin permeability studies showed that 96.26 % of drug Pantoprazole sodium permeated through the rat abdominal skin in 24h. The kinetic studies were carried out and it was found that all the formulations follow zero-order and the release mechanism of drugs was found to be diffusion rate-limited, Non-Fickian mechanism which was confirmed by Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

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Peptic ulcer; Proton pump inhibitor (PPI); Pantoprazole sodium, Invitro study

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This study explores the challenges faced by hospital administrators in managing healthcare facilities, focusing on policies, practices, and overall performance. The study examines key issues such as financial management, patient care quality, staffing, compliance with regulations, and the integration of technology. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and interviews with hospital administrators, medical staff, and patients. The findings reveal the complexities of balancing administrative duties with healthcare delivery and provide recommendations for improving hospital administration practices to enhance both operational efficiency and patient outcomes.

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Hospital Administration, Healthcare Policy, Healthcare Practices, Performance Management, Hospital Challenges, Healthcare Management

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Carica papaya, also known as papaya, is a plant that belongs to the Caricaceae family. It has a wide range of compounds and biomolecules that have important industrial, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. It has been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare rituals. The fruit's pulp, seeds, and extracts possess a rich composition of vitamins, minerals, and enzymes, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic applications. The antioxidant, antiacne, and anti-aging properties of Carica papaya make it an excellent addition to skincare products, face masks, hair care treatments, and other cosmetic formulations. This review aims to explore the potential of Carica papaya in the cosmetic industry, emphasizing its natural, sustainable, and effective uses for achieving healthy and radiant skin and hair. This review carefully emphasised the morphology, microscopy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological significance of Carica papaya. A large amount of research data was carefully examined from reliable sources like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in order to compile relevant information about the plant.

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carica papaya, cosmetic, skincare, herbal formulation, market study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Key word: Rambha palace, Utkal Union Conference, Odisha Unification

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Thisreport proposesa groundbreaking approachto enhancetheaccuracyoftheSarcasm Detection in Text, focusing mainlyonaddressingthe limitationsofdetectingobjectsinvaried text types. Accurate sarcasm detection is crucial for improving the performance of sentiment analysis systems and other natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as chatbots, social media analysis, and content moderation. This paper explores various methodologies for detecting sarcasm in text, ranging from traditional machine learning techniques to state-of-the-art deep learning models. I also examine the role of contextual and semantic features, such as user behavior, conversational history, and linguistic patterns, in enhancing sarcasm detection accuracy. My findings highlight the importance of integrating domain-specific knowledge with advanced computational approaches to address the inherent complexities of sarcasm in text effectively.

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Sarcasm detection, Sentiment analysis, Natural language processing (NLP), Machine learning, Deep learning

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Bharat Me Krishi Utpado Me Neuntam Samarthan Mulyo Ki Vidhik Avdharna : Aavshakta Aur Kathnayi

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Bharat Me Krishi Utpado Me Neuntam Samarthan Mulyo Ki Vidhik Avdharna : Aavshakta Aur Kathnayi

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Sustainable agriculture and food security should be considered if the country is aiming for economic development. Youth has a big role to play in it, they are the hope of the future, the wealth of the nation. This research intends to examine deeply the involvement of youth in progress and development of sustainable agriculture, food security, and the issue of youth unemployment. It assesses the barriers and opportunities for youth participation in agribusiness and sustainable agriculture, by reviewing most cited research and publications for the past twenty (20) years. This study will be useful to the academicians, researchers, decision makers and government officials if they need to know the vital role of youth in agribusiness, sustainable agriculture, and food security. The significant findings, key results of the researchers and authors about main topic were carefully chosen and assessed to come up with a valuable contribution to literature review.

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youth; unemployed youth, agribusiness, sustainable agriculture, food security.

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In this survey paper, we explore the SignSpeak system, which translates audio in English and text to Indian Sign Language (ISL) and associates it with Telugu subtitles. Techniques and technologies are explored and compared for their effectiveness in increasing translation accuracy and enhancing user interaction for better engagement. The vision for this project is to break communication barriers, making life a little bit easier for the Telugu-speaking community

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian Sign Language (ISL),Natural Language Processing (NLP),Audio-to-Sign Conversion,Telugu Subtitles,Audio Recognition,Web Application,Language Conversion,Text Summarization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition