Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This study explores the evolution, structure, significance, and challenges of Distance Education in India, with a focus on its role in expanding access to education. Distance learning has emerged as a crucial mode of education in a country characterized by vast geography, socio-economic diversity, and unequal access to traditional education systems. The research outlines the objectives, methodology, and key institutions involved in promoting Open and Distance Learning (ODL), such as IGNOU and various State Open Universities. It further examines the advantages of ODL--including flexibility, affordability, and inclusivity--while also addressing critical challenges such as digital disparity, quality assurance, and lack of interaction. The study proposes practical measures to overcome these barriers and highlights the relevance of ODL in the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Overall, the paper concludes that distance education is an essential tool for democratizing education and fostering lifelong learning, especially in developing countries like India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Education, Distance, Chhalenges, Online, Technology, Resource

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of leadership behaviour of B.Ed. college principals on the organizational climate of B.Ed. colleges. The study considers Leadership Behaviour as the independent variable and Organizational Climate as the dependent variable, with Gender, Type of Management and Locality as background variables. A sample of 130 B.Ed. teacher educators from colleges affiliated with Bangalore Collegiate Education across Bangalore Urban and Rural Districts was selected. The data were collected using self-developed standardized tools-the Leadership Behaviour Scale and the Organizational Climate Scale for B.Ed. Colleges. The data were analyzed using independent 't' test and correlation techniques with the help of SPSS and MS Excel. The level of significance was set at 0.05 and 0.01. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between leadership behaviour and organizational climate. With respect to background variables, no significant difference was found based on gender. However, private aided colleges exhibited a more favorable organizational climate compared to private unaided colleges. Similarly, urban colleges were found to have a better organizational climate than their rural counterparts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Leadership Behaviour organizational Climate, B.Ed. Colleges, Teacher Educators.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Conception of Sign

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Conception of Sign

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Folk poetic form and Guru Nanak's Bani: Popular pronunciation

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Folk poetic form and Guru Nanak's Bani: Popular pronunciation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Curcumin, a potent bioactive compound extracted from Curcuma longa, has emerged as a promising agent in cancer therapy due to its multi-targeted approach. This article explores the role of curcumin in modulating critical signal transduction pathways associated with cancer progression and drug resistance. Key pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt/?-catenin, are analyzed to understand how curcumin mediates tumor suppression and sensitizes cancer cells to conventional therapies. The review also discusses curcumin's potential in overcoming resistance mechanisms, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Curcumin-Mediated Modulation of Signal Transduction Pathways in Cancer Therapy: Implications for Drug Resistance and Tumor Suppression

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study was conducted by using Non experimental Descriptive Survey Design and quantitative Research Approach with convenience sampling technique under non probability sampling was selected. A study was done by selecting 325 female college students studying at selected colleges of Ambala Haryana. For data collection demographic tool, Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude Scale was used. The calculated value for reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was 0.62 with KR-20 formula and for Standard Attitude scale calculated value was 0.914 by using Cronbrach formula. A study demonstrates the relationship between female college students' attitudes and awareness about eating disorders. At the 0.05 level of significance, the computed correlation value of -0.72 was determined to be statistically insignificant, showing a mediocre negative connection between female college students' knowledge and attitude. As a result, hypothesis H2 is rejected. The findings suggest that knowledge and attitude are independent of one another.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

knowledge, attitude, eating disorders, students, colleges

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the transcultural reinterpretation of 'Kawad' art in the contemporary works of Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh, a pioneering figure in modern Indian painting. Through an examination of his visual language, the study analyses how Sheikh draws upon the narrative depth and devotional storytelling structure of traditional Kawad shrines to construct a hybrid pictorial vocabulary that mediates between folk idioms and cosmopolitan modernism. The article investigates how the artist employs the logic of itinerant storytelling, mnemonic panels, and folded spatiality of the Kawad, transforming them into metaphors for cultural memory, identity, and transnational mobility. Drawing upon art historical references, semiotic reading, and iconographic parallels, this research underscores the ways in which Sheikh reclaims a space for vernacular imagination within the global contemporary art discourse.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

G.M. Sheikh, Kawad art, transculturalism, hybrid visual vocabulary, cultural transmission, contemporary Indian painting, vernacular traditions, narrative form

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention used to manage post-operative pain and reduce inflammation. Appendectomy, a common surgical procedure, often results in moderate to severe post-operative pain. This study investigates the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing pain in post-operative appendectomy patients. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients in selected Hospitals of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh. Methodology: A pre-experimental, single-group pre-test post-test design was used. A total of 60 patients who underwent appendectomy were selected through convenient sampling. Pain levels were measured before and after cryotherapy using a standardized pain rating scale. Results: Pre-test findings revealed 50% of participants had poor pain levels, 36.7% average, and 13.3% good. Post-test showed a significant shift: only 13.3% reported poor pain levels, 41.7% average, and 45% good. A bar chart and frequency table were used to represent the findings. Cryotherapy was effective in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients. It is recommended as a cost-effective and simple intervention to be incorporated into post-operative nursing care.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cryotherapy, Post-operative Pain, Appendectomy, Cold Application, Non-Pharmacologic Pain Management, Nursing Intervention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The integration of technology in science education has the potential to transform classroom teaching and enhance student learning. This study explores the effectiveness of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in improving the conceptual knowledge of secondary school students. Using a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control and experimental groups, the study involved Class IX students who were taught scientific concepts through TPACK-based instruction, while the control group received traditional teaching. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to assess conceptual knowledge. Statistical techniques such as paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that students taught through TPACK-based strategies showed significantly higher improvement in conceptual knowledge compared to those taught through traditional methods. The results highlight the importance of integrating technology, pedagogy and content knowledge in science teaching to foster deeper learning and better academic outcomes in the Indian secondary education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Effectiveness, TPACK, Science teaching, Conceptual Knowledge, Secondary School, Students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Africa has been colonized in large scale by three major powers - France, Britain and Portugal. The aftermath of colonization, especially by France in Senegal of Africa has produced a famous postcolonial writer- Leopold Sedar Senghor, one of the fathers of the idea of Negritude has authorized many works like chant d'ombre, Nocturne and many books and occupies a unique place in African literature. Senghor focused his writings on expressing the assimilation strategy behind French colonization. In this context, this paper attempts to show how the idea of Negritude and Reverse Racism was used in his selected works and how he glorifies African Literature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Assimilation, Negritude, Reverse Racism.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition