Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

According to studies of international monetary data, the sum of money lost due to fraud in all transactions around the world keeps rising. In particular, the adoption of the Bank-as-a-Service model by financial institutions will place additional strain on payment processing infrastructure and exacerbate the already serious problem of payment fraud. Using automated machine training and Big Data analysis methods, this research aims to synthesis viable solutions for detection of fraud in electronic payment systems. Online Payment fraud has been given a lot of attention since it can result in significant economic losses and negative consequences for account holders. In order to construct a reliable model for identifying fraud, it is essential to employ efficient feature engineering. It is discovered, however, that the present feature engineering that relies on transaction frequency has flaws. Convenient as they may be, fraudsters are drawn to modern money transfer services to conduct scams in which unsuspecting victims are tricked into sending money to fake accounts. As a result of the limitations of conventional rule-based methods for detecting fraud, machine learning models have found widespread application. Most studies build features by extracting patterns using raw transaction records because learning directly from transaction data is challenging owing to its enormous dimensionality. Recency, frequency, financial, and anomaly detection are some of the common labels used to classify these characteristics in the existing research. Using real-world transaction data, features can be extracted and most relevant features can be selected to train the machine learning model for accurate fraud detection. The temporal properties of user transactions are shown using frequency-based feature engineering, however the characteristics of fraud and the differentiation of transaction behaviors are not taken into sufficient account. In this research a Multi Level Associated Weighted Feature Vector (ML-AWFV) Model using machine learning is proposed for accurate feature extraction and selection for further processing of online payment fraud detection. The proposed model when contrasted with the existing

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Keywords: Online Payment Fraud, Transactions, Feature Extraction, Feature Selection, Machine Learning, Financial Loss.

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This research examines how architecture students perceive and decode facade geometry at multiple scales. The exercise revealed how shifts in scale, fragmentation, and viewing distance generate diverse readings of the same elevation. By comparing these interpretations with the student's subsequent institutional facade designs, the study demonstrates how plural perceptions influence design thinking. The activity helps students understand complex elevations by making them see more clearly, recognize patterns, and find meaning in what they observe. This shows that studying a facade at different scales helps students understand it better. This method supports students in recognizing finer details, improving clarity in observation, and forming more meaningful interpretations of the architectural facade for their campus design

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Facade perception, scalar analysis, fractal geometry, architectural interpretation, design thinking, pattern recognition, architectural education.

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A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Ethiopia to assess the level of nutrition knowledge among mothers and to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, nutrition knowledge, and access to health information. The findings revealed that a considerable proportion of mothers had inadequate nutrition knowledge. Higher educational status, better socioeconomic conditions, exposure to nutrition-related health information, and utilization of antenatal and postnatal care services were significantly associated with improved knowledge levels. Mothers who received nutrition counselling from healthcare providers demonstrated better understanding of nutritional requirements compared to those who did not. The study concluded that maternal nutrition knowledge in rural communities remains suboptimal and emphasized the need for structured nutrition education and counselling integrated into maternal and child health services to enhance maternal and child health outcomes.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED ESSENTIAL VITAMINS AND THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN A RURAL AREA OF MEHSANA, GUJARAT."

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The growing ethical, social, and cultural challenges in contemporary societies have renewed global interest in value education within higher education. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the integration of ethical, constitutional, humanistic, and cultural values as a central objective of higher education reform. This study critically examines the position and practice of value education in higher education institutions in Assam, a region characterized by cultural plurality and socio-historical complexity. Using a qualitative, policy-analytic approach, the paper analyzes NEP 2020 provisions alongside institutional practices and regional realities in Assam. The study identifies gaps between policy intent and implementation, particularly in curriculum design, pedagogical practices, faculty preparedness, and assessment mechanisms. It argues that while NEP 2020 provides a comprehensive and progressive framework, effective realization of value education in Assam requires contextual adaptation, institutional commitment, and pedagogical transformation. The paper contributes to the discourse on value-based higher education by offering region-specific insights and policy-oriented recommendations relevant to developing and multicultural contexts.

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Value education, Higher education, NEP 2020, Assam, Holistic learning, Policy analysis.

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In modern education, the emphasis on skill acquisition and academic achievement often overshadows ethical and moral development. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recognizes this challenge and promotes value-based, holistic education aimed at nurturing responsible, ethical, and socially aware citizens. In this framework, the teachings of Srimanta Shankardev, a 15th-16th century saint, philosopher, and social reformer from Assam, hold special significance. Shankardev's philosophy, particularly through the Eka Sharana Nama Dharma, emphasized moral conduct, social equality, compassion, and community cohesion. By employing literature, music, drama, and community institutions, he effectively promoted value-based education in a culturally rooted and inclusive manner. This paper explores Shankardev's educational philosophy and its relevance to NEP 2020. Using a descriptive and analytical approach with secondary sources, the study demonstrates that Shankardev's principles provide practical insights for implementing holistic and value-oriented education in contemporary India.

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Shankardev, Value-Based Education, NEP 2020, Indian Knowledge System, Holistic Education.

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Anaemia, pregnancy, maternal outcomes, perinatal outcomes, iron deficiency, multiparity, postpartum hemorrhage, NICU admissions.

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The Burden: The maintenance of dermatological health and facial hygiene has become a paramount concern globally, driven by increasing pollution, urbanization, and the prevalence of acne vulgaris and other inflammatory skin conditions. Acne vulgaris alone affects over 85% of the adolescent population globally, necessitating effective daily intervention strategies. The Gap: Conventional synthetic cleansers, while effective at debris removal, frequently utilize harsh surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and parabens. These agents are associated with disruption of the stratum corneum barrier, protein denaturation, skin irritation, and long- term cytotoxicity. The Solution: Herbal face washes, formulated from bioactive plant extracts, offer a promising therapeutic alternative. By leveraging the synergistic effects of natural saponins, essential oils, and tannins, these formulations provide effective cleansing without compromising the skin's natural lipid barrier. The Mechanism: Key pharmacological actions include bacterial cell wall disruption (antimicrobial), modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like NF-kB (antiinflammatory), and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (antioxidant). The Result: Clinical and formulation studies indicate that standardized herbal face washes demonstrate comparable cleansing efficacy to synthetic counterparts while significantly improving skin hydration, pH balance, and patient compliance due to reduced adverse effects. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the formulation, evaluation, and regulatory aspects of herbal dermal therapeutics.

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Herbal ; Photoprotection; Ultraviolet radiation; Antioxidants; Plant-based cosmetics; Skin protection

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In the wake of innovation and new ideas cinema is no more an exception. People are coming up with new things and thought. In such a scenario the cinema of resistance is progressing well evidently. Cinema of resistance is the voice of people filled with resistance which sometime doesn't find a proper space to settle and reach common mass. With the coming of such cinema the muffled voices are unleashed and spread through the world. It's a kind of new cinema which is trying to strive hard and explore the suppressed issues. Through the cinema of resistance people are comfortably enabling themselves to spread their voice and most importantly they get a satisfactory gesture from the screens. They feel good sharing their issues and thereby projected and presented in public places. This is all due to cinema of resistance that we come across the hidden issues of any society. This follows a favourable social change and boosts the confidence of common mass to come forward and speak theirmind. The cinema of resistance has brought lot of social change through consistent screenings and production. This type of cinema reaches the heart of common man. People now have an alternative and a platform to communicate their resistance. They can voice everything and expect a change in the society. The Indian society as well has availed a lot through cinema of resistance sharing many current and old social issues.

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Cinema, resistance, India, society, change

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Competency-Based Learning (CBL) is revolutionizing the education landscape by shifting the focus from rigid, time-bound instruction to the demonstration of mastery over specific skills and competencies. Unlike traditional models where learners progress based on age or time spent in class, CBL allows students to advance only after achieving proficiency. Technology acts as a crucial enabler in this transformation by offering adaptive learning systems, personalized pathways, real-time assessments, and continuous feedback mechanisms that support learner autonomy. This paper examines the integration of technology with CBL, discussing its defining features, benefits, and limitations, while presenting global case studies and future trends. Ultimately, it highlights how technology-driven CBL fosters equity, engagement, and stronger alignment between education and workforce needs.

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Competency-Based Learning (CBL), Mastery-based learning, Skills and competencies, Learner autonomy, Proficiency-based progression, Technology-enabled education Adaptive learning systems, personalized learning pathways, Real-time assessments

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