IJCRT Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journal as Per New UGC Rules.
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(CrossRef DOI)
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Paper Title: SDM-VTON: DIFFUSION-BASED VIRTUAL TRY-ON WITH GARMENT-GUIDED CROSS-ATTENTION
Author Name(s): Dhanush C M, Shruthi G, K Sakshi, Thejas C, Dr. Mamatha M
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512746
Register Paper ID - 299290
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512746 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 560088 , Bengaluru, 560088 , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512746 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512746 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512746.pdf
Title: SDM-VTON: DIFFUSION-BASED VIRTUAL TRY-ON WITH GARMENT-GUIDED CROSS-ATTENTION
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g654-g663
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 51
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The advancement of diffusion-based generative models has significantly transformed controllable image synthesis, enabling realistic rendering across diverse domains such as editing, and semantic manipulation. Despite these developments, virtual try-on--the task of synthesizing high-fidelity images of a target person wearing a new garment--remains technically challenging due to complex interactions between human pose, garment geometry, occlusions, and appearance fidelity. Existing GAN-based and deformation-based systems often struggle with texture misalignment, identity drift, and loss of garment details in high-resolution scenarios.This paper introduces SDM-VTON, a diffusion-based virtual try-on framework built upon the SDXL latent diffusion model and enhanced with Garment-Guided Cross-Attention (GGCA), a novel conditioning mechanism that integrates spatially aligned garment features into the U-Net denoising process. SDM-VTON includes (1) a multi-scale GarmentNet encoder-decoder that extracts hierarchical clothing features; (2) an image-conditioned adapter that injects CLIP-based semantic embeddings into transformer layers; and (3) a Try-On U-Net augmented to accept pose, segmentation, and mask priors for geometry-aware inpainting. The system is trained end-to-end in latent space, enabling identity preservation, accurate garment transfer, and superior texture reconstruction compared to prior state-of-the-art diffusion models such as LaDI-VTON and FITMI. Extensive experiments on the VITON-HD and Dress-Code datasets demonstrate that IDM-VTON achieves new benchmarks across SSIM, LPIPS, FID, KID, and CLIP Score. This work establishes SDM-VTON as a robust, workspace-native virtual try-on system suitable for next-generation e-commerce, digital dressing rooms, and personalized fashion visualization.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
[Virtual try-on, diffusion models, SDXL, cross-attention, CLIP, humanpose estimation, latent diffusion, semantic alignment]
Paper Title: BEYOND THE KERALA MODEL: THE CASE FOR INTEGRATING HAPPINESS IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Author Name(s): Krishnapriya R
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512745
Register Paper ID - 299281
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512745 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 678632 , Pulappatta , 678632 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512745 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512745 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512745.pdf
Title: BEYOND THE KERALA MODEL: THE CASE FOR INTEGRATING HAPPINESS IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g646-g653
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 49
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Kerala's acclaimed "Model of Development," characterised by high literacy, robust healthcare, and gender equity, has long been viewed as a benchmark for social progress in India. Yet persistent challenges--rising mental health concerns, lifestyle diseases, unemployment, ecological vulnerability, and declining community vitality--highlight the limitations of conventional metrics like GDP and HDI in capturing true well-being. This paper argues for integrating Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) framework into Kerala's development planning, given the cultural, social, and environmental parallels between the two regions. GNH's multidimensional approach, encompassing psychological well-being, time use, cultural resilience, and environmental stewardship, offers a more holistic measure of progress. Through a critical review of Kerala's current socio-economic indicators, the study identifies policy gaps and proposes a locally adapted GNH-based framework, embedded in participatory governance and linked to resource allocation. By complementing economic indicators with happiness metrics, Kerala can move towards a development model that ensures not just material prosperity but sustainable, inclusive, and meaningful well-being for all citizens.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Kerala Model, Gross National Happiness, development planning, well-being indicators, policy integration
Paper Title: THE ROLE OF THALA IN THE STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC DIMENSIONS OF BHARATANATYAM
Author Name(s): Vijesh V, Dr. R. Chandra
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512744
Register Paper ID - 299272
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512744 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 605104 , villupuram, 605104 , | Research Area: Arts All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512744 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512744 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512744.pdf
Title: THE ROLE OF THALA IN THE STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC DIMENSIONS OF BHARATANATYAM
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g641-g645
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 40
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Th?la occupies a foundational position in Bharatanatyam, functioning simultaneously as a structural framework and an aesthetic life-force. While rhythm is often understood as a temporal guide that regulates movement, its deeper role lies in shaping bodily discipline, expressive continuity, and aesthetic fulfilment. This paper examines th?la as an embodied rhythmic principle that governs the organisation of movement and facilitates the realisation of bh?va and rasa in Bharatanatyam. Through a critical engagement with classical texts, dance theory, and performance practice, the study argues that th?la is not merely an external metric but an internalised rhythmic consciousness that integrates body, time, and emotion. The paper highlights how rhythmic internalisation transforms technical execution into an aesthetically meaningful experience, thereby establishing th?la as a unifying force between structure and aesthetics in Bharatanatyam.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Th?la, Bharatanatyam, Rhythm, Structure, Aesthetics, Bh?va, Rasa, Laya, Performance Practice
Paper Title: A STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED USING RATIO ANALYSIS AND TREND ANALYSIS
Author Name(s): NITHIGHA T G
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512743
Register Paper ID - 299289
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512743 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 641659 , Coimbatore, 641659 , | Research Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512743 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512743 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512743.pdf
Title: A STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED USING RATIO ANALYSIS AND TREND ANALYSIS
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g633-g640
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 46
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The Information Technology (IT) sector plays a significant role in the economic growth of India by contributing to employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, and technological advancement. Among the leading IT companies in India, Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) has emerged as a dominant player with consistent financial performance, strong profitability, and global presence. The present study aims to analyse the financial performance of Tata Consultancy Services Limited using ratio analysis and trend analysis. The study is based on secondary data collected from the annual reports of TCS for a period of five years from 2019-20 to 2023-24. Key liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency ratios have been applied to assess the company's financial health. The findings reveal that TCS has maintained stable profitability, efficient asset utilization, and a strong capital structure during the study period. The study provides useful insights for investors, academicians, and financial analysts in evaluating the financial soundness of TCS.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, Trend Analysis, IT Sector, Tata Consultancy Services
Paper Title: A Study on Socio-Economic Condition and Challenges Faced by the Haritha Karma Sena Workers in Vatakara Taluk
Author Name(s): Haris PP
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512742
Register Paper ID - 299087
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512742 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299087
Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512742 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512742 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512742.pdf
Title: A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION AND CHALLENGES FACED BY THE HARITHA KARMA SENA WORKERS IN VATAKARA TALUK
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299087
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g624-g632
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 76
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The rapid urbanization and industrial expansion in Kerala have led to a significant increase in waste generation, which has put immense pressure on the current waste management systems. The Government of Kerala has proactively responded to these challenges by introducing innovative, community-focused approaches to waste management that are both efficient and sustainable. The Haritha Karma Sena (HKS), a collaborative initiative, represents a strategic transformation in Kerala's waste management practices, emphasizing a holistic system of waste reduction, segregation, and recycling instead of merely focusing on disposal. Women members receive training in waste collection and segregation, along with education on public waste management, enabling HKS to serve as both a service provider and a catalyst for social change. In this context, the study examines the socio-economic and working conditions related to the challenges encountered by HKS workers. Primary data were gathered from 100 HKS workers in the Vatakara taluk of Kozhikode district, Kerala, utilizing a snowball sampling method with a structured questionnaire. The Haritha Karma Sena workers are predominantly middle-aged, possess moderate educational qualifications and have a relatively stable and moderate monthly income. These workers are vital in promoting environmental sustainability and public health by overseeing waste collection, segregation, and recycling at the community level. The study indicated that the HKS volunteers have demonstrated significant potential in their initiatives related to waste management and environmental preservation.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Haritha Karma Sena, Waste Management, Segregation, Recycle, Women
Paper Title: A Study of Academic Burnout of Secondary Students in Relation to Social Media Addiction and Cognitive Load
Author Name(s): Mrs. Laxmi Halasagi, Dr. Venkoba Narayanappa
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512741
Register Paper ID - 299152
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512741 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 584101 , Bijapur, 584101 , | Research Area: Arts All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512741 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512741 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512741.pdf
Title: A STUDY OF ACADEMIC BURNOUT OF SECONDARY STUDENTS IN RELATION TO SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND COGNITIVE LOAD
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g619-g623
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 48
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Academic burnout among secondary school students has become an emerging concern due to increasing academic demands and rapid digitalization of learning environments. Adolescents are required to manage intensive curricular expectations while simultaneously engaging with social media platforms that demand constant attention and cognitive effort. This article, prepared for Ph.D. thesis purposes, is based on an extensive review of related literature and examines academic burnout in relation to social media addiction and cognitive load. The reviewed studies indicate that excessive social media use contributes to attentional fragmentation, increased extraneous cognitive load, emotional exhaustion, and reduced academic engagement. Cognitive overload arising from poorly structured learning tasks and digital multitasking further intensifies burnout symptoms. The paper synthesizes theoretical perspectives and empirical findings to present a coherent understanding of how these variables interact and influence students' academic well-being. Educational implications and preventive strategies are discussed with reference to secondary-level teaching-learning contexts.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Academic Burnout, Social Media Addiction, Cognitive Load, Secondary Students
Paper Title: An Analytical Study on the Role of Indian Railways towards Employment Generation and Economic Development
Author Name(s): RAMA SINGH, AMIT SINGH
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512740
Register Paper ID - 299154
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512740 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299154
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 226301 , Lucknow, 226301 , | Research Area: Commerce All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512740 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512740 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512740.pdf
Title: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS TOWARDS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i12.299154
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Commerce All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g609-g618
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 58
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Transport infrastructure plays a critical role in shaping economic growth, employment generation and regional development, particularly in emerging economies. Among the various modes, railways occupy a strategic position owing to their ability to move large volumes of passengers and freight at relatively low unit costs while fostering market integration and industrial linkages. This study examines the role of Indian Railways in generating employment and contributing to regional economic development in India. Using secondary data drawn from the Indian Railways Year Books, Ministry of Railways Annual Reports, Economic Survey of India, NITI Aayog publications, and RBI state-level statistics, this study adopts a mixed quantitative approach. A descriptive analysis is employed to examine employment trends and capital expenditure, while employment multipliers are used to estimate direct, indirect, and induced employment effects. Additionally, a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences (DiD) framework is applied to assess the impact of railway connectivity upgrades on regional economic outcomes. The study findings reveal that Indian Railways remains one of the largest public-sector employers, with renewed recruitment and rising capital investment in the post-pandemic period. Employment multiplier estimates indicate that railway operations and infrastructure investment generate substantial indirect and induced employment across allied sectors such as construction, logistics, manufacturing, MSMEs, and services. Regional analysis shows that districts with improved railway connectivity experience significantly higher industrial investment, employment growth, and wage levels than non-connected regions. Overall, the study concludes that Indian Railways functions not only as a transportation backbone but also as a powerful engine for employment generation and balanced regional development. This study offers policy-relevant insights for leveraging railway investment to promote inclusive growth and long-term economic resilience in India.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Indian Railways (IR), employment generation, infrastructure investment, regional development, employment multipliers, Difference-in-Differences.
Paper Title: A Study on Climate-Resilient Construction in Bangladesh: Building a Safer Future
Author Name(s): Engr. Md. Ziaul Hoque, P. Eng., Engr. Pankaj Kumar Nath, P. Eng., PhD, Engr. Farukh Hossain, Engr. Khandakar Rafiqul Islam Kallal
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512739
Register Paper ID - 299267
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512739 and DOI :
Author Country : Foreign Author, Bangladesh, 1214 , Dhaka, 1214 , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512739 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512739 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512739.pdf
Title: A STUDY ON CLIMATE-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION IN BANGLADESH: BUILDING A SAFER FUTURE
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Foreign Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g599-g608
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 45
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, frequently exposed to floods, cyclones, storm surges, riverbank erosion, and rising temperatures. These climate-induced hazards pose serious threats to the built environment, particularly to housing and critical infrastructure. This study examines the concept and practice of climate-resilient construction in Bangladesh with the aim of identifying effective strategies for building a safer and more sustainable future. The research analyzes existing construction practices, climate-related risks, and policy frameworks, alongside case studies of resilient housing and infrastructure projects implemented in vulnerable regions. Emphasis is given to the use of locally available materials, innovative design techniques, elevated structures, flood-resistant foundations, wind-resistant roofing systems, and environmentally sustainable construction methods. The study also explores the role of government regulations, community participation, and capacity building in promoting climate resilience. Findings indicate that integrating climate-responsive design, appropriate technology, and strong institutional support can significantly reduce disaster-related losses and enhance long-term sustainability. The study concludes that climate-resilient construction is not only a technical necessity but also a socio-economic imperative for Bangladesh, requiring coordinated efforts among policymakers, engineers, planners, and local communities to ensure safe, affordable, and adaptive infrastructure development.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Climate-resilient construction, Bangladesh, disaster risk reduction, sustainable infrastructure, resilient housing, cyclone-resistant structures
Paper Title: Grievance App For College Students
Author Name(s): Tharani L, Varunapriya S, Swetha E, Mahesh Kumar R
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512738
Register Paper ID - 299115
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512738 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 641103 , Coimbatore, 641103 , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512738 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512738 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512738.pdf
Title: GRIEVANCE APP FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g592-g598
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 45
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Effective grievance redressal is fundamental to ensuring transparency, accountability, and trust within educational institutions. Despite its importance, many colleges and universities continue to rely on manual or fragmented digital mechanisms for grievance handling, which are often inefficient, non-transparent, and poorly scalable. These limitations result in delayed responses, inadequate follow-up, and reduced student confidence in institutional support systems. The proposed system introduces a mobile-based grievance management application that enables students to securely submit grievances, track complaint status, and receive real-time updates. The application is developed using Flutter with Firebase as the backend to ensure secure authentication, scalable data management, and real-time grievance handling, thereby fostering a student-centric and transparent academic environment.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Grievance Redressal System, College Students, Flutter, Firebase, Mobile Application, Transparency, Accountability
Paper Title: Macaulay's Clerks and PMKVY's Proxies: English-Centric Soft Skills and Colonial Continuities
Author Name(s): Hijam Georgie Philemon, Dr. Omila Thounaojam
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2512737
Register Paper ID - 299266
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2512737 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 795005 , Imphal East, 795005 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512737 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2512737 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512737.pdf
Title: MACAULAY'S CLERKS AND PMKVY'S PROXIES: ENGLISH-CENTRIC SOFT SKILLS AND COLONIAL CONTINUITIES
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 12 | Year: December 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: g585-g591
Year: December 2025
Downloads: 51
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
This paper investigates the similarities that exist between colonial education systems and current skill development initiatives in India. It particularly focuses on skill-based education programs that focus largely on English, that is training for soft skills, as provided under the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) programs. The study used postcolonial theory, and discourse analysis, in addition to empirical evidence gathered from both media investigations and audit reports to demonstrate the continuing relevance of colonial pedagogical principles in today's India. By following a line of thought originating with the 1835 Minute on Indian Education by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay through its evolution to a modern-day neoliberal model of government, it can be shown that the linguistic economic capital afforded to graduates of these skill-development programs helps facilitate the ongoing control and exclusion of India through a colonial framework. The analysis reveals that skill-development initiatives often transform rural youth into measurable outputs rather than autonomous subjects, thereby sustaining linguistic imperialism and epistemic dependence. The paper ultimately contends that meaningful decolonization requires reimagining education beyond employability-driven, English-dominated frameworks.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Skill Development, Soft Skills, Postcolonial Theory, Linguistic Imperialism, Decolonization

