Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

In India, Guilandina bonduc is a common plant. Because this plant is frequently utilised in traditional medicine, the biotechnology of endophytic fungi is extremely important because natural resources have decreased of plants. The endophytic fungus that were discovered in Guilandina bonduc plant and produced a variety of chemicals were described in this study. The endophytic fungal species were identified by morphological and molecular means using phylogenetic tree analysis. The cultivation method was carried out using Potato Dextrose Broth media. The extraction and evaporation processes were carried out using a rotary evaporator by using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The DPPH method and paper disc diffusion method were used to conduct antioxidant and antibacterial testing. The compound was isolated using chromatographic methods, and its chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic examination. Lasiodiplodia irregularis was determined to be an endophytic fungus based on the morphological and molecular study results. 2-Nonynoic acid was the pure chemical that was extracted from this endophytic fungus. This substance was probably going to be used as a starting point for novel antioxidants.

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 Keywords

Lasiodiplodia irregularis, bioactive compounds, endophytic fungi, and antioxidant properties.

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(The present study examines the impact of the classroom and school environment on enhancing multiple intelligences among secondary level students of Pune district. The study adopts a descriptive survey method and is grounded in Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which recognizes diverse intellectual capacities beyond traditional academic abilities. The sample comprised students from one government secondary school and one private secondary school, selected using stratified random sampling to ensure balanced representation. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data related to school environment and multiple intelligences. Statistical analysis involved the use of mean, standard deviation, and t-test to examine differences based on gender and type of institution. The findings reveal significant differences in the impact of school environment on multiple intelligences among male and female students, as well as between government and private secondary schools. Female students demonstrated higher responsiveness to school environments across both institutional types, while private schools showed a stronger overall influence on multiple intelligence development. The study concludes that school environment plays a crucial role in shaping students' intellectual growth and that institutional and gender factors significantly influence this process.)

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Keywords: Classroom Environment, Multiple Intelligences, Secondary Level Students, School Climate, Gender Differences, Government Schools, Private Schools, Intellectual Development, Learning Environment, Student Engagement, Educational Psychology, Holistic Education

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: The project aims to develop an intelligent system that can predict weather conditions more accurately using modern technology. Traditional forecasting systems primarily rely on largescale data collected from weather stations. The proposed system, however, utilizes multi-sensor information to predict rainfall, temperature, humidity, and other climatic factors with enhanced accuracy. "Smart Weather Forecasting" builds upon existing research in numerical weather prediction (NWP), satellite data analysis, and statistical forecasting models. Traditional methods often use historical data and complex mathematical equations to simulate atmospheric behavior. However, recent studies have explored the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve forecast accuracy by analyzing large volumes of real-time sensor data. Techniques such as Decision Trees, Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines have been applied to predict weather patterns more efficiently. Furthermore, many systems incorporate Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sensors for continuous data collection. Despite the promising results, there is still a need for more accessible, cost-effective, and localized forecasting systems. To address this need, the Smart Weather Forecasting project combines real-time sensor data collection with intelligent analysis techniques. The data is processed using microcontrollers, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, and transmitted to a cloud server. This methodology ensures faster and more precise weather updates, which can be particularly useful in both rural and urban areas for providing timely alerts and supporting informed decision making.

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Edge Computing, Real-Time Weather Forecasting, Low-Cost IoT Devices, Environmental Monitoring, Weather Sensors, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Smart Agriculture, IoT, Localized Weather Prediction, Embedded Systems, Sensor Networks

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Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) has emerged as a crucial approach for addressing water scarcity, quality degradation, and sectoral competition in agrarian regions of India. The present study examines the status, challenges, and prospects of integrated water resource management in Banka District, Bihar, with special emphasis on surface and groundwater utilization, institutional arrangements, and sector-wise water demand. The study is based on secondary hydrological data, water supply records, agricultural statistics, and primary field observations. Temporal variations in rainfall, groundwater levels, and irrigation dependency have been analysed using statistical techniques. The findings reveal increasing pressure on groundwater resources due to agriculture-dominated water demand, uneven access to drinking water, and limited recharge interventions. Seasonal variability of rainfall and inefficient water-use practices further intensify local water stress. The study argues that fragmented management approaches need to be replaced by an integrated framework focusing on demand management, conservation, institutional coordination, and community participation. The paper highlights the relevance of IWRM as a policy-oriented and sustainable pathway for ensuring long-term water security in district-level planning.

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Integrated water resource management; groundwater; irrigation; water sustainability; Banka district

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The integration of Learning Management Systems (LMS) has significantly transformed teaching-learning processes, particularly within open and distance learning (ODL) environments. As digital platforms increasingly mediate higher education, understanding learners' preferred learning styles becomes essential for designing inclusive and effective instructional strategies. The present study examines gender-based differences in learning style preferences among postgraduate learners at Odisha State Open University (OSOU) using the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic) model. Data were collected from 140 postgraduate students (70 males and 70 females) who were active LMS users. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation, partial correlation, and regression analyses, were conducted using Jamovi software. The findings reveal only marginal gender-based differences in learning preferences. Female learners demonstrated slightly stronger multimodal tendencies, whereas male learners scored marginally higher in visual and aural dimensions. However, regression results indicate that gender accounts for minimal variance in learning style preferences. Overall, the findings suggest that learning styles are influenced more by individual and contextual factors than by gender alone. The study underscores the need for flexible, multimodal LMS design to support diverse learners in ODL settings.

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Learning Management System (LMS); VARK Model; Gender Differences; Learning Styles; Open and Distance Learning; Multimodal Learning

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Plastic pollution has evolved from a localized littering issue into a systemic global crisis. As of 2025, annual plastic leakage into the environment has reached 130 million metric tors. This paper examines the sources and types of plastic pollution, its environmental and health impact, and current mitigation Strategies. The study highlights the urgent need for sustainable alternatives, effective waste management systems, and global Policy interventions stead to address the growing Plastic crisis

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Plastic pollution,micro plastic, environment, weast management, sustainability

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The autonomic nervous system handles key bodily tasks - like heartbeat, breathing, gut function, and hormone release - not requiring conscious thought. Due to its central role, drugs often aim at this system, particularly for issues tied to circulation, lungs, brain health, or metabolism. Here's a clear look at how the ANS is built, what chemicals it uses, plus breakthroughs in drugs affecting adrenaline and acetylcholine pathways. Lately, scientists have worked on fine-tuning which receptors get activated, aiming to limit unwanted reactions while boosting treatment accuracy. Today's adrenaline-like meds - like targeted ?1, ?2, ?1, or ?2 regulators along with extended-release ?2 activators - tend to last longer while posing fewer risks. In the same way, updated nerve-signaling drugs, such as specific muscarinic adjusters paired with next-gen enzyme blockers, deliver real patient gains in lung and brain conditions. The review dives into how things like SAR progress, one-sided activation, besides allostery shifted medication development. It checks today's ANS meds used for heart issues, breathing problems, lung trouble, stomach disorders, along with mental health cases. On top of that, it points out ongoing hurdles - unintended side actions, reduced receptor response, plus mix-ups between medicines - that still mess with real-world treatment.Emerging ideas - like tailoring meds using genetic info, using tiny particles to deliver drugs more precisely, creating compounds that do two jobs at once, or applying smart algorithms to find new treatments - are shaping how we'll treat nervous system disorders down the line. Mixing today's science with targeted receptor strategies means tomorrow's medicines could be safer, work better, because they're built around real patient needs. All things considered, this look back shows why smarter adrenaline- and acetylcholine-focused therapies matter more now when handling long-lasting health issues.

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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS),Adrenergic Drugs,Cholinergic Drugs,Receptor Selectivity,?-Blockers,Muscarinic Modulators,Biased Agonism.

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Carcinoma of the lip is a common oral malignancy with potential for regional lymph node spread. Wide local excision with adequate margins remains the primary treatment to achieve oncological clearance. Reconstruction of the post-excisional defect using a suitable local flap helps restore lip function and cosmetic appearance. Neck dissection is performed to manage or prevent cervical lymph node metastasis. Histopathological evaluation confirms margin status and nodal involvement. This combined surgical approach provides effective disease control with satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.

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Squamous cell carcinoma, Neck Dissection, Lower Lip, Wide Local excision

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Aseptic techniques are essential in preventing infections in neonatal care, a field where even minor lapses can have significant consequences. Evaluating the knowledge of staff nurses, who are on the front line of neonatal care, are crucial to maintaining high standards of patient safety and care quality. Objectives of the study : 1. To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 2. To identify areas of strength and areas need for improvement in staff nurse knowledge regarding aseptic techniques in neonatal care. 3. To know the relationship between demographic factors (e.g., gender, age, educational background, experience) and knowledge levels. Methods : Methods Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design. Setting: Selected hospitals in Bangalore, India. Participants: 85% female and 15% male nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 29.5 years. The educational background of the participants included 50% with a Diploma in Nursing, 40% with a Bachelor's degree, and 10% with a Master's degree. Experience varied, with 40% of nurses having 1-3 years of experience, and 35% having received specialized training in neonatal care. Data Collection: A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of aseptic techniques, covering areas such as hand hygiene, sterilization procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment. The questionnaire was validated for content and reliability. Data Analysis: Knowledge scores were calculated, with mean scores, SD and percentages used to categorize the levels of knowledge. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests and ANOVA, was conducted to find out the influence of demographic factors on knowledge scores. Results Knowledge Scores: The mean knowledge score was 75.2% (SD = 10.4), with a range from 50% to 90%. Distribution of scores showed that 20% of nurses were in the "Excellent" category (85-100%), 50% in the "Good" category (70-84%), 25% in the "Fair" category (50-69%), and 5% in the "Poor" category (below 50%). ? Strong Knowledge Areas: Nurses demonstrated strong knowledge in hand hygiene (90% correct) and the use of personal protective equipment (85% correct). ? Areas Needing Improvement: Lower scores were observed in sterilization procedures (60% correct), handling of sterile equipment (65% correct), and infection control measures (70% correct), indicating areas where further training is required. ? Influencing Factors: Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with higher educational qualifications (Bachelor's or Master's degree), more than 3 years of experience, and specialized training in neonatal care (p < 0.05).

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 Keywords

Practice, Aseptic technique, Neonates, Staff Nurses

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This paper highlights the significance of E-Learning in modern education and discusses its technical aspect, market and comparison with instructor led training and possibility of whether E-Learning will replace the old classroom teaching. Presently the concept of E-Learning is becoming very popular as the number of internet savvy users is increasing. As the global education landscape evolves, the tension between international educations standards and local curriculum needs has become a critical area of study. Global education frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and initiatives by international bodies like UNESCO, advocate for universal education objectives, including access to quality education, literacy, and skills development. Many institutions of higher education and universities are resorting to E-Learning. Big corporate companies are also heavily investing in E-Learning and setting up interactive classrooms. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), the world largest open university launched a 24X7 and 365 days a year-round access as compared to instructor-led training, which is one time class that must be schedule. E-Learning also provides students freedom from carrying heavy school bags and stop cutting of trees for the sake of paper, pencil and rubber.

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Ancient (VS) Modern Learning, Education, E-Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition