Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This paper examines emotional deterioration as a process shaped and sustained by cultural forces in the fictional writings of Shobha Rao, with particular attention to Girls Burn Brighter (2018). Rather than presenting suffering as sudden or exceptional, the study reveals how distress develops gradually through everyday practices, inherited norms and unequal power relations. Rao's narratives portray women whose inner lives are steadily worn down by social expectations, economic dependence and restricted mobility, making emotional decline both continuous and normalized. The analysis highlights how cultural frameworks teach endurance while discouraging expression, causing pain to be absorbed inward rather than resisted outward. At the same time, the paper observes how human connection, especially between women, emerges as a fragile yet meaningful response to prolonged hardship. Emotional survival in these texts does not appear as triumph but as persistence shaped by care, memory and shared presence. By focusing on lived experience rather than dramatic violence, this study offers a nuanced understanding of how culture quietly participates in the making of emotional vulnerability. The paper contributes to contemporary literary criticism by foregrounding emotional deterioration as an ongoing, socially maintained condition, thereby inviting readers to reconsider suffering not as an individual failure but as a collective cultural outcome.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Quiet trauma, Relational survival, Female interiority, Gendered suffering and Human vulnerability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Special Intensive Revision is a noteworthy, targeted electoral roll cleaning and re-enumeration work done by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to establish that electoral rolls are both comprehensive and correct ahead of major elections or when organized inadequacies are detected. This paper studies the legitimate and official basis for SIR, functional design, current deployments (2023-2025), results, challenges and policy suggestions. Tapping into ECI documents, Press Information Bureau publications, State Chief Electoral Officer notifications and national media reporting, this paper states that SIRs have provably enhanced roll standard where executed with requisite precautions, but risks of disqualify and logistical pressure continues. To increase democratic incorporation, SIR must amalgamate procedural precautions, increased BLO capacity, vigorous grievance redress, transparent public communication and strong data-protection steps.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Special Intensive Revision; SIR; Election Commission of India; electoral rolls; Booth Level Officer; voter registration; electoral integrity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper undertakes a comparative literary study of Kamala Das's "An Introduction" and Nissim Ezekiel's "Night of the Scorpion" to examine how Indian English poetry negotiates identity, gender, and cultural consciousness within postcolonial contexts. Rather than approaching the poems as isolated expressions of feminist confession or cultural realism, the study places them in dialogue to explore how poetic voice mediates between individual self-articulation and communal belief. Employing qualitative literary analysis and close reading, the paper draws on feminist and postcolonial theoretical frameworks to investigate how language, embodiment, and belief systems shape differing modes of subjectivity. Das's poem is examined as a linguistic assertion of female selfhood that resists social and cultural regulation, while Ezekiel's poem is analysed as a narrative of collective response in which suffering is absorbed into communal ethics and inherited belief. The study argues that reading these poems comparatively reveals the coexistence of divergent yet interrelated postcolonial sensibilities within Indian English poetry. By foregrounding both individual and communal modes of experience, the paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how gender, culture, and identity are articulated through poetic form in postcolonial Indian writing.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Comparative analysis, Cultural belief, Female subjectivity, Indian English poetry, Poetic voice, Postcolonial identity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The health inequities across Indian districts have roots in Social Determinants of Health inclusive of maternal care, child nutrition, sanitation, education, and access to healthcare[4]. While datasets like NFHS-5 [1] are rich in information on these indicators, the high dimensionality coupled with inconsistent administrative formats causes serious challenge in systematic vulnerability assessment[14]. This paper presents HealthScape, a data-driven unified analytics framework that integrates PCAbased dimensionality reduction[14], [15], machine learning-based classification[6], [8], and geospatial visualization[7], [10] for generating district-level SDOH vulnerability maps. Standardized data cleaning and feature engineering, dimensionality reduction based on PCA, vulnerability scoring, and classification by XGBoost form the pipeline. District boundaries are spatially joined using GeoJSON files; hence, interactive choropleth maps can be generated to highlight high-risk clusters and regional disparities[15]. Experimental results confirm strong predictive performance and accurate spatial representation by identifying the top vulnerable districts and subsequently yielding interpretable insights for policymakers. Complex survey data will now be transformed into actionable intelligence, and the model proposed is scalable for population-health monitoring across India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SDOH, NFHS-5, PCA, Machine Learning, GIS, Vulnerability Index, Spatial Analysis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital literacy has become an essential component of contemporary primary education as technology increasingly shapes children's learning environments, communication patterns, and social behavior. This paper examines the role of digital literacy education in developing responsible technology use among primary school learners. It explores how early exposure to guided digital practices enhances cognitive skills, ethical awareness, information discernment, online safety, creativity, and collaborative learning. Key dimensions discussed include foundational digital skills, cyber safety awareness, critical media literacy, balanced screen habits, teacher-mediated technology integration, parental involvement, inclusive digital access, value-based digital citizenship, age-appropriate digital competencies, monitoring mechanisms, and institutional strategies for sustainable implementation. Findings suggest that structured digital literacy education at the primary level promotes safe, ethical, and productive engagement with technology, preparing learners for future academic and social demands.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Literacy, Primary Education, Responsible Technology Use, Cyber Safety, Media Literacy, Digital Citizenship, ICT in Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The problem of cultivating conceptual knowledge in the students is still a major challenge in the secondary level education regardless of the fact that the teachers are highly disciplined and trained in pedagogical knowledge. According to the existing research, it has been proposed that content knowledge or general pedagogical knowledge does not explain the differences in meaningful learning of students. This is an abstracted concept paper, and it advances theoretically based framework to denominate Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) as mediating factor between teacher knowledge and the conceptual knowledge of the students in the learners. As the paper is built on the existing theories about teacher knowledge and learning, it synthesises the scholarly literature and describes how teachers convert the subject matter into pedagogically empowering representations that respond to existing knowledge, misunderstandings, and need of the learners in their minds. The suggested framework explains the processes in which teacher quality impacts conceptual knowledge, such as the nature of instructional representation, order of content, and responsive pedagogic thinking. The implication of PCK as the key predictive variable of the paper is provided in terms of teacher education, the professional development, and curriculum design, and represents the basis of the future empirical and theoretical research on teaching in understanding.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pedagogical Content Knowledge, teacher expertise, conceptual understanding, secondary education, instructional mediation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest due to its wide-ranging applications in healthcare and environmental management; however, many conventional nanoparticle synthesis techniques rely on toxic chemicals and energy-intensive processes that raise environmental concerns. In this study, an environmentally benign and sustainable method was developed for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using soybean pod dry waste extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis was conducted under mild reaction conditions and was initially evidenced by a visible color change, followed by UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis, which showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 420 nm. Morphological examination using scanning electron microscopy revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with slight agglomeration. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed silver as the principal elemental component and indicated the presence of plant-derived biomolecules contributing to nanoparticle stabilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further demonstrated the involvement of phenolic, flavonoid, and proteinaceous functional groups in the reduction and capping processes. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant, concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of soybean pod dry waste as a low-cost and renewable resource for the eco-friendly synthesis of biologically active silver nanoparticles with promising antibacterial applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Soybean pod dry waste, Antibacterial activity, Nanotechnology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid growth of digital platforms has transformed the way events are planned, managed, and executed. However, traditional event management practices still rely heavily on manual coordination, disconnected communication channels, and delayed service tracking, which often leads to inefficiencies and user dissatisfaction. This paper presents the design and development of a scalable Event Management Sys tem built using the MERN architecture, enhanced with Next.js for server-side rendering and Tailwind CSS for responsive, utility-first user interface design. The proposed system provides a centralized platform for event creation, service management, attendee registration, and real-time scheduling. By leveraging Next.js API routes and MongoDB's flexible data model, the application ensures high performance, scalability, and improved search engine visibility. The system aims to simplify the complete event lifecycle while delivering a seamless experience for organizers, administrators, and attendees

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Event Management, Next.js, Tailwind CSS, MERN Stack, Full-stack Development, Scalability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) represents a transformative advance in molecular biology, reshaping pharmaceutical research through precise and efficient genome editing. This technology enables targeted modification of genetic material in living cells, offering unprecedented potential for the treatment of genetic and complex diseases. CRISPR-Cas9 operates via three core steps: guide RNA-mediated target DNA recognition, Cas9-induced double-strand break formation, and cellular repair through non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair. Recent innovations, including base editing and prime editing, have significantly improved editing accuracy while reducing unintended genomic alterations. Clinical translation has progressed rapidly, highlighted by the FDA approval of CASGEVY(TM) in December 2023 for sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia--the first approved CRISPR-based therapy. Therapeutic applications now span monogenic disorders, cancer immunotherapy via CAR-T cell engineering, viral infections, and neurological diseases, with ongoing clinical trials targeting HIV, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and inherited retinal disorders. Effective delivery remains a major challenge, though adeno-associated viruses, lipid nanoparticles, and lentiviral vectors show clinical promise. Persistent concerns include off-target effects, immunogenicity, scalability, and long-term safety. High-fidelity Cas9 variants and optimized guide RNA chemistries have substantially mitigated these risks. Future directions emphasize multiplexed and epigenetic editing, integration with conventional therapies, and AI-assisted CRISPR design. Collectively, CRISPR-based therapeutics are poised to shift medicine from symptomatic treatment toward durable genetic correction and precision healthcare.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CRISPR-Cas9, Gene Editing, Base Editing, Prime Editing, CAR-T Cell Therapy, Drug Delivery, Off-Target Effects, Genetic Disorders, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders globally, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome, represents one of the most significant public health challenges of the twenty-first century. The limitations of conventional pharmaceutical treatments--including high costs, adverse effects, and incomplete therapeutic benefits --have motivated intense scientific interest in plant-derived therapeutic agents. Phytopharmacology, the study of pharmacologically active plant compounds, offers a promising avenue for developing safe, effective, and accessible therapeutic interventions for metabolic pathologies. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the role of bioactive plant constituents--including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids--in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Key findings indicate that phytochemicals can modulate glucose homeostasis, improve insulin sensitivity, regulate lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and restore gut microbiota balance. Clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates meaningful improvements in glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures when patients receive standardized herbal preparations as adjunctive or complementary therapies alongside conventional management strategies. This comprehensive review examines the phytopharmacological basis of metabolic disorder management, evaluates clinical evidence supporting specific plant extracts and isolated compounds, explores molecular mechanisms of action, addresses safety and standardization considerations, and discusses future perspectives for integrating phytotherapy into evidence-based clinical practice. Metabolic Disorders, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Phytopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, Insulin Resistance, Herbal Therapy

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metabolic Disorders, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Phytopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, Insulin Resistance, Herbal Therapy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition