Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial in the economic process of India, particularly in the semi-urban and rural areas, such as Haveri in Karnataka. Although they are significant, lack of access to formal finance is a significant challenge to MSMEs. Financial Technology (FinTech) services have become a radically new platform in recent years, which has allowed the delivery of digital credits, online payments, and inclusive financial services using UPI, Aadhaar-based KYC, and digital lending applications. This paper will discuss how FinTech platforms are relevant in intensifying MSME financial inclusion in Haveri District. The analysis has been done using secondary data (Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)) on the impact of digital financial system on greater access to credit, transparency of transaction, and scalability of business with micro-entrepreneurs. The results show a fast growth in digitally-enabled micro-loans (particularly Shishu loans), 20% growth in MSME credit and high penetrations in digital accounts by Aadhaar. Nevertheless, there are still difficulties in taking MSMEs out of the low-ticket credit and spreading knowledge about sophisticated FinTech services. The paper concludes that FinTech has greatly enhanced financial inclusion, but institutional relationship and repetitive digital literacy initiatives have a crucial role on sustainable MSME development in rural Karnataka.

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 Keywords

FinTech, MSME, Financial Inclusion, Digital Lending, Haveri District

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the rapidly evolving landscape of investment options, mutual funds have emerged as a desired choice for investors in India, offering diverse mutual fund schemes providing to varying financial goals and risk appetites. This review paper explores the multifaceted factors influencing investor behaviour concerning mutual fund investments in the Indian context. Drawing insights from existing literature, the study examines psychological, demographic, economic, and technological drivers, shedding light on gaps in research, such as regional disparities, the impact of digital platforms, and behavioural shifts of certain time period. By identifying these factors and research gaps, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of shaping investment behaviours, offering a foundation for future studies and practical applications.

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 Keywords

Investors, Investment Behaviour, Mutual Fund Investment, Mutual Fund schemes, Digital Investment and recent technological advancements

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 Abstract

The Financial literacy and Inclusion Survey (NFLIS) Report 2019 found that more than 70% of adult residents of India lack sufficient knowledge about managing their finances. According to finding of secondary data, there are only 21% of adult women show adequate financial literacy levels and only 17% of rural residents show acceptable levels of financial literacy. The objective of this report is to demonstrate how financial education is vital to executing the National Education Policy of 2020's (NEP 2020) objectives related to holistic child development, life skills, and vocationally relevant training. By using measurements provided by the OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy (OECD/INFE 2022), India can be compared against countries with similar socioeconomic status to show that the majority of the comparing countries have average adult financial literacy rates of approximately 60%. This paper identifies the critical need of providing school-based financial education, as well as providing support to educators through the provisions outlined in the NEP 2020, and presents a potential for developing suitable alternatives as mentioned in this research paper.

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 Keywords

Curriculum integration, Financial literacy, NEP 2020, School education, Teacher training, Youth empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Smart Electric Wheelchair especially planned for elders and people with limited physical abilities. It integrates ultrasonic for precise edge, obstacle detection, securing fall deterrence and collision-free navigation. Included wellness sensor supervise moisture, body heat, rate of pulse in real-time, transmitting information for proactive user care and data will display on OLED. IoT-empowered web page services complete rotational movements-right, forward, left, reverse, turns with low delay remote control, path optimization. Exploratory outcomes confirm forward and backward object detection precision and consistent tracking, upgrading autonomy for physical disabilities. In case of emergency if the user presses the emergency push button the "Emergency" will display on Organic Light Emitting Diode and result will display on serial monitor. This procedure outperforms conventional models by integrating web-based operation, health oversight, safety and promoting quality of life and autonomy.

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Ultrasonic sensor, DHT11 sensor, Pulse rate sensor, ESP32, Web-page interface.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study examines the need for sustainable rural area development as a means to avoid adverse impacts on the agricultural sector in the contemporary scenario. Agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods, yet it is increasingly affected by unplanned development, population pressure, and environmental degradation. The primary objective of this study is to identify the underlying causes and prevailing problems influencing agriculture in rural areas today. The study is based entirely on secondary data sources, including research journals, government reports, news articles, and relevant web-based resources. The findings reveal that conventional notions of development--such as the expansion of road networks, rapid industrialization, and the growing number of transport facilities--often overlook their long-term consequences on agricultural land, soil quality, water resources, and rural ecosystems. While such developments aim to improve economic growth, they frequently generate negative externalities that threaten agricultural sustainability. With a rapidly increasing population and rising demand for food security, sustainable development has become essential across all sectors, particularly in rural areas. The study concludes that adopting sustainable rural development practices is crucial for protecting agriculture, ensuring efficient use of natural resources, and meeting the basic needs of present and future generations. Sustainable rural development offers a balanced pathway that promotes growth without compromising agricultural productivity and environmental integrity.

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 Keywords

Sustainable Development, Rural Development, Agricultural Challenges, Agricultural Problems, Environmental Sustainability, Food Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the modern era of remote collaboration, developers and learners often rely on multiple disconnected tools for coding, communication, and brainstorming, causing workflow fragmentation and reduced productivity. CodeMate aims to overcome these issues by providing an integrated, browser-based environment that brings together a real-time multi-language code editor, interactive whiteboard, and live chat system in a single collaborative interface. Implemented using WebRTC for peer-to-peer low-latency communication and WebSockets for signaling and session management, CodeMate ensures seamless synchronization of code, messages, and visual content. The platform enhances synchronous activities such as pair programming, technical interviews, digital labs, and live coding workshops. Testing confirms low latency, smooth synchronization, and efficient collaboration across devices. CodeMate demonstrates the potential of unified real-time tools to simplify workflows, reduce cognitive load, and improve collaborative learning and development experiences.

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 Keywords

Real-time collaboration, Code editor, WebRTC, WebSockets, Whiteboard, Live chat, Peer-to-peer communication, React.js, Collaborative learning, Remote programming

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The global rise of mobile banking has seen a widespread adoption of this technology amongst all age groups from various financial backgrounds and expertise. From them, the individuals ranging from age 18 to 60 are most pertinent as those individuals are amongst the highest users of mobile banking to fulfill their daily financial needs. The goal of this research is to explore the role of mobile banking app designs in shaping user experience and influencing their choice on whether to use the mobile banking platform more often or not. As part of this research, a survey was conducted, collecting data from 92 respondents, both male and female; aged between 18 and 60 years; who use mobile banking services. The responses gathered serve as a primary data source for analysing the relationship between the design aspects of mobile banking applications and their influence on user behaviour. The research affirms that design elements such as colour dynamics, homepage design, security features, and transparency are integral in determining the usability of mobile banking applications.

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 Keywords

Private Banks, ICICI bank, IDFC First, Public Banks, YONO SBI, PNB One, Mobile Banking, Application Design

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of Wellness Tutelage on knowledge, attitude and willingness to change healthy lifestyles among adolescents.Background: lifestyle diseases is the most common reason for today's death. Lifestyle and behaviors during adolescents have life-long consequences to the health and onset of lifestyle diseases in later life. Adolescents phase establish patterns of behavior lifestyle in healthy way. Aim and objective: To assess the effectiveness of Wellness Tutelage on knowledge, attitude and willingness to change among adolescents. Methodology: Quantitative approach, quasi experimental non- equivalent control group pretest, posttest research design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of Wellness Tutelage among 60adolescents at selected communities in Vellore. Probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Wellness Tutelage was administered and level of knowledge, attitude and willingness to change was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire, four point likert scale and structured rating scale for both the experimental and control group. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the calculated student paired "t" value for the post test level of knowledge among experimental group adolescents was t=7.86, for attitude t=10.84 and for willingness to change t=4.58 which showed that a very high statistical significance at p<0.001 level. Conclusion: The results revealed that Wellness Tutelage was effective in improving knowledge, attitude and willingness to change among adolescents which can enhance their healthy lifestyle in their day today life.

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 Keywords

Wellness Tutelage, Willingness to change, Buzz group

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Quality assurance is getting higher importance in the health care system as there is a heavy investment in the health system on structure and resources. So it is essential to know how for it is accessible to the remote area people and whether the community people are aware of the health care services available for them and the people are satisfied out of health sector's services. Aim & Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and level of satisfaction of health care consumers towards OACHC's health services, to correlate between knowledge, attitude and level of satisfaction of health care consumers towards OACHC's health services and to associate the selected background variables with the mean level of knowledge, attitude and level of satisfaction of health services among health care consumers. Methods and Materials: Non experimental descriptive research design to assess the knowledge, attitude and level of satisfaction of health care consumers in utilization of OACHC health services, 50 consumers(15-60) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire method was used to assess the knowledge and 5 point likert scale used to assess the attitude and level of satisfaction was assessed by using 4 point likert scale which was devised and collected by the investigator through interview technique. Results: The findings revealed that none of them having adequate knowledge and majority of the consumers were having moderate level of knowledge whereas few of the having inadequate level of knowledge. While considering the attitude majority of them having moderate level of attitude and all of the health care consumers having high level of satisfaction towards OACHC's health care services. Chi-square reveals that most of the consumers were frequently attended the centre, with reasonable visit, by getting information about OACHC, all these were significantly associated with the knowledge, attitude and level of satisfaction score. Conclusion: Majority of health care consumers are having moderate level of knowledge (56.00%) whereas few of the having inadequate level of knowledge(44.00%) while considering the attitude majority of them having moderate level of attitude (52.00%) and all of the health care consumers having high level of satisfaction(100%) towards OACHC's health care services.

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 Keywords

Quality Assurance, Heavy Investment, Health care consumers, utilization of OACHC's health service, heavy investment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The ancient kingdom of Travancore forms the southernmost potion of west cost of India. The kingdom also known as the state of Travancore was an earlier Hindu primitive kingdom up to 1858, and the princely state of India was ruled by royal family of Travancore. Ayilyam Thirunal RamaVarma ruled Travancore from 1860 to 1880. The agrarian reforms introduced during the reign of Ayilyam Thirunal marked a significant transformation in the land relations of the princely state of Travancore. Prior to these reforms, the agrarian structure was characterised by feudal dominance, insecure tenancy, and heavy revenue demands on cultivators. Recognizing the need for administrative modernization and social justice, Ayilyam Thirunal implemented policies aimed at protecting tenants and rationalizing land revenue administration. The reforms not only improved the economic condition of peasants but also weakened the feudal land system that had constrained rural society in Travancore. Collectively, these agrarian measures laid the foundation for later land reforms in Kerala and contributed to the emergence of a more equitable and stable agrarian order.

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 Keywords

Diwan, Jenmis, Kudiyans, Pandara Lands, Ryots.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition