Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Global supply chains have become the new battlefield in a world of geopolitical contention, technological competition, and shifting trade links. This paper studies the shift from a deep globalization period of integrated production networks and soaring trade growth to progressive fragmentation under growing protectionism, geopolitical rivalries, and disruptive crises. It investigates how trade policy instruments like tariffs and export controls are being used with growing frequency to create strategic dependencies and decouple from enemy economies. Case studies, such as the U.S.-China trade war and pandemic-driven disruptions, highlight vulnerabilities of hyper-globalized systems. Novel approaches such as friend-shoring and resilience are considered, as countries look to achieve a tradeoff between efficiency and security requirements. Above all, the analysis is unambiguous: the reorganization of global supply chains signals wider economic seismic shifts that are driving immediate reform throughout the world. The results also add to the nascent policy discussions and lay groundwork for additional research.

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 Keywords

Geopolitics, Fragmentation, Resilience, Weaponization, Friend-shoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The term feminism coming from French and has its origin from the Latin word 'femina' which denotes women. According to the Oxford British Terminology, the term 'Feminism' was first used in the latter aspect of the Nineteenth century and it was described as having the qualities of females. In common, feminism is the ideology of women's independence in all its approaches as a woman who recognizes herself and is identified by others as feminist. The feminist attention is the attention of victimization. As a perception of life, it is in contrast to women's subordination to men in the family and society, along with men' claims to find out which is best for women. To vastly oversimplify, the goal of feminism becomes to eliminate sexist oppression imposed by the patriarchal society which it was thought; would end discrimination against women on the job, in the home and in all areas of Women's' lives.

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 Keywords

Feminism,Sexuality,Victimization,Identity,Subjection,Representation, Ideology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Education is an indispensable need of mankind. It aims at educating the masses to become better citizens and more useful members of society. The district of Sambalpur had played an important role in the field of education and social consciousness during the British rule. Prior to the beginning of first half of the Nineteenth Century, Sambalpur became a main centre for learning in Western Odisha. The primary education was introduced in the district very early. Many of the indigenous school were opened in various placed of Sambalpur. The Secondary and Western education in the district was introduced after the foundation of Zilla School in 1852 at the town of Sambalpur. It is the oldest school in the district. There has been a steady advanced in the education of girls in the Sambalpur district. The Government paid very little attention to backward classes before 1905. After the National Movement for freedom, education of the backward classes received some considerable from the government. First time in Sambalpur district, the untouchable caste pupils were allowed to all general schools. Muhammdans form a very small minority in Sambalpur and Urdu School of Sambalpur is the oldest school in Western Odisha. The present work is the first historical study, strictly speaking of the "Growth of Education and Social Consciousness in Sambalpur during British Rule: - A Retrospect."

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Keywords: - Agitation, Conciliatory, Elite, Hirakhanda, Plucking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For one of the fastest developing countries of the world like India, economic growth and development are the major areas of concern but political development is similarly important which cannot be overlooked. Any discussion regarding political development in India raises the concern about the challenges before political development of the country. Therefore, this paper tries to enquire into the nature of political development in India, explore the major challenges before political development in India and suggest some ways to tackle these challenges.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Political Development, Political Development in India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents a biometric payment system using fingerprint authentication integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to enable secure and cashless transactions. The system authenticates users based on unique fingerprint patterns, eliminating the need for cards, PINs, or passwords. Upon successful verification, payment transactions are processed in real time through a connected database or cloud platform. The proposed system enhances transaction security, reduces fraud, and improves user convenience. Overall, it provides a low-cost, reliable, and scalable solution for modern digital payment applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biometric Payment System, Fingerprint Authentication, ESP32 Microcontroller, Secure Transactions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to modern artificial intelligence applications, yet their effectiveness strongly depends on how user instructions are formulated. Prompt engineering has emerged as a practical technique to guide model behavior without modifying model parameters or performing additional training. This paper presents an empirical benchmarking study of widely used prompt engineering strategies across multiple large language models, including both proprietary and open-source architectures. The study examines zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, role-based, and structured prompting techniques using diverse evaluation tasks such as logical reasoning, text summarization, and code generation. Model performance is evaluated based on accuracy, consistency of responses, and computational latency. Experimental results demonstrate that prompt engineering consistently improves task performance across all models, with chain-of-thought and structured prompts showing the most notable gains. Additionally, smaller and open-source models benefit more significantly from optimized prompts when compared to advanced models with strong baseline capabilities. The findings confirm that prompt engineering is a low-cost, model-agnostic approach for enhancing LLM performance and provide practical guidance for selecting effective prompting strategies in real-world deployments.

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- Large Language Models, Prompt Engineering, Performance Evaluation, Chain-of-Thought, Benchmarking

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In the context of increasing globalization and competitive pressures, organizations are increasingly reliant on effective human resource management (HRM) practices to enhance organizational performance. This study examines the relationship between selected HRM practices--employee incentives, training, selective hiring, job security, and decentralization--and organizational performance, drawing on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV). Data were collected from 430 respondents and analyzed using reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques. Reliability results confirmed acceptable to good internal consistency for all constructs. Correlation analysis revealed that all HRM practices were positively and significantly associated with organizational performance. However, multiple regression results indicated that only decentralization and self-managed teams had a significant positive effect on organizational performance when controlling for other HRM practices. Incentives, training, job security, and selective hiring did not show significant positive effects in the multivariate model, with selective hiring exhibiting a significant but negative relationship. The findings underscore the importance of empowerment-oriented HRM practices and suggest that decentralization plays a critical role in enhancing organizational performance.

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Human Resource Management, Strategic HRM, Organizational Performance, Decentralization, Employee Empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience significant challenges in school participation due to motor impairments, postural difficulties, and environmental barriers within educational settings. Limited accessibility, inadequate classroom design, and lack of appropriate assistive equipment can restrict their engagement in academic, social, and Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of assistive equipment and environmental adaptations in enhancing school participation among children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A school-based, quasi-experimental pre-post study design was employed involving children diagnosed with cerebral palsy attending inclusive school settings. Participants received individualized assistive equipment (such as adaptive seating, mobility aids, writing supports, and classroom access tools) along with targeted environmental adaptations, including classroom layout modifications, accessibility enhancements, and task-specific environmental restructuring.. Results: Post-intervention findings demonstrated a significant improvement in school participation, including enhanced engagement in classroom activities, improved task performance, greater independence in mobility and self-care within the school environment, and increased social interaction with peers. Environmental adaptations reduced physical and contextual barriers, while assistive equipment supported functional performance and sustained participation across academic tasks. Conclusion: The study highlights that the combined use of assistive equipment and environmental adaptations plays a crucial role in promoting meaningful school participation among children with cerebral palsy. Integrating these strategies within inclusive school settings can facilitate accessibility, functional independence, and active engagement, thereby supporting participation-focused, child-centered educational practices.

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Keywords: Cerebral palsy, assistive equipment, environmental adaptations, school participation, inclusive education, occupational therapy.

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The growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy systems has increased the importance of renewable energy-based microgrid development. In Vietnam, microgrid planning involves complex decision making processes that require balancing economic feasibility, technical performance, and environmental sustainability. This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate and rank alternative microgrid configurations, including solar, wind, battery-based, and hybrid solar-wind-battery systems. Expert judgments were collected and structured into pairwise comparison matrices to determine the relative importance of evaluation criteria and alternatives. The results indicate that solar-based microgrid systems achieve the highest overall priority due to their favorable environmental performance and competitive cost characteristics under Vietnam's climatic conditions. Wind-based systems rank second, while hybrid configurations demonstrate strong technical performance but are constrained by higher investment costs and environmental considerations. Battery-only systems are found to be less suitable as standalone solutions. The findings provide a transparent decision support tool for energy planners, industrial managers, and policymakers, contributing to informed microgrid development and sustainable energy planning in Vietnam.

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 Keywords

Microgrid, Renewable Energy, AHP, MCDM, Solar Energy, Vietnam, Environmental Impact

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusion financial inclusion has become one of the key pillars of an inclusive growth process in India, and digital banking is considered to be the most scalable channel to narrowing the urban-rural gap. Karnataka is the state with a high concentration of rural population and a dense network of regional rural banks and cooperative institutions, which has experienced a rapid growth in the number of Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhaar-based payment systems and UPI-based transactions. The present paper describes financial inclusion using the concept of digital banking in rural Karnataka as a secondary research based on the main sources like RBI surveys, NABARD surveys, government reports and recent empirical literature. Chi-square and t-tests are used to test association and mean differences hypotheses. The findings suggest that there are great variations in the levels of adoption in the districts, and the more the district is highly digitally used, the higher the inclusion score, which proves the enabling nature of digital channels. Nevertheless, network gaps, low digital literacy, fear of fraud and language problems have become a barrier to the absolute exploitation of digital services. According to the study, it is necessary to supplement infrastructure and product innovations with specific digital literacy, customer protection systems, and vernacular interfaces in rural Karnataka. The results provide policy-relevant information to banks, regulators and state agencies that aim at enhancing digital financial inclusion at the last mile.

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 Keywords

Digital Payments, Banks, Rural Area, Karnataka, Policy, Literacy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition