Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Social Networking Sites (SNS) have become a significant part of daily life, especially among youth and college students due to easy Smartphone and internet availability. They support online learning, sharing study materials, and academic collaboration, yet excessive use can cause distraction, reduced study time, and poor academic performance. Continuous scrolling may disturb sleep, concentration and productivity. Hence, assessing the influence of SNS on academic achievement becomes important. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of SNS on academic performance of college going students in selected areas of Navsari district, and develop an informational leaflet for healthy and balanced use. Methodology: A Non-experimental quantitative descriptive design was used. Random Sampling Technique was used to select 200 college students from various colleges fall in inclusion criteria. A structured demographic questionnaire and a 25-item Likert scale on Social Networking Sites usage and academic performance was used for data collection. Data Analysis was done by using descriptive inferential statistics. Results: Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data analysis showed a moderate impact of Social Networking Sites on academic performance. Chi-square (36.89, p = 0.0054) indicated a significant association, and correlation (r = -0.503) revealed a moderate negative relationship, with higher usage linked to lower performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that while Social Networking Sites can support academic activities, excessive use may hinder performance. An informational leaflet was developed to promote mindful usage, emphasizing awareness, self-regulation, and time management among college students.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Social Networking Sites, Academic Performance, College Students, Impact, Informational Leaflet, Usage Pattern, SGPA.

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Shakespeare today is not confined to any particular nation or culture having truly attained the stature of one of the most important names in World Literature. Cinema, a relatively new art, but capturing the place of a parallel 'text' (in the academic sense) in the twenty-first century, has always been inspired by Shakespeare. This paper is an attempt to study Shakespeare's influence and the adaptation of his plays in mainstream Indian (Hindi) cinema. It aims at studying the plot of selected Hindi films and trace how they have been shaped by Shakespearean plays. The paper would focus upon the three major Shakespearean tragedies adapted by the veteran filmmaker Vishal Bhardwaj in his movies respectively: Maqbool (released in 2004; based on Shakespeare's Macbeth), Omkara (released in 2006; based on Shakespeare's Othello), Haider (released in 2014; based on Shakespeare's Hamlet). These movies achieved great success in India and what made these Elizabethan plays to attract large number of audience in the mainstream (Hindi) Cinema could be an interesting study.

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 Keywords

World Literature, Influence Study, Adaptation, Mainstream (Hindi) Cinema

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In recent years, the pervasiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to revolutionary changes in the filmmaking industry. In this context, the present study examines the potential for AI to innovate at various stages of the filmmaking process. This study specifically focuses on the role of AI in transforming the Pre-production, Production, Post-production, and Audience Analysis and Marketing stages, along with brief assessments of different AI tools used in these stages. The findings highlight that AI has enormous implications for the filmmaking process. AI-driven tools provide several facilities for script writing and pre-visualization. AI can be a useful tool for preparing realistic budgets and mitigate economic risks. In addition, AI technologies enhance cinematography by using automated moving camera systems and AI-driven drones. In post-production, tedious tasks, such as CGI integration, animation making, voice recording, audio correction, color correction, and color grading, have become much easier with various AI tools and techniques. AI transforms the overall film marketing and distribution process with the help of social networking conversation analysis and large AI-based viewer data-driven personalized marketing techniques. This paper presents case studies of several films to demonstrate AI's impact on the contemporary filmmaking industry. It also discusses AI's limitations and challenges in filmmaking, emphasizing ethical and creative constraints. Undoubtedly, AI opens up opportunities for innovations in filmmaking; however, several regulations must be introduced to ensure artistic integrity as well as preserve jobs in the film industry.

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Filmmaking, Artificial Intelligence, Pre-production, Post-production, Film Marketing, Ethical Challenges

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Abstract This study examines the determinants of hedge fund performance in India with special reference to Category III Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs). Using a sample of 50 hedge funds over a 5-year period (2020-2024), the research analyses the impact of fund size, expense ratio, leverage, and portfolio turnover on risk-adjusted returns (Sharpe ratio). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression are used. The results show that fund size and leverage have a positive and significant relationship with hedge fund performance, while higher expense ratios are negatively associated with returns. Portfolio turnover shows an insignificant relationship. The findings provide useful implications for fund managers, investors, and regulators in the Indian alternative investment space.

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Hedge Fund Performance, Sharpe Ratio, Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression.

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Abstract Social work education, in general demands intensive academic engagement coupled with emotionally challenging field work experiences, particularly within medical and psychiatric settings. This study explores the nature, prevalence, and determinants of emotional burnout among postgraduate social work students undergoing clinical fieldwork training in Chennai. This study used a qualitative research design and data were collected from 30 female MSW students through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Major findings of the study revealed higher levels of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, intrusive thoughts, physical decline, absenteeism, and reduced academic performance among the respondents. Key stressors include exposure to trauma and critical incidents, inadequate supervision, role ambiguity, and personal vulnerabilities. Students also reported changes in identity expression, diminished self-esteem, and difficulty in managing their emotions during the field work hours and the impact continued even after signing out the clinical agency. This study highlights significant gaps in institutional support systems within social work training programs.

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Emotional exhaustion, Emotional burnout, Personal vulnerabilities etc.

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The TRIPS Agreement plays a foundational role in shaping modern intellectual property law across the world. At its core, TRIPS establishes a baseline of protections that all WTO Member States must implement within their domestic legal systems. These are minimum standards, meaning that countries cannot offer weaker IP protection than what TRIPS mandates, but they are free to adopt stronger protections if they choose, provided this does not conflict with the obligations of the treaty. Under TRIPS, the minimum standards cover several key dimensions: the subject matter to be protected, the exact rights conferred to IP holders, permissible exceptions to these rights, and the minimum duration of protection in each category. For example, patents must be made available for any invention in all fields of technology and protected for at least 20 years from the filing date. Copyright protection must align with the substantive provisions of the Berne Convention, often translated in practice into terms of at least 50 years. Trademarks must be registrable and renewable, and rights holders must have effective remedies against infringement. Importantly, while TRIPS sets these floors, it also acknowledges that legal traditions and developmental priorities differ across countries. Thus, it allows flexibility in implementation-Member States determine how to embed these minimum standards in their laws, balancing public interest and economic welfare with the core obligations of the agreement. This balance ensures that the minimum standards are meaningful but not rigidly uniform, recognizing the diverse legal and social contexts of WTO Members.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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TRIPS, minimum standards, intellectual property protection, WTO Member obligations, flexibility, implementation, patents, copyright, trademarks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The stylistic approach to teaching of poetry takes on linguistic analysis to simplify poems, focusing on how conscious language choices--such as deviation, foregrounding, and parallelism--construct meaning and effect. Unlike subjective or historical methods, it treats poetry as a linguistic artifact, enabling students to objectively explore features like metaphor, syntax shifts, register changes, and irony through close reading. This method fosters analytical skills in vocabulary, grammar, and discourse, particularly benefiting ESL learners by bridging familiar language rules with poetic innovation. It promotes student autonomy via interactive tasks, such as tracing lexical patterns or contrasting representational dialogue, shifting from teacher-led interpretation to collaborative discovery Pedagogical language activities begin with oral readings for rhythm, progressing to annotations of cohesion and parody, enhancing engagement and deeper cognitive process. Overall, it transforms poetry from intimidating to accessible, equipping learners for nuanced textual analysis

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ELT, ESL,&, metaphor, autonomy, linguistic, method, approach & Technique, pedagogical, parallelism, language, discovery, theory, dialogue, collaborative, foregrounding

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 Abstract

Sagar sambhag me anusuchit jati ke antragat Ahirwar samaj ki samajik avm sanskriti k sthti ka vishleshan ak adhyan

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Sagar sambhag me anusuchit jati ke antragat Ahirwar samaj ki samajik avm sanskriti k sthti ka vishleshan ak adhyan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract In the context of Indian literature, marginalization is a representation of various aspects. So, in India there are so many points which show the marginalizations like Dalit, Female, Tribal and gender bias. The situation whereby something or someone is pushed to the edge of a group and accorded lesser importance or little importance at all is termed to be marginalized. This is predominantly a social phenomenon by which a minority or sub-group is excluded, and their needs and desires are ignored. Throughout the world millions of people are affected by this experience of marginality. The marginalized people have little control over their lives and the resources available to them. Due to this they are like handicapped and powerless in the society. The inhuman treatment meted to the marginalized prevents them from participating in local life. Marginalisation deprives a large majority of the people from participating in the development. Many English writers in India have been writing about the social exclusion of the so-called low caste and about their sufferings and exploitations that they undergo without resistance or protest. Writers like Mulkraj Anand, Raja Rao, Bhabani Battaacharya, Arundati Roy have all discussed in a very elaborate way the sufferings and the pitiable plight of this socially excluded group. But Anita Nair has tried to give a warning to the society by depicting what will happen if the weaker sections of the society retaliate. The paper focuses on this aspect with reference to Anita Nair's The Better Man.

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Keywords: marginalization, bias, minority, inhuman, social exclusion, exploitation, resistance, protest

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sublingual drug delivery represents a promising alternative route for systemic medication administration, offering significant advantages over conventional oral formulations. The sublingual region exhibits superior permeability compared to other oral mucosal areas due to its thin epithelium (100-200 ?m), extensive vascularization, and high blood flow. This comprehensive review examines the anatomical basis of sublingual absorption, mechanisms of drug transport, formulation strategies including fast-dissolving tablets and advanced delivery systems, and emerging technologies for improving sublingual bioavailability. The sublingual route enables drugs to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism, achieving bioavailability improvements of 3-10 times compared to conventional oral administration. Clinical applications include cardiovascular medications, analgesics, antiemetics, and emergency medications where rapid onset of action is required. Despite advantages, challenges including drug stability, taste masking, and patient compliance require continued research. This review synthesizes current knowledge and future perspectives on sublingual drug delivery systems, highlighting innovations in formulation technologies, permeation enhancement strategies, and personalized medicine applications. Emerging trends including nanoparticle-based systems, biocompatible polymers, and digital health integration represent promising future directions for optimizing sublingual drug delivery efficacy and patient outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sublingual drug delivery, bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, fast-dissolving tablets, oral mucosal delivery, formulation technologies, permeation enhancement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition