Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This paper analyzes the implementation and effectiveness of Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) in Indian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) amidst a rapidly evolving digital landscape. It examines the impact of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations (2018) and the recent All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) guidelines (2025). Statistical data from the Ministry of Education's ShodhShuddhi initiative and independent audits reveals a massive scale of adoption, with over 3.5 million documents scanned via state-sponsored tools.1 However, the study identifies a critical "integrity crisis" driven by Generative AI (Gen AI), with 86% of students reportedly using AI tools, challenging the efficacy of traditional detection mechanisms. The paper concludes with an assessment of the "cat-and-mouse" dynamic between detection software and AI-generated content.

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 Keywords

Academic Integrity, Educational Technology, Higher Education Policy, Plagiarism Detection Software

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In Ayurveda, Bala means strength, which refers to both physical and mental power, and is frequently used interchangeably with Ojas. Ojas is the subtle, vital essence or nectar of the body, the ultimate byproduct of healthy digestion and tissue formation, representing peak vitality, immunity (Vyadhikshamatva), and spiritual strength., Bala is a multifaceted concept that encompasses both physical and psychological strength, as well as the capacity developed in reaction to antigen exposure and the body's resistance to disease manifestation. Additionally, it is often used interchangeably with elements that contribute to strength, nourishment, and stability within the body, including Oja, Vyadhikshamatva, Balya, Sara, Balavriddhikara Bhava, and Prakrita Sleshma. Ojas is the component within the body that provides strength, energy, and vitality, enhances immune function, and supports overall health.This article focused on the relation beteween Oja and Bala concept in Ayurveda

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Bala,Ojas, Vyadhikshamatva, Sara, Balavrudhikar Bhava

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Wildlife conservation requires consistent and accu rate monitoring of animal populations and behaviors. Tradi tional manual methods are time-consuming, error-prone, and unsuitable for large-scale ecological studies. This paper presents InstaWild, an autonomous wildlife monitoring system powered by YOLOv8 object detection and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for behavior recognition. The system identifies multiple animal species including deer, elephants, and zebras, analyzes behavioral patterns, generates automated reports, and provides actionable insights for conservation professionals. The proposed framework achieves high accuracy and reliability even under variable lighting, occlusions, and environmental disturbances. The system integrates a responsive web interface built with ReactJS, a robust Flask backend, and MongoDB database for scalable data storage and retrieval. Experimental results demon strate significant improvements in species recognition efficiency and behavioral inference accuracy, establishing the system as a comprehensive digital solution for ecological monitoring and biodiversity research with practical applications for conservation teams worldwide.

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 Keywords

Computer Vision, YOLOv8, Wildlife Moni toring, Behavior Recognition, Conservation Technology, Deep Learning, Object Detection, Real-Time Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract :- Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has become a transformative force in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Unlike traditional rule-based or physics-driven models, ML techniques learn directly from large datasets, enabling efficient prediction, optimization, and design of chemical structures. Early applications of AI in drug discovery mainly involved quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models, which were limited by linear assumptions and sparse data. Recent advances in computing power, algorithm development, and the availability of large chemical databases such as ChEMBL have significantly expanded AI capabilities. Today, AI is widely applied in QSAR modeling, virtual screening, ADMET and toxicity prediction, and bioactivity assessment across drug development pipelines. Generative models, including recurrent neural networks and variational autoencoders, support de novo molecular design by creating novel compounds with desired properties. AI has also improved synthetic route planning through deep learning-based retrosynthesis, producing efficient and practical synthesis pathways. Additionally, active learning enhances the design-make-test cycle by reducing experimental redundancy and cost. Despite challenges related to data quality, interpretability, reproducibility, and extrapolation beyond known chemical space, AI functions best as a supportive tool that complements human expertise. Overall, AI is becoming an essential component of modern pharmaceutical research and drug development.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, QSAR/QSPR, Virtual Screening, ADMET Prediction, De novo Molecular Design, Synthetic Route Planning, Active Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urban growth, especially small and medium-sized towns in India, is a crucial sign of socio-economic development. In Bolpur Municipality, which is situated in Birbhum district of West Bengal, this study investigates the nature and traits of urban expansion. Cultural significance of Bolpur town and its educational institutions (particularly Visva-Bharati University), and growing tourism activities have made it a significant urban centre. The study examines population growth, spatial expansion, changes in land use, and the town's functional development using secondary data from municipal sources and Census records. The results show consistent population growth, urban area development, and increasing strain on municipal services and infrastructure. The report emphasizes that to properly manage future growth, urban development must be planned and sustainable.

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 Keywords

Urban growth, Population growth, Spatial expansion, Land use, Urban development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gastric headache, also referred to as a "stomach headache," is a functional disorder characterized by dull, throbbing frontal head pain arising from digestive disturbances such as indigestion, trapped gas, or acid reflux. The condition reflects a close connection between the gut and brain, mediated through neural pathways such as the vagus nerve, and is commonly observed in the paediatric age group. This case study presents an 8-year-old boy suffering from recurrent gastric headache associated with nausea and vomiting. Conventional and acute homoeopathic management provided only temporary relief, with recurrence of symptoms. A detailed case analysis based on homoeopathic principles of individualization led to the selection of a constitutional remedy, which resulted in complete and sustained relief without recurrence. This case emphasizes the effectiveness of constitutional homoeopathic treatment in the management of gastric headache in children.

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Gastric Headache; Homoeopathy; Alumina; Gut-Brain Axis; Paediatric Case Study; Constitutional Remedy.

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Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), is a leading cause of death, with 10.7 million new cases and 1.23 million deaths expected worldwide by 2024. The Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase protein (hpt) belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyl transferase (PRTase) family and is used to discover active ligand molecules that inhibit the purine salvage pathway. The homology simulated 3D model was created with modeler 9.13 software. The final structure was validated, and the active site was identified using pre-requisite predictitions. The protein's three-dimensional structure consists of nine sheets and twelve helices. The grid was built on the active site, followed by virtual screening using the drug bank ligand database. The majority of the lead compounds acquired contain imidazole moieties and derivatives as pharmacophore groups in their structures. The target protein amino acid residues identified by virtual screening are Val69, Asp74, Arg77, Ile79, and Pro80, which are critical for ligand binding. The chosen lead compounds have permitted ADME characteristics and can inhibit the purine salvage pathway in Mtb. The imidazole structural scaffolds can be found in the ligand molecules of docked complexes Lig1, Lig 2, and Lig 3.

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 Keywords

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Purine salvage pathway, Modeller, Virtual screening, ADME.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Lower- or higher-education students always desire an enjoyable, dynamic, active, and vivid learning environment. Technological development and its assistance in education help offer a dynamic learning environment. Digitalization in education also brings drastic changes to the educational scene. The latest trends are artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality. This study focuses on the extent of computer science faculty knowledge of applying the latest digital trends in education. One hundred fifty computer science faculties were selected as the sample for this study. The researcher developed the knowledge Inventory of Computer Science Faculties on AI, AR, and VR. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to test the formulated hypothesis. An independent sample t-test and an ANOVA were applied to the data. The study found that gender, locality of the respondent, educational qualification, and the faculty's teaching experience do not have a differential effect on their knowledge of AI, AR, and VR.

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 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, augmented reality, computer science teachers, higher education, knowledge, virtual reality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Santal community another major Scheduled Tribe group in Indian subcontinent, is significantly facing considerable educational and socio-economic challenge. Against this backdrop, a thorough examination of gender disparities in the current education system of the Santal community in the Kharagpur sub-division of Paschim Midnapur district in West Bengal is necessary. The main objective of this study is to observed and analyze the current educational status, gender disparity, and the impact of education on the socio-economic status of Santal community in six blocks of Kharagpur sub-division. This study used a non-probability sampling method. Primary data was collected through questioner and group discussion, and secondary data was collected from government website, report and relevant research paper. Microsoft excel software and ArcGIS 10.8 software were used as research tools. Research indicates that the current education scenario of the Santal Tribe in the six (Dantan-I; Dantan-II; Debra; Kesiary; Narayangrah & Mohanpur) blocks of Kharagpur Sub-division is for behind the general cast and the impact of gender inequality in education is directly affecting their socio-economic condition. In term of gender, female is comparatively ahead of men in the field of education. The findings of this research suggest that interventions such as the kanya Shree project, addressing language discrimination, implementing culturally relevant curriculum, and promoting education and improved living standards will make an essential contribution to the sustainable socio-economic development of the Santal community in the study area.

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 Keywords

Education, Scenario, Gender Disparities, Santal, Tribe, Community.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The capital, in it's all the forms, is the fundamental element of life on this planet and the economics of it is the fundamental principle. It is the possession and independency of individual, in terms of capital, is the key to have life standards, identity, honour, equality and finally the power in decision-making spectrum at every level of his/her formal and informal life pattern and social structure. Unfortunately, the women lagged nearly in all respect to participate and represent their potential for the development of self, their family, community belonging and the nation as a whole. This communication attempts to address: what is women's empowerment? What is the gender equality? why and how should we empower women first towards economic and financial independency under achieving gender equality? Further, attempt has been made to understand how this gender inequality came into picture as a norm in Indian Social Fabric under good faith but now it has become the basic hurdle for women empowerment in 21st century. Along with these, the concept of Synergistic Effect has been introduced for the empowered human resource working force and related vibrant work-force culture at the workplace, to attain the desired efficacy in production quality and quantity, happiness index in satisfaction and fullness of having positive vibes in every situation in day to day life.

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 Keywords

Economic Dimension, Women Empowerment, Gender Equality, Synergistic Effect.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition