Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The rise of Indian nationalism was a layered and dynamic process, and Bengal stood at the forefront during its formative years. Being the first region to come under direct British control, Bengal experienced both the detrimental consequences of colonial rule and the awakening of political awareness. The cultural and intellectual resurgence known as the Bengal Renaissance driven by reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar created the groundwork for nationalist thought. The 1905 Partition of Bengal became a turning point, sparking the Swadeshi Movement, which marked a decisive shift toward widespread political engagement and self-reliance through indigenous means. Bengal also emerged as the epicenter of revolutionary movements, with organizations like Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar leading armed resistance against colonial authority. Furthermore, the region's influence in education, literature, and cultural revival helped amplify the nationalist spirit throughout India. This paper explores the diverse ways in which Bengal shaped and sustained Indian nationalism, cementing its role as a cornerstone in the country's fight for freedom.

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Bengal Renaissance, Swadeshi Movement, Indian Nationalism, Partition of Bengal, Revolutionary Activities

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A study of personality adjustment of secondary level students of Basti district.

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A study of personality adjustment of secondary level students of Basti district.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bureaucratic reforms are crucial for improving governance, enhancing administrative efficiency, and ensuring public accountability. Across the world, governments have implemented reforms to reduce procedural delays, simplify administrative structures, and make service delivery more citizen-friendly. In India, bureaucratic reforms have been introduced at the national and state levels to address systemic inefficiencies, corruption, and governance challenges. This paper examines the impact of bureaucratic reforms on governance, with a focus on reforms aimed at reducing red tape, improving efficiency, and enhancing accountability. Using a mixed-method approach--reviewing government reports, analyzing case studies, and interviewing public officials--the study highlights key areas where reforms have had a positive effect and identifies ongoing challenges. Findings suggest that reforms such as e-governance, delegation of powers, process simplification, and performance appraisal systems have improved service delivery, reduced delays, and increased transparency. However, challenges remain due to political interference, resistance to change, and inadequate monitoring mechanisms. Recommendations include institutionalizing reforms, strengthening capacity building, and promoting citizen participation to maximize the benefits of bureaucratic reform.

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Old English, Modern English, Grammar Evolution, Linguistic Change, Syntax, Morphology, Inflection, Language Contact

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National Education Policy 2020: Issues, Opportunities and Challenges

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National Education Policy 2020: Issues, Opportunities and Challenges

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Value-oriented education is essential for a respectable society because values are diminishing day by day in present society. Today, anti-social activities, immoral activities, corruption, drugs addictions, etc. are increasing in the society. Only through the instrument of value-oriented education can we solve the growing problems in society. Since value-oriented education is essential not only for the present society but also for the future society. There is a great need for in-depth research on value-oriented education. Value-oriented education scale was constructed and standardized by investigator. The sample for the investigation consisted of 1200 intermediate students in the old chittoor district.A 2x3 factorial design for interaction of mother occupation vs economic position of the family on the attitude of intermediate students towards value-oriented education and mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, Anova were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that both mother occupation and economic position of the family have significant influence on attitude of intermediate students towards value oriented education at 0.05 level. It is advised to provide economic facilities for various groups of economic position of the family.

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Value-Oriented Education, Mother Occupation, Economic Position of Family.

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The Mizoram Universal Health Care Scheme (MUHCS) aims to provide accessible, cashless healthcare to reduce the financial burden of hospitalization. This study evaluates the efficacy of MUHCS by surveying 20 patients--10 each from empanelled and non-empanelled hospitals--using a structured questionnaire and analyzing secondary data from official handbooks. SPSS was applied for data analysis and cross-tabulations. Findings reveal that patients in empanelled hospitals benefit from cashless treatment, incur lower out-of-pocket expenses, and report higher satisfaction, while non-empanelled hospital patients face greater financial hardship. Challenges include limited hospital empanelment, low awareness, slow claim processing, and insufficient collaboration between private hospitals and the government. Respondents recommend expanding public hospitals, increasing awareness, ensuring faster processing, and fostering better coordination with private hospitals. The study concludes that MUHCS has positively impacted healthcare access and financial protection, but strategic improvements are necessary to maximize its benefits and efficiency.

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Mizoram Universal Health Care Scheme, cashless healthcare, empanelled hospitals, patient satisfaction, financial protection, health insurance, healthcare accessibility

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The integration of digital technology into English Language Teaching (ELT) has significantly transformed pedagogical practices in secondary education. Technology-assisted ELT offers opportunities to enhance learner engagement, language skill development, and instructional effectiveness. Teachers' attitudes play a crucial role in determining the success of technology integration in classrooms. The present study investigates secondary school English teachers' attitudes towards technology-assisted ELT, identifies factors influencing these attitudes, and examines challenges encountered during implementation. A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected from 123 secondary school English teachers drawn from Ajmer, Jaipur, Pilani, and Rewari using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and ANOVA) were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that teachers generally hold positive attitudes towards technology-assisted ELT, particularly in relation to learner motivation, language skill development, and classroom interaction. Inferential analysis indicates that teachers' attitudes differ significantly based on teaching experience and location, but not gender. However, inadequate professional training, infrastructural limitations, time constraints, and lack of technical support continue to hinder effective integration. The study concludes that sustained professional development, region-specific institutional support, and context-sensitive policy interventions are essential for the meaningful and equitable integration of technology in secondary ELT classrooms.

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Technology-assisted ELT, teachers' attitudes, secondary education, digital pedagogy, inferential analysis, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??, ?????, ?????????, ????? ???, ????????, ?????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????

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???? ??? ?? ???, ??????? ???? ?? ????????????

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Political discourse in contemporary poets and their poetry: a consciousness

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Political discourse in contemporary poets and their poetry: a consciousness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Adhunik Bihar Ke Unnayak: Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

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Adhunik Bihar Ke Unnayak: Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition