Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Background: MS, or multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition that often reduces equilibrium and raises the possibility of falls, significantly affecting patients' mobility and quality of life. Exercise therapy is a key intervention in MS rehabilitation, yet the comparative impact of group versus individual exercise remains underexplored. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of group exercise to increase equilibrium and lower the hazard of falls in multiple sclerosis of individuals with, compared to individual exercise and no intervention. Methodology: A total of 45 participants diagnosed with MS were casually assigned into three groups: A of Group (group exercise), Group B (individual exercise), and Group C (control). Sessions were held 3 times a week for eight weeks through the intervention. Balance and fall risk were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the The Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: Participants in Group A showed significant improvement in BBS and TUG scores and reported a reduced fear of falling compared to B and C cohorts (p < 0.05). Group B. Also demonstrated improvement, though less pronounced than Group A. The control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Group exercise is additional effective than individual exercise or no intervention in enlightening equilibrium and reducing fall risks among MS patients. These findings suggest that incorporating group-based physical activity into MS rehabilitation programs may enhance functional outcomes and promote social engagement.

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 Keywords

Fall risk, balance, multiple sclerosis, group exercise, rehabilitation, and comparative analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biometric authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring secure and reliable identity verification in modern digital systems. Traditional biometric methods such as fingerprints, iris, or facial recognition often face challenges related to duplication, spoofing, and environmental interference. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents an IoT-based ECG person identification system that utilizes the unique electrical activity of the human heart as a biometric signature. The proposed system employs an AD8232 ECG sensor interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller to capture and transmit real-time ECG signals. Machine learning algorithms analyze extracted ECG features to classify known and unknown users with high accuracy. The integration of IoT enables remote monitoring and continuous authentication, ensuring enhanced data security and usability. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves reliable, non-invasive, and tamper-resistant authentication suitable for healthcare, defense, and smart access applications

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 Keywords

ECG-based authentication, Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, ESP32 microcontroller, Biometric identification, Real-time monitoring, Secure access control.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This mathematical work was aimed to find the value which is fundamental to pi (?), for this purpose the search through calculations was carried out. This value was found to be 0.67592629..., which yields not only values related to pi such as 1.77245385, 1.36913881, 0.29457572 etc. but also value of pi itself. This value is fundamental to its derived constant pi (?).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pi

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act 2005 Domestic Violence Is Physical, Psychological, Sexual, Economic, Verbal Violence By Another Member Of The Family.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Domestic Violence, Types of Domestic Violence, Physical, Psychological, Economic, Sexual, Protection Officer, Family Incident Report, Notice, Counselling, Settlement, Order, Response Appellant, Defendant Evidence, Cross-examination, Decision, Error

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Low Back Ache (LBA) refers to pain, stiffness, or discomfort localized between the lower rib margin and the gluteal folds, with or without leg radiation. Chronic nonspecific low back pain more common in healthcare professionals, nurses are more prone to develop low back pain due to heavy workload. lumbar motor control exercises (MCE) and SNAGs mobilization were proven more effective individually but there is no recent comparative study available. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness between MCE and SNAGs in reducing pain, improving ROM and reducing functional disability in patients with CNSLBP among working nurses. Method: An experimental study design, A total of 60 individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=30) and Group B (n=30). Subjects in group A receives lumbar motor control exercises and group B receives SNAGS mobilization. Interventions are given for 3 days per week, 2 sessions per day for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t- test to compare variables with in group and paired t-test is used to compare the variables between groups after completion of 4 weeks of inverventions. Results: At the end of 4 weeks, when comapared within groups both groups shouwed significant difference (p<0.05) but when compared on post test values between groups MCE showed significant improvement than snag's in terms of VAS, MMST, MODI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that eventhough both therapeutic modalities are effective, MCE is more effective than SNAGs mobilization in the management of nonspecific low back pain among working nurses.

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 Keywords

Chronic nonspecific low back pain, lumbar motor control exercises, SNAGs mobilization, Visual Analogue Scale, Modified Modified Schober's test, Modified Oswetry Disability Index.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact of Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme on the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy and Practical Perspectives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact of Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme on the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy and Practical Perspectives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast-paced digital era, individuals encounter vast amounts of information through documents, articles, and reports. Reading and comprehending all this content can be time-consuming and challenging. To address this issue, this project presents an Intelligent Document Summarization System that automatically condenses lengthy documents while preserving their key ideas and essential meaning. The system supports multiple file formats, including PDF, TXT, and DOCX, and employs advanced text extraction and summarization techniques to produce concise and coherent summaries. It also offers multilingual support for English, Hindi, and Marathi, enhancing accessibility for diverse users. Additionally, the system integrates real-time related news retrieval, enabling users to stay informed on topics relevant to their documents. Users can easily copy, download, or share summaries, and with secure login and authentication, they can save and manage their summary history. Overall, this project delivers a smart, efficient, and user-friendly solution for managing and understanding large volumes of information, ultimately helping users save time and enhance productivity

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Intelligent Document Summarization, Text Summarization, Automatic Summarization, Multi-format Document Support (PDF, TXT, DOCX), Text Extraction, Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Multisensory learning is a teaching approach that engages multiple senses--visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile--to enhance understanding and retention. In primary education, where children learn best through experience and play, multisensory techniques help connect abstract concepts to concrete experiences. This paper examines the effectiveness of multisensory learning in improving comprehension, memory, and motivation among primary students. Drawing on the theories of Orton and Gillingham, Piaget, and Gardner, it emphasizes that integrating sensory activities strengthens neural connections and supports diverse learning styles. Empirical evidence suggests that multisensory instruction benefits all learners, particularly those with learning difficulties such as dyslexia. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for implementing multisensory methods in classrooms for holistic and inclusive learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multisensory Learning, Primary Education, Teaching Methods, Learning Styles, Inclusive Education, Sensory Integration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that empowers learners to analyze, evaluate, and make reasoned judgments. In primary education, the development of critical thinking lays the groundwork for creativity, problem-solving, and lifelong learning. This paper explores the importance of fostering critical thinking skills among young learners and the pedagogical strategies used to nurture them. Drawing from constructivist theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Dewey, it discusses how inquiry-based learning, discussion, and reflective activities enhance reasoning and independent thought. Empirical studies show that early critical thinking instruction improves academic performance, decision-making, and communication. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating critical thinking into the primary curriculum through active, reflective, and collaborative learning experiences.

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Critical Thinking, Primary Education, Constructivism, Inquiry Learning, Problem Solving, Reflection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the mutual fund investment habits and patterns of working professionals, with an emphasis on the variables that affect their selections, the kinds of mutual funds they choose, and how market changes affect their decisions. The study illustrates how working professionals rank investments according to risk tolerance, financial objectives, income level, and financial knowledge through a combination of surveys, data analysis, and case studies. To better serve the interests of this expanding investor category, the study attempts to offer a framework for financial advisors and institutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Investment patterns, Mutual funds, Working professionals, Financial behavior, Risk tolerance, Investment decisions, Financial literacy, Market fluctuations, Investment objectives, Income level, Investment preferences, Portfolio management, Financial planning, Investor awareness, Investment strategy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition