Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

The article considers scenography as one of the key components in the formation of the presentation space of a fashion show -- as a form of monumental decorative art and the art of arrangement, which is the result of the collective work of designers, artists, and technical teams. The decorative design of the space reveals the central theme of the collection, supports its concept, gives the show a unified form, enhances the emotional impact of the show on the audience, and shapes its stylistic identity. The study identifies the differences between decorations for fashion shows and stage or cinematographic decorations. The principles of creating decorations for fashion shows are formulated. The main types of decorations for open and closed locations -- interior, landscape, special, and projection -- are considered in the context of the design of modern presentation spaces.

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 Keywords

scenography, presentation space, decorations, fashion show, fashion show production.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Maintaining a nutritious diet is essential for human healthier life. Making poor food choices and consuming unhealthy meals are the main causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Edible fruits including wild and commercially available fruits are rich source of nutritional contents. Most of the studies shows, rural people traditionally harvest wide range of leafy vegetables, roots, tubers, fruits from wild because of its taste, cultural uses, as food supplements or to tide over food shortage. The present study explored the nutritional status of the fruit of 10 wild and 10 commercial fruits by profiling their physical properties (color, taste and smell) and biochemical attributes such as carbohydrate, sugar, protein, and vitamins. The present work identified superior/identical nutritional status in terms in terms of color, odor, taste and Vitamin content in noncultivated indigenous forest species, i.e., Annona muricata, Annona squiamosa, Elaeocarpus serratus, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale , Phyllanthus emblica , Ixora coccinea , Averrhoa carambola , Zizipus oenopolia and Syzygium jambos comparable to the cultivated fruits like Carica papaya, Passiflora edulis, Hylocereus undatus, Citrullus lanatus, Vitis vinifera, Actinidia chinensis, Malus pumila etc. The analysis indicate the scope of using wild edible fruits for dietary supplement since it has valuable ingredients as Iron, Sodium, Potassium and Calcium. Many other fruits of forest therefore need to be analyzed which could help in selecting promising species for inclusion in agro and farm-forestry and reforestation programme which have so far focused only on timber species. Wild fruit plantation not only improves food base for humans it helps in sustaining wild animals particularly herbivore and bird population. Further research on anti- nutrients and antioxidants of wild species would be useful in selecting nutritious fruits from wild resources of eastern India. Of particular importance are Annona muricata, Annona squiamosa, Elaeocarpus serratus, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Phyllanthus emblica, Averrhoa carambola and Syzygium jambos that had significant level of micronutrient and minerals which are promising species for promotion as backyard planting especially farming systems suffering from crop loss, food shortage and chronic malnutrition.

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Key words: wild edible fruits, nutritional analysis, commercially cultivated fruits.

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Background: Raising a child with disability presents a lifelong challenge for both the parents and other family members and adapting to the nature of the illness can lead to disturbances within the family across multiple aspects. Aim: This study aims to compare parental stress, family burden and coping among parents of children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: The current study was an observational study with a descriptive correlational design. It included 106 parents of children with ID (n=54) and ASD (n=52). Assessments of parental stress, family burden and coping were conducted using Parental Stress Scale, Family Burden Interview Schedule, Coping Checklist and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support respectively, through telephonic interviews, conducted by Master of Science (M.Sc.) Nursing student, during COVID-19 period. Results: There was a significant difference in overall parental stress (p=0.04) and overall perceived social support (p=0.01) between both groups. Parents of children with ID experienced greater parental stress, whereas, parents of children with ASD perceived high social support. Moreover, in this study, after performing bivariate analysis, there was difference in correlates of parental stress, family burden and coping between the two groups. Conclusion: Parents of children with ID often experiences high levels of parental stress. Nurses can play an important role in identifying stress, burden and maladaptive coping, and hence introducing positive coping skills, forming and encouraging family support groups to increase their social support, potentially reducing parental stress.

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 Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder; Burden; Coping; Intellectual Disability and Stress.

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The burden of proof is a cornerstone of legal proceedings, serving as the mechanism to determine which party must substantiate their claims in a dispute. In India, this principle has evolved over centuries, shaped by its colonial legacy, constitutional framework, and an expanding body of jurisprudence. The traditional allocation of the burden of proof has adhered to the maxim semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit, placing the responsibility squarely on the party asserting a fact. However, in recent years, legislative interventions and judicial pronouncements have begun to recalibrate this distribution, particularly in the context of complex litigation. This research article examines how these shifts have redefined the dynamics of the burden of proof in India and evaluates their implications for litigants, legal practitioners, and the judiciary. Complex litigation, characterized by multifaceted issues, voluminous evidence, and multiple stakeholders, challenges the conventional approach to burden allocation. Recent legal reforms, including amendments to procedural laws and the introduction of sector-specific statutes, have sought to redistribute this burden in certain cases, especially those involving environmental disputes, corporate fraud, and gender-based violence. For instance, the reversal of the burden of proof in cases under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and specific provisions of the Indian Penal Code reflects a conscious shift towards empowering the aggrieved party while ensuring judicial efficiency. However, these changes also raise critical questions about fairness, due process, and the potential erosion of foundational legal principles such as the presumption of innocence. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this article explores the historical context and theoretical foundations of the burden of proof in Indian jurisprudence. It delves into the recent legislative changes and judicial interpretations that have reshaped its application in complex litigation. By analyzing landmark cases, the article highlights emerging trends in the redistribution of evidentiary responsibilities, emphasizing their practical consequences for litigants and legal professionals. Comparative insights from international jurisdictions are also incorporated to offer a broader perspective on these shifts. The findings of this research underscore the dual-edged nature of the evolving burden of proof standards. While these reforms enhance access to justice for vulnerable parties and address systemic inequalities, they also introduce challenges, including increased litigation costs, the risk of procedural inefficiencies, and potential misuse by litigants. The article critiques the piecemeal approach to these changes, advocating for a more cohesive and balanced legal framework. It argues that the principles of equity, judicial discretion, and procedural fairness must guide the ongoing transformation of the burden of proof in complex litigation. In conclusion, this article contributes to the broader discourse on legal reform in India by shedding light on the interplay between legislative innovation and judicial interpretation in shaping procedural norms. It calls for a nuanced understanding of the socio-legal implications of burden-shifting mechanisms and emphasizes the need for reforms that are not only legally sound but also equitable and inclusive. By doing so, the article aims to inform policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars about the potential and pitfalls of these transformative shifts, ensuring that justice remains the ultimate goal of the Indian legal system.

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 Keywords

Burden of Proof; Complex Litigation; Legal Innovations; Access to Justice, and Evidentiary Shifts.

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Fraud detection in bank payments using machine learning is a critical area of aimed at preventing financial losses and enhancing security. Traditional fraud detection methods, such as manual verification and rule-based systems, are often time-consuming, expensive, and prone to inaccuracies. Machine learning

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Index Terms - Fraud, detection, bank, financial, rule-based systems.

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In today's digital landscape web applications have become an integral part of business operations data management and communication. However the growing dependency on dynamic websites has made them a primary target for cyberattacks particularly SQL Injection (SQLi) one of the most common and severe web security vulnerabilities. SQL injection attacks exploit improper input validation in database-driven applications allowing attackers to manipulate queries retrieve sensitive data or even gain unauthorized system access.This paper presents the design and implementation of a SQL Injection Detection Tool that automates the identification of SQLi vulnerabilities in web applications. The proposed system analyzes input fields and query structures to detect malicious SQL payloads using pattern matching regular expressions and keyword-based anomaly detection. The tool also classifies injection attempts by type generates real-time alerts and provides detailed vulnerability reports for developers. Developed using Python Flask and MySQL the system aims to assist both developers and security analysts by offering a lightweight scalable and user-friendly interface for proactive vulnerability testing. Through experimental evaluation the tool demonstrates high accuracy in identifying SQLi patterns and ensures enhanced web application security. The proposed solution contributes to building safer online environments by emphasizing preventive detection over reactive mitigation aligning with the modern goals of secure software engineering and ethical hacking practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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SQL Injection, Cybersecurity, Vulnerability Detection,Web Application Security,Python Flask ,Database Protection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Young citizens are saturated with digital messages from brands, influencers, political actors, and peers. This study examines how adolescents and young adults in India interpret media and advertising and how those interpretations relate to digital citizenship--civic awareness, participatory behaviors, and norms of respectful, responsible engagement online. Using a mixed-methods design, we combine (a) a cross-sectional survey of N = 412 youth (15-24 years) from five Indian states with (b) 24 semi-structured interviews. We operationalize media literacy (critical comprehension of message construction and intent), advertising skepticism, influencer trust, and digital citizenship engagement (DCE). Descriptive statistics indicate high exposure to short-video and influencer content; reliability of multi-item scales ranged from ? = .79 to .86. Multivariate models show that media literacy strongly predicts DCE (? = .31, p < .001), even after controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status, and daily screen time. Advertising exposure frequency is associated with higher ad skepticism (? = .22, p < .01) but lower DCE when influencer trust is high (interaction ? = -.11, p = .03), suggesting persuasive environments can dampen civic orientation among highly influencer-receptive youth. Interviews reveal three interpretive repertoires: savvy sorting (critical filtering), relational trust (parasocial cues and peer validation), and civic carryover (translating critical ad skills into civic fact-checking and reporting). We conclude that targeted media-and-advertising literacy--especially around influencer disclosures and platform affordances--can strengthen digital citizenship competencies. Policy implications include strengthening school-based media literacy, standardizing influencer ad disclosures, and supporting platform-level transparency tools.

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 Keywords

Media literacy, Advertising literacy Influencer marketing, Digital citizenship, Adolescents, India, Social media, Parasocial trust, Civic engagement, Misinformation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Play-based learning is a powerful pedagogical approach that integrates play with meaningful educational experiences, especially in early primary education. It promotes holistic child development by enhancing cognitive, social, emotional, and physical skills. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, importance, and strategies of implementing play-based learning in primary classrooms. Drawing on the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Froebel, it emphasizes how play supports imagination, problem-solving, and social interaction. Empirical studies indicate that children engaged in structured play demonstrate higher creativity, motivation, and conceptual understanding. The paper concludes with recommendations for teachers and policymakers to adopt play-based strategies that balance enjoyment with academic learning.

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Play-Based Learning, Primary Education, Child Development, Constructivism, Creativity, Experiential Learning

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This ThinkLab a mental gym is a web-based interactive platform designed to enhance critical thinking logical reasoning and bias awareness through gamified learning it provides engaging modules such as bias detection logical fallacy games and reflective journaling for personalized feedback built using flutter,supabase,firebase the system promotes mental clarity open-mindedness and analytical skills among users Thinklab serves as a practical tool for education personal development and professional training helping individuals think better in an era of information overload and digital bias

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Critical Thinking, Gamified Learning, Flutter, Supabase, Educational Technology, Mobile Application

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Gulabi Meenakari is a unique type of enamel work that hails from Varanasi, famous for its pink (gulabi) shades, intricate floral motifs, and remarkable craftsmanship. This centuries-old art form thrived under the support of Mughal emperors and symbolizes a blend of Persian and Indian artistic traditions, carrying significant cultural and historical importance. Nonetheless, despite its rich heritage, Gulabi Meenakari is at risk of decline due to modern market challenges, a decrease in artisan interest and financial difficulties. The study examines the origins and development of Gulabi Meenakari, exploring the detailed crafting process and its special cultural significance in Indian traditions. It outlines the main challenges faced by artisans today, including a reduction in demand for traditional crafts, the high prices of raw materials and limited market opportunities. The study also looks into various efforts aimed at preserving this art form, such as interventions from government and NGOs, partnerships with contemporary designers, innovative marketing suggestions and the utilization of digital platforms to expand reach. Despite these endeavors, Gulabi Meenakari still struggles to regain its past prominence. The findings reveal that while increased visibility and market access have offered some financial relief to artisans, maintaining the craft requires ongoing innovation, strategic marketing and financial assistance. The case study concludes with suggestions for focused skill development, financial support and enhanced marketing strategies to ensure that Gulabi Meenakari not only survives but also thrives in the modern age.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gulabi Meenakari, Traditional Craftsmanship, Cultural Heritage Preservation, Artisanal Sustainability, Innovation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition