Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

The interplay between national security and human rights represents one of the most complex challenges in constitutional democracies, particularly in India, where threats of terrorism, internal insurgencies, and cross-border tensions frequently demand strong state responses. At the same time, the Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights that safeguard individual liberty, dignity, and freedom. The judiciary has emerged as the key arbiter in striking this delicate balance, ensuring that security concerns do not become a pretext for unchecked state power. Through landmark judgments, Indian courts have consistently emphasized that national security, while vital, cannot override the constitutional mandate to protect human rights. The evolution of jurisprudence--from preventive detention cases to the recognition of the right to privacy in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India--illustrates the courts' attempt to harmonize state interests with civil liberties. Judicial review has played a critical role in subjecting executive action to constitutional scrutiny, particularly in situations involving surveillance, censorship, custodial practices, and emergency powers. However, courts have also demonstrated judicial restraint in matters that directly affect sovereignty and public order, reflecting the tension between security imperatives and individual freedoms. This study critically examines the judicial role in balancing these competing concerns, highlighting both progressive interventions and instances of deference to state authority. It argues that a principled and consistent judicial approach is indispensable for safeguarding democratic values while responding effectively to security challenges. The paper underscores that the judiciary's vigilance remains central to sustaining the equilibrium between protecting the nation and upholding the rights of its people.

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 Keywords

National Security, Human Rights, Judicial Review, Fundamental Rights, Indian Constitution, Civil Liberties, Balancing State Power.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is deeply rooted in a rich and diverse tradition that encompasses various fields of study, including Philosophy, Science, Mathematics, and Arts. The Puranas, a group of ancient texts in Indian literature, are often considered as repositories of cultural, spiritual, and scientific knowledge. While their primary focus is on mythological stories and historical narratives, the Puranas contain profound wisdom that can be applied to modern-day problem-solving, particularly in the realms of ethics, governance, interpersonal relationships and in mathematics. This paper aims to explore the significance of the Puranas within the broader context of the Indian Knowledge System and illustrate their relevance to contemporary problem-solving especially mathematical modelling through case studies and examples.

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 Keywords

Indian Knowledge System, Puranas, Corporate Leadership, Conflict management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human resource (HR) policies are critical to organizational culture, employee performance, and long-term success, particularly in high-tech finance firms such as IppoPay. This study looks at the impact of HR practices on staff retention, productivity, and work satisfaction at IppoPay, a growing Indian payment solutions firm. The study focuses on how successful HR policies for hiring, training and development, performance evaluations, and work-life balance improve employee engagement and organizational effectiveness. By connecting HR procedures with business objectives, IppoPay may promote innovation, reduce attrition, and generate a motivated staff, all of which lead to customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. The conclusion is that an open, flexible, and inclusive human resources policy is required if the country is to continue growing. The study highlights the importance of strategic human resource management in organizational resilience and long-term success.

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 Keywords

Job satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Work-Life Balance, Employee Retention

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fires around the world pose severe risks to human lives, property, and ecological stability. Forest fires, in particular, threaten ecosystems, biodiversity, and nearby settlements. Traditional fire detection methods--such as satellite imagery and video surveillance--often face challenges like delayed responses, limited coverage, and dependence on clear weather conditions. To overcome these limitations, an innovative IoT-based fire monitoring system is introduced, integrating an Arduino Uno microcontroller with multiple sensors, including temperature, smoke, and flame detectors, along with GPS modules and wireless communication units. This system continuously monitors environmental parameters and transmits data to a centralized web server using an Ethernet-enabled Arduino board. A user-friendly web interface built with Bootstrap and Leaflet.js provides real-time visualization of sensor data, automatic alerts, and precise geographical mapping of fire incidents. By leveraging IoT technology, the system ensures faster and more accurate fire detection, minimizing false alarms and significantly reducing response times compared to conventional methods. Beyond early warning and emergency alerts, the IoT-based approach also enhances overall forestry management and operational efficiency.

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Forest Fire Detection, IoT, Arduino, Multi-Sensor System, Real-time Monitoring, Web-based Dashboard

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Simple, sensitive, selective and Precise methods are developed for the UV-Visible Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of five drugs VIZ., Lamotrigine (LTG), Loratadine (LOR), Losartan Potassium(LOS), Quetiapine fumarate (QTF) and Warfarin sodium (WAR). The method involves the addition of p- chloranilic acid to the drugs possessing a lone pair of electrons results in the formation of a charge transfer complex of the n-? type. The complex is formed by the lone pair of electrons donated by an n - donor to p- Chloranilic acid, a charge transfer reagent as an electron acceptor, through which a partial ionic bond (D+A-) is formed. p-CA solution in acetonitrile displays a maximum absorption peak at 450nm. The formation of colored solutions and the appearance of new peak are attributed to the formation of charge transfer ion pair complexes (D+A-).The broad peak with spike at 520nm is attributed to the radical anion of p-CA. In the present study area under curve (AUC) has been considered for the purpose of quantification of drugs as AUC is more accurate and precise than selecting one wavelength because AUC combines optical densities at the all the wave length. This method has been applied for the estimation of drugs in their pure form as well as in tablet formulation. The results of analysis have been validated statistically for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ.

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UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Drugs,p- chloranilic acid, acetonitrile, Quantification, Validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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: The Tirupur garment wholesale sector is an important part of India's knitwear industry and supplies clothes to both Indian and international markets. This study examines the main opportunities, challenges, and future developments expected in 2025 and the coming years. Tirupur has recovered well after the slowdown of 2022-23 and is now seeing strong demand from retail chains and online B2B platforms. Wholesalers are moving from cotton garments to MMF and blended fabrics, which offer better durability and higher value.Digital tools such as WhatsApp Business, Udaan, and Meesho are helping wholesalers reach more buyers with less cost. At the same time, the sector faces issues like raw material price changes, environmental rules, labour shortages, and competition from countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam. The study predicts steady growth until 2030, supported by MMF products, kids wear, athleisure, sustainability trends, and digital operations. With better technology and planning, Tirupur wholesalers can remain competitive and grow in the future.

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 Keywords

Tiruppur garment industry, Wholesale market, MMF fabrics, Blended textiles, B2B e-commerce, Digital transformation, Market trends, Supply chain challenges, Sustainability compliance, Athleisure demand, Kidswear growth, Wholesale opportunities, Textile forecasting, AI business model, RGL Model, Pricing volatility, Labour shortage, Export-linked wholesale, Domestic retail expansion.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

રમકડાં બાળકના વિકાસ માટે મૂળભૂત સાધન તરીકે કાર્ય કરે છે. બાળકો રમકડાંથી રમતી વખતે આનંદ અનુભવે છે, પરંતુ રમકડાં એ બાળકો માટે માત્ર આનંદપ્રમોદ કરવાનું સાધન નથી. રમકડાં બાળકોના શારીરિક, માનસિક અને બૌદ્ધિક વિકાસ માટે પણ મહત્ત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. તે રીતે બાળકો માટે રમકડાંની પસંદગી તેમના વિકાસનું એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ પાસું છે. રમકડાં બાળકના શારીરિક, સામાજિક, ભાવનાત્મક અને બૌદ્ધિક વિકાસને પ્રભાવિત કરે છે. રમકડાં દ્વારા બાળક મનોરંજન પ્રાપ્ત કરે, રમકડાંના માધ્યમથી કંઈક શીખે, રમકડાં સાથે બાળકની સલામતી, અને રમકડાં અંગે બાળકની પસંદગી જેવા વિવિધ પરિબળોના આધારે કયા રમકડાં ખરીદવા તે નક્કી કરવામાં માતાપિતા મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભૂમિકા ભજવે છે. માતાપિતા તેમના બાળકો માટે રમકડાં ખરીદતા પહેલા અનેક પાસાઓનો વિચાર કરે છે. આ પાસાઓને સમજવાથી માતાપિતાના વલણ અને રમકડાની પસંદગી પર સામાજિક પ્રભાવોની સમજ જાણવા મળે છે. આ બાબતને કેન્દ્રમાં રાખી સંશોધકે બાળકો માટે રમકડાં પસંદગીના સંદર્ભમાં માતાપિતાના દ્રષ્ટિકોણનો અભ્યાસ વિષય પર સંશોધનપત્ર રજૂ કરવાનું નક્કી કર્યું. આ સંશોધનપત્રનો મુખ્ય ઉદ્દેશ્ય બાળકો માટે રમકડાં પસંદગીના સંદર્ભમાં રમકડાં પસંદગીનો હેતુ, રમકડાંનું મટેરિયલ, રમકડાં સંદર્ભે બાળકનું વર્તન, રમકડાંનો બાળક દ્વારા ઉપયોગ સંદર્ભે માતાપિતાના દ્રષ્ટિકોણનો અભ્યાસ કરવાનો હતો. આ સંશોધન માટે જન્મથી ૬ વર્ષ સુધીના ૧૦૧ માતાપિતા પાસેથી સંશોધક રચિત પ્રશ્નાવલીના માધ્યમથી માહિતી એકત્રિત કરવામાં આવી હતી. આ માટે સર્વેક્ષણ પદ્ધતિનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો. નિદર્શ પસંદગી માટે બિનસંભાવ્ય નિદર્શ પદ્ધતિ પૈકી સ્નોબોલનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો. પ્રાપ્ત માહિતીના પૃથક્કરણ માટે ટકાવારીનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો. આ સંશોધન દ્વારા પ્રાપ્ત થયેલ પરિણામો પર દ્રષ્ટિ કરીએ તો માતાપિતાઓના દ્રષ્ટિકોણમાં રમકડાંનું શૈક્ષણિક મૂલ્ય અને બાળકની ખુશી મુખ્ય પરિબળો તરીકે જોવા મળે છે. કિંમત, ટકાઉપણું અથવા અવાજ જેવા પરિબળો તુલનાત્મક રીતે ગૌણ માનવામાં આવ્યા છે. માતાપિતા બાળકો માટે રમકડાં પસંદ કરતી વખતે પ્લાસ્ટિકના રમકડાં પ્રત્યે વધુ ઝુકાવ દર્શાવે છે. જે માતાપિતાની પ્લાસ્ટિકથી થતાં નુકસાન વિશેની અસભાનતા તરફ આંગળી ચીંધે છે. મોટાભાગે માતાપિતા બાળકની પસંદગીના રમકડાં ખરીદે છે. આજના માતાપિતાઓ બાળકોની ઇચ્છા અને પસંદને મહત્વ આપે છે અને તેમને નિર્ણય પ્રક્રિયામાં ભાગીદાર બનાવે છે, જે બાળકેન્દ્રિત લાલનપાલનના આધુનિક અભિગમને પ્રતિબિંબિત કરે છે.

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 Keywords

રમકડાં, રમકડાં પસંદ કરતી વખતે માતાપિતાનો દ્રષ્ટિકોણ

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate change presents an unprecedented challenge to India's environmental, economic, and social systems. As a rapidly developing nation with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, India faces the dual imperative of achieving sustainable growth while reducing vulnerability to climate-induced impacts. Traditionally, floods were associated with seasonal monsoons, but today they are increasingly linked with climate variability and extreme weather events. Understanding the role of climate change in worsening floods is essential for building resilient communities and spreading awareness at the grassroots level (Mall et al., 2019).Global warming has increased the capacity of the atmosphere to hold moisture, leading to short, intense bursts of rainfall. Instead of evenly distributed monsoons, cities and rural areas often experience cloudbursts and torrential rains that overwhelm rivers and drainage systems (Ghosh et al., 2016). This paper deals with the key dimensions of climate change in India, reviews current mitigation and adaptation policies, and proposes a roadmap for integrated climate resilience. The focus lies on energy transition, sustainable agriculture, water resource management, urban planning, and community-based adaptation. It concludes with policy recommendations and the importance of regional cooperation.

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 Keywords

Whether events, policies, strategies ,climate change

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bharat Me Krushi Nitiyo Ka Vikash (1947-2000)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bharat Me Krushi Nitiyo Ka Vikash (1947-2000)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The proliferation of deepfake technology presents a critical challenge to the authenticity and trustworthiness of digital media. To address this issue, we propose an innovative deepfake detection framework that combines the power of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and RESNEXT architectures. By integrating spatial and temporal analysis methods, our approach aims to accurately identify manipulated videos amidst the vast sea of online content. Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation using diverse datasets, our framework demonstrates promising results in effectively distinguishing between genuine and fake videos. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat deepfake misinformation and uphold the integrity of digital media platforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deepfake Detection, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), Image Manipulation, Facial Recognition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition