Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Energy production and consumption are crucial for nations aiming for economic growth, but they also lead to significant environmental damage. India, in its transitioning phase from fossil to cleaner energy sources, faces the dual challenge of meeting rising energy demands while addressing climate change. This paper examines how green finance can facilitate the transition to clean energy in India. It highlights the importance of green finance in fostering sustainable development and assesses the current financial landscape supporting renewable energy initiatives. The focus is on government initiatives, loan portfolios, and the fund contributions from IREDA and REC Ltd. A descriptive and qualitative approach is employed to underscore finance as essential to business. Additionally, it reflects the financing patterns of these institutions, including their loan sanctions, loan disbursements, and issuance of green bonds to support clean energy in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Green finance, IREDA, Renewable energy sources, MNRE, REC ltd

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This invention presents a smart, non-invasive wearable device for continuous monitoring and early detection of diabetes-related vascular complications. The system integrates a photoplethysmography sensor to measure perfusion index, blood oxygen saturation (SpO?), and heart rate, combined with an accelerometer-gyroscope module to correct motion artifacts and ensure accurate real-world measurements. Local data processing and disease classification are performed on an embedded ESP32 microcontroller, preserving user privacy by eliminating external data transmission. Multi-mode diagnostic functionality enables early detection of Peripheral Artery Disease, Hypoglycemia, and Diabetic Neuropathy, while an OLED display provides real-time numerical values and threshold-based alerts. Compact and user-friendly, the device supports affordable continuous monitoring in home and clinical settings, delivering actionable health insights for timely intervention and personalized preventive care.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diabetes, Microvascular health, Perfusion index (PI), Blood oxygen saturation (SpO?), Heart rate monitoring, Photoplethysmography (PPG), Motion artifact correction, multi-mode diagnostics, Peripheral Artery Disease, Hypoglycemia, Diabetic neuropathy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microsphere, Mucoadhesive microspheres, Mucoadhesion, residence time, Novel Drug Delivery System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: FarmConnect is a web-based platform created to bring farmers, compost vendors, and consumers together in one digital space. It allows farmers to sell fresh organic produce directly to customers, helping them earn fair prices by removing the need for middlemen. Compost vendors can easily showcase and manage their products like manure and fertilizers, while customers can browse and purchase from both farmers and vendors in a simple, user-friendly interface. Beyond being just a marketplace, FarmConnect also promotes learning. Farmers can upload tutorial videos to spread awareness and share knowledge about organic farming methods. The platform features a Community Hub where all users can interact, exchange ideas, share feedback, and discuss sustainable agriculture and composting practices. From a technical perspective, the platform is built using React.js for the frontend and Node.js with Express.js for the backend. It uses local JSON files to store data, making it lightweight and easy to manage. The system also includes secure login using JWT, supports file uploads, and provides role-based access for different users such as farmers, vendors, and customers. In essence, FarmConnect bridges the gap between producers and consumers while encouraging sustainable farming and digital empowerment in rural communities. It combines commerce, education, and community to create a connected and eco-friendly agricultural ecosystem.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FarmConnect, Digital Agriculture, E-commerce Platform, Organic Farming, Farmers' Marketplace, Compost Vendors, Sustainable Agriculture, Community Hub, Web Application, React.js, Node.js, Express.js, JSON Data Storage, Online Marketplace, Agricultural Technology, Farmer Empowerment, AgriTech Innovation, Smart Farming, Rural Development, Eco-friendly Platform.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Brain tumors pose a serious threat to health, and early detection and their proper classification is essential for successful treatment. This work proposes an integrated framework, where both classical machine learning and deep learning methods were leveraged to analyze multi-modal MRI scans for tumor localization and classification. We pre-processed MRI data-skull stripping and normalization-followed by feature extraction using both handcrafted descriptors (e.g., GLCM and wavelets) and learned features from deep networks. Advanced segmentation models (e.g., 3D U-Net variants) delineate tumor regions, while object detectors (YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN) rapidly localize tumors in full scans. Lastly, for classification, features are fed into a variety of classifiers and ensemble strategies, including CNNs, SVM, KNN, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets such as BraTS, Figshare, etc., show our hybrid approach achieves very high accuracy-for instance, a CNN+U-Net model reaches ~98% accuracy on the BraTS segmentation task. Object detectors like YOLOv11 achieve ~99.2% precision/recall on tumor detection. Similarly, the proposed ensemble classifiers show improved classification performance. Quantitative comparisons, as depicted in Table 1, confirm that our methods outperform many existing approaches. These results prove that the integration of different machine learning strategies significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of brain tumors while maintaining computationally feasible processing, therefore offering a promising tool to assist clinical decision-making.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brain tumor, MRI, segmentation, classification, machine learning, deep learning, CNN, U-Net, YOLO, SVM.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The evolution of technology in education has transformed examination systems worldwide. Computer-Based Tests (CBTs) have replaced traditional paper-based methods, offering convenience, scalability, and efficiency. However, maintaining the integrity and security of these exams remains a significant challenge, especially for competitive examinations involving large-scale participation. Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides advanced solutions for authentication, monitoring, data protection, and anomaly detection, enhancing fairness and reliability. This paper explores the applications of AI in ensuring secure online examinations, identifies existing challenges, and highlights ethical considerations and future directions for AI-integrated examination systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

examiation, online, artificiall intelligence, competitive test

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inclusive education emphasizes that every child, regardless of physical, mental, social, or linguistic differences, has the right to learn together in the same classroom environment. In primary education, inclusivity ensures that learning becomes equitable, participatory, and child-centered. This paper discusses the concept, principles, and implementation of inclusive education in primary schools. It explores how inclusive practices promote acceptance, empathy, and social integration among students. The study highlights the role of teachers, curriculum adaptation, and government initiatives in creating inclusive classrooms. Challenges such as inadequate resources and teacher preparedness are also examined. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies to strengthen inclusive practices to achieve true educational equity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Inclusive Education, Primary School, Equity, Diversity, Special Needs Education, Universal Design for Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geographical analysis of land use in Tonk district

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Geographical analysis of land use in Tonk district

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geographical analysis of the progress and successes of the Bisalpur Irrigation Project

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Geographical analysis of the progress and successes of the Bisalpur Irrigation Project

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of ecofeminism

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A comprehensive analysis of ecofeminism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition