Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

The Indian automobile sector plays a pivotal role in the country's manufacturing output, employment generation and technological progress. However, the sector has experienced significant structural and operational changes during the post-pandemic period, influenced by supply chain disruptions, rising input costs, regulatory transitions, and the progressive shift toward electric mobility. This study evaluates the financial efficiency of selected automobile companies listed on the BSE across three major segments: commercial vehicles, passenger cars & multi-utility vehicles, and two & three wheelers. The analysis covers a five-year period from 2020-21 to 2024-25, employing key asset utilisation ratios including Total Assets Turnover, Fixed Assets Turnover, Working Capital Turnover, Inventory Turnover and Debtors Turnover. Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation, and Coefficient of Variation), Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and ANOVA are applied to assess performance variations between companies and across years. The results reveal significant inter-company differences in Total Assets Turnover, Fixed Assets Turnover, Inventory Turnover and Debtors Turnover, indicating varied strategic approaches to asset use, production scale, and credit policies. However, Working Capital Turnover exhibited no significant differences across companies or time periods, suggesting sector-wide stabilization in cash conversion cycles. Passenger car manufacturers demonstrated the highest efficiency in asset utilisation, while two & three-wheeler firms showed stronger productivity in fixed asset use. The study concludes with targeted managerial recommendations for improving capital productivity, working capital governance, and operational efficiency.

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 Keywords

Automobile Industry; Financial Efficiency; Asset Utilisation; Working Capital; ANOVA; India.

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Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the whole world switched to online learning. But the efficiency of this mode in Indian and nursing context continues to be under study. Objective: Aim was to assess level of satisfaction among B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students regarding virtual theory and practical classes and to delineate suggestions from study subjects for improving quality of virtual classes. Method: A quantitative approach and descriptive survey design was used. Study was conducted on 100 B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students studying in 2nd, 3rd and 4th year; selected by simple random sampling technique. Structured 5-point Likert scale was developed in the form of Google survey for data collection and was dispatched as a link. Collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results/Findings: The results revealed that 41 (48%) students were neutral, 41 (41%) were satisfied, 2% were extremely satisfied and 1% were extremely dissatisfied with virtual theory classes. Also, 55% students were neutral, 25% were satisfied, 17% were dissatisfied, 2% were extremely dissatisfied and 1% were extremely satisfied with virtual practical classes. Teacher factors, technical factors and student factors were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively that contributed to students' satisfaction. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that classes conducted for participants via virtual platform was as satisfactory as classroom teaching. Some suggestions from the participants to improve virtual training efficacy included variety and creativity in using AV aids, adherence to timelines, regular evaluations, increasing student participation, etc. among others.

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 Keywords

Level of satisfaction, virtual theory classes, virtual practical classes, COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

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Collagen therapy has emerged as an effective adjunct in the management of acute and chronic wounds. As a key structural protein in the extracellular matrix, collagen plays a vital role in tissue repair, cellular migration, and angiogenesis. The use of collagen-based dressings and therapeutic formulations provides a bioactive environment that supports natural healing mechanisms. This therapy demonstrates a constructive influence on wound healing, enhancing moisture balance, reducing inflammation, and promoting granulation tissue formation. Clinical observations indicate that collagen therapy significantly accelerates the recovery period, particularly in non-healing or slow-healing wounds. Overall, collagen therapy represents a promising and biologically compatible approach to achieving faster and more efficient wound recovery

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Collagen therapy, Extracellular Metrix, Moisture balance, Granulation

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ABSTRACT The development of tourism in Meghalaya, India, has led to a significant increase in solid waste generation, posing a major threat to the state's environmental sustainability. The lack of individual or societal respect towards the environment, coupled with inadequate waste management practices, has resulted in rampant littering and pollution in tourist areas which negatively impact the environment and the local communities as well. This study aims to analyze the current practices of solid waste management in tourism areas of Meghalaya and identify the challenges and opportunities for sustainable solid waste management. The study also aims to develop a framework for effective waste management that integrates stakeholder engagement, waste reduction, and recycling strategies to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in tourist areas. This study critically examines the implementation of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2016 in prominent tourist destinations across the state, focusing on compliance levels, operational challenges, and environmental consequences. The study contributes to the discourse on sustainable waste management in tourism spot by offering actionable insights for policy reform and participatory governance in Meghalaya's tourism sector.

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Keywords: Tourism, Meghalaya, solid waste management, environmental impact, implementation.

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In celebration of the International Year of Cooperatives 2025, which recognizes the enduring power of cooperatives in building a better world, this study examines the transformative role of women-led cooperative societies in fostering financial inclusion and enhancing rural livelihoods. Cooperatives are increasingly acknowledged as inclusive economic models that empower marginalized communities, especially women, by facilitating access to credit, encouraging savings, and nurturing grassroots development. This research focuses on the Milan Mahila Saving and Credit Cooperative Society Ltd, founded in 2017 in Maliya, a taluka in Morbi district, Gujarat, characterized by low literacy and income levels. Drawing on primary survey data from both members and non-members, as well as cooperative financial records, the study highlights the cooperative's significant impact on improving credit accessibility, promoting savings behavior, boosting income-generating activities, and advancing women's empowerment. The findings underscore the relevance of cooperatives as vehicles for inclusive growth, aligning with the global vision of IYC-2025 to promote equity, resilience, and sustainable development through cooperative action.

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Cooperative Societies, Financial Inclusion, Livelihood, Rural economy

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Tamil Words are divided into two types based on literature and grammar. Words based on literature are called Eyarchol, Thisaichol, Thirichol, Vadachol. Words based on grammar are called Noun, Verb, Interjection and Adjective. Of these, noun and verb have the ability to function independently. Interjection and adjective do not have the ability to function independently and function depending on the noun and verb. Tolkappiyam clearly explains the grammar and types of interjections. The occurrence pattern of most interjections can be seen in Sangam literature. Moreover, we can identify many interjections that are not known through the commentary of the commentators. In this way, the scope of the study is to explain the occurrence pattern of interjections found in the commentary of U.V.Sa, who wrote the Kurunthokai and Ayngurunooru.

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Tholkappiyam, Sangam Literature, Vu.Ve.Samainathaiyar, Kurunthokai, Ayngurunooru, commentary, commentators, Grammar, Grammatical aspects

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Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with late-stage diagnosis contributing to poor prognosis. Salivary biomarkers have emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative for early detection, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment. Saliva directly reflects the tumor microenvironment and contains a diverse array of molecules, including proteins, enzymes, cytokines, growth factors, DNA, RNA, and microRNAs. Studies have consistently reported elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-?, MMP-9, VEGF, and miRNA-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, with combinations of multiple biomarkers enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Despite promising evidence, clinical adoption is limited by variability, lack of standardized protocols, and the need for multicenter validation. Integration of salivary biomarker panels could facilitate non-invasive screening, personalized management, and improved outcomes in oral cancer care.

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Oral cancer; Salivary biomarkers; Cytokines; MicroRNAs; Salivaomics

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After birth, an infant is immediately exposed to the external environment, which contains billions of microorganisms. While the majority of these microbes are harmless, some can cause serious health risks--especially to newborns with compromised immunity. Therefore, maintaining a sterile environment in neonatal care units like Kumaragara (Infant's Abode and NICU) is essential to minimize microbial proliferation. Ayurveda emphasizes Raksha Karma (protective practices) for both wound management (Vrana Upakrama) and neonatal care (Navajaata- Shishu -Paricharya). Within this framework, Dhoopan Karma--a traditional fumigation method--is recognized for its disinfectant properties and potential in preventing and managing infectious diseases in newborns. Given the constant changes in microbial populations and the increasing resistance to conventional agents, Ayurvedic fumigation offers a promising alternative to formaldehyde-based sterilization, which may be used in hospitals despite its known health hazards. Some studies have reported the antimicrobial efficacy of bioactive compounds found in Dhoopan formulations. However, the lack of comprehensive scientific validation, standardized dosage forms, and well-defined methodologies limits its formal acceptance as a sterilization protocol. This paper aims to explore the advantages and limitations of implementing Dhoopan Karma as a sterilization strategy in neonatal care settings.

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Rakshakarma,Dhoopana, Fumigation, Sterilization.

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The concept of diet in Ayurveda and Yoga: A comparative and analytical study

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The concept of diet in Ayurveda and Yoga: A comparative and analytical study

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India, as one of the fastest-growing aviation markets in the world, has faced multifaceted challenges in securing its civil aviation sector. With the exponential growth in air traffic, ensuring the safety and security of passengers, aircraft, airport infrastructure, and aviation data has become paramount. Over the past decade, and especially in recent years, India has taken significant strides to revamp its aviation security architecture. This write-up critically examines the major developments, including institutional reforms, technological advancements, regulatory initiatives, and challenges ahead.

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Aviation Security, Policy Developments

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