Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

This paper examines the multi dimensional crisis afflicting three rivers the Kadane, Noon and Baya in the Kudhni and Sakra regions of Muzaffarpur district (Bihar). The crises are examined through three lenses: religious/ritual practices, environmental/hydrological health, and socio cultural livelihood impacts. Drawing on field reports, secondary data and local media sources, the study maps the changing flow regimes, pollution and weed infestation, disruption of ritual access, flood drought paradoxes, and the resulting socio cultural dislocation. The paper argues that these crises are interconnected, and emerge from a confluence of hydrological mis-management, anthropogenic pressures and neglect of river-culture heritage. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated policy responses that respect the rivers' religious significance, restore hydrological function, and safeguard socio cultural livelihoods.

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Hydrological and Socio-Cultural Interaction, Cultural Ecology, Community-Based River Management, Floodplain Ecology, Sustainable Water Governance

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Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are compact, wickless, and highly efficient two-phase passive thermal management devices that operate through the self-sustained oscillatory motion of liquid slugs and vapor plugs. Owing to their simple construction, rapid thermal response, and exceptionally low thermal resistance, PHPs have become indispensable in modern high-power electronics cooling, renewable energy systems, aerospace thermal control, and advanced waste heat recovery. This review presents a consolidated and deeply detailed synthesis of theoretical foundations, historical progression, working mechanisms, geometrical and operational factors, and key experimental insights from two comprehensive source documents. Critical factors--including filling ratio, working fluid properties, inclination angle, number of turns, heat input, and emerging nanofluid enhancements--are analyzed comparatively. The review also identifies research gaps and outlines future directions for next-generation PHP development, including additive manufacturing, hybrid working fluids, microgravity operation, and predictive AI-enabled modeling.

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Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are widely recognized as efficient passive cooling systems due to their unique two-phase heat transfer mechanism governed by slug-plug dynamics and oscillatory flow behavior. The thermal performance of PHPs strongly depends on critical parameters such as filling ratio, inclination angle, working fluid properties, and the applied heat input, all of which influence thermal resistance and flow stability. Recent advancements--including the use of nanofluids, optimized clo

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Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder that occurs due to damage to the developing brain around the time of birth. It is primarily characterized by impaired control over movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances in cognition, communication, and behaviour. As one of the leading causes of childhood disability, it significantly impacts physical, mental, and social development. In Ayurvedic literature, several factors are described that influence foetal brain development, along with various preventive measures and guidelines for expectant mothers. The symptoms and manifestations of cerebral palsy can be correlated with Vatavyadhi in Ayurveda. The major causative factors include Dauhrid Avamanana (neglecting the desires of a pregnant woman), aggravation of Vata dosha during pregnancy, exposure to Garbhopaghatakara bhava (factors harmful to the foetus), and consumption of Dusta stanya (impure breast milk). Although modern medicine has yet to discover a cure for the underlying brain injury in cerebral palsy, Ayurveda--being a holistic and time-tested science--offers a comprehensive approach to management. Ayurvedic treatment includes the use of Medhya Rasayana (nootropic herbs) to enhance brain function and therapies such as Panchakarma procedures--Snehana (oleation), Swedana (sudation), Nasya (nasal therapy), Shirodhara and Basti (medicated enema)--to reduce spasticity and strengthen the muscles. Therefore, it is essential to explore and promote Ayurvedic principles and therapies for the effective management of cerebral palsy in children

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 Keywords

Cerebral Palsy, Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Basti, Medhya Rasayana

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Electrical stimulation is one of the physical therapy treatments used to assist wounded individuals. It can also be used by those who have pain, weakness, or spasms in their muscles. One of several forms of electrical stimulation may be used by your physical therapist. An wounded region might be closed or open. Open wounds disclose body tissue at the base of the wound. Closed wounds sustain damage without revealing the underlying bodily tissue. During the procedure, the physical therapist will place electrodes on the part of your body that requires treatment. You will experience a tingling sensation during the therapy. The operation is not intended to cause pain. If you experience any discomfort, let your physical therapist know right away so they can adjust or discontinue the therapy as needed. High-voltage galvanic stimulation (HVGC) uses low-frequency and high-voltage electricity to penetrate deeply into tissues. It is used to improve blood flow, reduce pain, reduce muscle spasms, and improve joint mobility

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physical therapist, tingling, muscular spasm, electrical stimulationt

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The Neuro Drive system presents a novel hybrid Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) combining Electroencephalography (EEG) and real-time gesture recognition for intelligent vehicle control. EEG signals reflecting the user's mental states are analyzed to control acceleration, while hand gestures captured via computer vision dictate steering. This integration bridges the gap between cognitive intent and physical interaction, enhancing accessibility for users with motor impairments. The project utilizes low-cost, open-source hardware including the BioAmp EXG Pill and Arduino Uno, with software integration achieved through Python, OpenCV, and MediaPipe frameworks. Experimental validation demonstrates effective performance, minimal latency, and high recognition accuracy. Neuro Drive's innovation lies in its ability to merge neural and gestural cues into a seamless control interface, paving the way for next-generation human-machine interaction systems.

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EEG, Brain-Computer Interface, Gesture Recognition, Human-Machine Interaction, Arduino, Neuro Drive

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Coconut husk performs as a functional natural dye source when its fiber matrix is mechanically reduced, thermally extracted, and applied through a controlled exhaust-dyeing system. The study confirms that the husk's lignin-rich structure releases a stable colourant once processed into pith powder and boiled under standardized aqueous conditions. Cotton substrates prepared with alum and vinegar mordants demonstrate consistent dye uptake, establishing a repeatable workflow from raw husk preparation to final fabric evaluation. Fastness performance defines the material's reliability. Washing fastness remains uniformly strong across all adjacent fiber tests, indicating that the dye-fiber bond withstands mechanical agitation and detergent exposure. Perspiration fastness under acidic and alkaline media shows identical stability, confirming that the dye does not hydrolyze or migrate when exposed to body-like conditions. Rubbing fastness remains high in dry form and marginally lower in wet form when vinegar is used, signalling a predictable interaction between moisture and surface dye particles. Light fastness is moderate, with vinegar outperforming alum combinations, establishing the mordants direct role in photostability. Colour-strength measurements reveal a measurable shift when vinegar is introduced: reduced lightness, lowered red values, and an elevated yellow component. These shifts quantify the mordants effect and provide a basis for standardizing future shade development. The clear divergence in DE values confirms that vinegar acts not only as a fixative but as a colour-modifier. Overall, the study positions coconut husk as a practical, scalable, and environmentally aligned dye source. The methodology transforms an abundant agricultural byproduct into a stable colouring agent with dependable fastness behavior, supporting reduced chemical dependence and strengthening the case for natural-dye integration in sustainable textile systems.

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Coconut husk dye, Shade development, Dye fixation, Fastness Evaluation, Bio-Based Colourant.

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The mandatory shift to digital learning during the global COVID-19 pandemic starkly exposed the profound educational resource disparities existing between metropolitan and remote areas of India. While urban centres leveraged robust Internet connectivity, high personal device ownership, and digitally prepared faculty, rural India struggled acutely. Key barriers included unreliable network infrastructure, severe device scarcity, restrictive financial limitations, and widespread low digital proficiency. This research employs a mixed-method human-centric framework, synthesizing data from primary interviews, direct observations, and targeted secondary data analysis to ascertain the persistent obstacles hindering effective digital education in rural settings post-COVID. The findings strongly suggest that although general digital awareness has increased, the triumvirate of infrastructural deficits, crippling socioeconomic barriers, and inadequate teacher pedagogical preparation remain the principal factors restricting successful digital integration. The study concludes by proposing actionable, evidence-based recommendations essential for cultivating an inclusive and sustainable digital learning ecosystem.

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Digital Divide, Rural Education Access, ICT Infrastructure, Post-Pandemic Learning, Digital Literacy Gaps, EdTech Equity, Blended Learning Models.

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Rapid proliferation of electronic gadgets has made e-waste one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the world, while India has emerged as the third-largest generator of e-waste. Improper handling of e-waste poses serious threats to human health and the environment because of the toxic nature of its constituents, like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Over the last ten years, India has gradually developed a regulatory framework for e-waste by enacting the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2011, 2016, and 2022, incorporating mechanisms like extended producers' responsibility, digital monitoring, and formal recycling. Challenges persist in the domination by the informal sector, inadequate infrastructure, low public awareness, and sporadic enforcement. Case studies of initiatives like Attero Recycling and Dell Reconnect illustrate how private sector-NGO interventions can help bridge the gaps. The study emphasizes that an integrated approach using legal enforcement, technological innovation, circular economy practices, and multi-stakeholder collaboration is required for sustainable e-waste management in India.

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E-waste, electronic waste management, India, environmental law, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), informal sector, recycling, circular economy, policy implementation, public awareness, digital monitoring, sustainability, hazardous waste, resource recovery, governance.

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The Elder Care Voice Aid is an assistive technology solution designed to support senior citizens in managing their daily routines through simple voice-based interaction. The system focuses primarily on enabling voice-activated reminders for medication, hydration, appointments, and other essential tasks. Unlike traditional reminder applications, this system ensures safety and reliability by stopping the alert only when the care receiver verbally confirms that the task has been completed.

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Elder care, Voice recognition, Speech-based reminders, Assistive technology, Medication adherence, Smart healthcare, Voice user interface (VUI), Reminder system, Human-computer interaction, Senior safety, Digital health monitoring, Accessibility technology.

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BACKGROUND: In today's scenario, we see only a few completely healthy people. Others are afflicted with many physical and psychological problems. Other than communicable and infectious diseases or any injury, the main reason for all the non-communicable diseases is severe stress load. This stress, if left untreated, causes hurdles in living life to the fullest by causing hormonal imbalances, digestive disorders, heart problems, neurological disorders, and many other disorders. It is also evident that, no doubt, allopathic medicines are very successful in curbing the symptoms of diseases; they have an adverse impact on human beings as side effects. Other alternative therapies like yoga, naturopathy, ayurveda, etc., and following a good lifestyle have improved health. According to WHO, health is not merely the absence of disease; it's the state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being. Yoga is evident in its effect on the mind, body, and consciousness. Meditation has a very calming and relaxing effect on the whole being. Both healthy and unhealthy people practice different meditations, and they have miraculous impacts on improving their well-being. One of the most prevalent meditations is the MIND SOUND RESONANCE TECHNIQUE, developed by SVYASA, BANGALORE. This review article explores its potential in improving various aspects of the mind, body, and consciousness. METHODS: We conducted this narrative review using published PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar literature. The main author also performed the screening. Other potentially eligible citations were also included. If the references of included articles were found helpful for the review, they were also searched. Relevant ancient books were also cited in the review. OBSERVATIONS: MSRT is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and easily applicable practice by people of even old age. Studies indicate that it contributes to better life quality by improving sleep quality and alleviating stress, depression, and anxiety caused either due to physical or psychological reasons. It also improves cognitive abilities (attention, concentration and executive functions), frontal hemodynamic activity of the brain, respiration, heart rate variability (HRV) and mindfulness. It has relieved psychological states like perceived stress, Anxiety, psychological distress, fatigue and Self-esteem. It was also helpful in relieving common neck pain. CONCLUSION: This review paves the way for further research on MSRT as a potential intervention for treating more fatal diseases like cancer. It encourages the researchers to find a more scientific understanding of its mechanism.

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 Keywords

YOGA, MEDITATION, MIND SOUND RESONANCE TECHNIQUE, PSYCHOLOGICAL*, PHYSIOLOGICAL*, COGNITIVE* .

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