Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Sustainable Development means 'meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. It is a very complex and broad based concept that incorporates following principles, which are directly or indirectly applicable to developmental activities: (a) economic sustainability, (b) ecological sustainability, (c) social sustainability and (d) cultural sustainability. The sustainable development has both intra-generational and inter-generational equities and several approaches. It has some important measures too that will be discussed here.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable development, Environmental ethics, Generational equity, Carrying capacity, Biodiversity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Topical drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years due to its ability to provide localized therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic side effects. Among various topical formulations, polymeric micelle-based gels have emerged as a promising platform for the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs. Polymeric micelles are nanosized colloidal carriers formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous solutions, offering enhanced solubility, stability, and controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs. The incorporation of anti-inflammatory drugs into polymeric micelles improves their permeation through the stratum corneum, resulting in increased bioavailability at the site of inflammation. Additionally, polymeric micelle gels provide sustained drug release, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient compliance. This literature review focuses on the formulation strategies, evaluation parameters, advantages, limitations, and potential applications of polymeric micelle-based topical gels for anti-inflammatory therapy. It also discusses critical factors influencing micelle formation, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging opportunities, ongoing challenges, and future perspectives in the development of polymeric micelle-based topical drug delivery system. Understanding these aspects is essential for designing effective, safe, and patient-friendly topical formulations that can offer targeted therapy with minimal systematic exposure.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Polymeric micelles, Topical gel, Anti-inflammatory drug; controlled release, Nanocarrier; skin penetration; sustained delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Primary education must shift from content memorization to competency development where learners demonstrate knowledge through action and skills. This paper explores foundational competencies required in early grades including literacy fluency, numeracy reasoning, observation skills, communication ability, thinking habits, creativity, motor coordination, learning ownership, collaboration, and age-aligned skill exposure. Supported by constructivist pedagogy and competency learning models, evidence shows that competency-based instruction improves concept retention, independent reasoning, self-efficacy, task completion, and early skill mastery. The paper concludes with classroom practices and institutional suggestions for teachers and curriculum developers to operationalize competency-driven learning ecosystems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Competency-Based Learning, Primary Skills Framework, Early Literacy Competency, Foundational Numeracy Reasoning, Observation & Inquiry Skills, Communication Competency, Problem-Solving Habits, Creativity & Divergent Thinking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cameroon's 1996 Constitution provides the core domestic framework for protecting children from recruitment and use in armed conflict. Through its Preamble and the supremacy clause in Articles 45 and 46, the Constitution incorporates international child protection norms including the CRC, ACRWC, and OPAC into the national legal order. A historical review of Cameroon's constitutional evolution demonstrates a gradual strengthening of commitments to human dignity, equality, and the protection of vulnerable groups. However, in conflict-affected areas such as the Far North, constitutional guarantees remain weak in practice, as Boko Haram continues to recruit and exploit children. Limited judicial independence, restricted access to constitutional justice, weak decentralisation, and operational constraints impede effective enforcement. The analysis concludes that although the Constitution offers a comprehensive normative foundation for preventing child recruitment, its protective potential depends on stronger implementation mechanisms and greater institutional commitment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Constitutional Protection, recruitment and Use, Children

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores how effective advertising really is during the Indian Premier League (IPL), with a particular focus on the measurement approaches used by Kantar, One of the most trusted names in marketing analytics. Over the years, IPL has grown far beyond a sporting event and has become a cultural and advertising hotspot, reaching audiences across multiple languages, regions, and devices. During my internship, I worked closely with Kantar's Brand Lifting Insights (BLI) framework to understand how ad campaigns are evaluated in terms of awareness, recall, and consumer perception. To support this, I also gathered primary responses from 81 IPL viewers to understand how they experience ads during the tournament. Their behavior was compared with insights from Kantar's Indian and global reports. The analysis highlighted that creative storytelling, emotional appeal, and celebrity endorsements play a major role in how viewers connect with IPL advertisements, while OTT platforms continue to deliver stronger engagement than traditional TV. At the same time, viewers also expressed fatigue when ads were repeated too many times. Overall, the study suggests that IPL offers brands a powerful opportunity to stand out but only when the campaigns are creatively strong and guided by data-driven insights. Approaches like Kantar's BLI help advertisers understand what truly resonates with viewers, enabling them to build campaigns that are relevant, memorable, and strategically effective.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Premier League (IPL) ,Advertising Effectiveness, Brand Lifting Insights (BLI), Consumer Behavior, Sports Marketing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Health and hygiene awareness is a critical component of primary education, influencing physical well-being, cognitive readiness, attendance, behavior, and long-term lifestyle habits. This paper explores key thematic dimensions including hygiene routines, nutrition-linked learning readiness, emotional and physical health scaffolding, disease-prevention literacy, school-environment sanitation, community alignment, teacher-facilitated health scripting, peer behavior modelling, low-fear health communication, age-aligned hygiene competencies, observation-based habit tracking, skill-reinforcement loops, and institutional governance for sustainable implementation. Evidence shows that systematic integration of hygiene education in primary classrooms improves awareness, reduces absenteeism, normalizes self-care, strengthens communication confidence about illnesses, enhances responsibility and builds foundational health literacy.

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 Keywords

Primary Health Literacy, Personal Hygiene Routines, Classroom Sanitation, Hand-Washing Education, Nutrition Hygiene, Disease-Prevention Awareness, Self-Care Habits, Behaviour Reinforcement, Peer Modelling,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mother Tongue-Based Instruction (MTBI) plays a vital role in strengthening conceptual clarity, reading proficiency, emotional confidence, classroom participation, cultural belonging, and multilingual transition success in primary grades. This paper examines how first-language instruction accelerates literacy growth, supports numeracy comprehension, reduces anxiety, improves attendance, enhances curiosity, and builds a strong cognitive base for bridging second and third languages. Teacher mediation, bilingual bridges, community participation, and print-rich environments are discussed as essential implementation pathways. The paper concludes that MTBI improves learning outcomes when human pedagogy and planned language transitions remain balanced and inclusive.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MTBI, Primary Literacy, Language Transfer, Cognitive Readiness, Bilingual Bridge

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Plyometric training, characterized by explosive movements like jumps and bounds, enhances neuromuscular coordination, agility, and explosive power. In cricket, this translates to improved sprinting speed, rapid directional changes, and elevated jumping ability, which are vital for quick singles, agile fielding, and effective bowling. In order to assess the real facts the investigator made an attempt to examine the impact of sports specific plyometric training on physiological and anthropometric variables of thirty cricket players were selected from Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu state. They were age ranged between 14 to 17 years. Treatment group I underwent combined sports specific plyometric, group II acted as control group. All thirty subjects were inducted for pre and posttest on physiological and anthropometric variables are (vital capacity and calf girth). The sports specific plyometric training programme was given to the experimental group for 3 days per week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) for the period of eight weeks. The control group was not given any sort of training except their routine work. The physiological variables vital capacity (wet spirometer test) thigh girth was assessed by Lufkin Anthropometric Tape Test were assessed before and after training period. The result from 't' test and inferred that 8 weeks sports specific plyometric training treatment produced identical changes over physiological and anthropometric variables of cricket players. Further, the findings confirmed the sports specific plyometric training is suitable protocol to bring out the desirable changes over vital capacity and calf girth variables of cricket players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sports Specific Plyometric Training, Physiological Variables, Anthropometric Variables, Vital Capacity, Calf Girth and Cricket Players

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The spread of the 1857 revolt in South Bihar: socio-economic discontent, skilled guerrilla leadership and the conflict of national heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The spread of the 1857 revolt in South Bihar: socio-economic discontent, skilled guerrilla leadership and the conflict of national heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The impact of the 1857 revolt on South Bihar: political restructuring, land ownership changes and the sowing of national consciousness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The impact of the 1857 revolt on South Bihar: political restructuring, land ownership changes and the sowing of national consciousness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition