Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties. It has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti dermatophytic (anti-fungal) effects, with curcumin being the primary active ingredient responsible for most of these biological actions. In herbal and traditional medicine, Curcuma longa is well established for external applications, often being used for the treatment of skin infections, wounds, ulcers, and inflammation. Its powder or pastes have also been included in cosmetic and cleansing regimens, making it a suitable natural agent for herbal wet wipes aimed at skincare, antimicrobial purposes, and soothing irritated or inflamed skin. However, as of now, there is a lack of direct evidence from clinical studies specifically focusing on the use of Curcuma longa in commercially available herbal wet wipes. While its efficacy as an antimicrobial and soothing agent is established in creams and oils, more research is warranted to confirm optimal formulations, dosage, and safety for repeated use in wet wipes. On Eulophia herbecea there are currently no search results directly discussing its application or potential in wet wipes, nor is there readily available research tying it to topical or cleansing uses similar to those of Curcuma longa. Most literature focuses on its broader uses in traditional medicine and as part of herbal formulations but not specifically for wet wipes or external cleansing agents.

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 Keywords

Wet wipes, Anti-inflammatory Anti-oxidant,curcunma lounga ,eulophia herbacea ,Hygiene

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Adolescents live at the intersection of rapid digital transformation and critical psychosocial development. While digital technologies offer learning, social connection, and creativity, they also introduce risks to mental health, sleep, attention, privacy, and safety. This paper proposes an integrated, sustainable Digital Wellbeing Ecosystem for Adolescents (DWEA) that links public policy, school-based education, parental engagement, technology design, monitoring & evaluation. The framework emphasizes systems thinking, rights-based policy, age-appropriate curricula, parental capacity-building, and co-regulation between regulators and industry. Operational guidelines, a multi-level implementation plan, monitoring indicators, and research priorities are outlined. The paper aims to provide policymakers, educators, parents, and researchers with a practical roadmap for creating resilient, adolescent-centered digital wellbeing environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

digital wellbeing; adolescents; policy framework; digital literacy; parental involvement; school curriculum; mental health; governance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Blockchain technology has established itself as a transformative force in recent years, revolutionizing various industries and businesses. Its impact has been profound, changing the way people interact in multiple spaces. As blockchain technology continues to evolve, its influence is expected to be felt across several sectors. While it promises to deliver more reliable and convenient services, the security challenges and concerns surrounding this innovative technology necessitate careful consideration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Security, Privacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic used for respiratory and Helicobacter pylori infections, exhibits poor acid stability, short half-life, and variable bioavailability, leading to frequent dosing and poor patient compliance. This study aimed to develop extended-release mucoadhesive granules of clarithromycin using spray-drying technology to enhance gastric retention and sustain drug release. Formulations were prepared with mucoadhesive and controlled-release polymers including Carbopol 971P, HPMC, HPC, and polyethylene oxide. The granules were evaluated for micromeritic properties, drug content, swelling index, mucoadhesive strength, and in vitro release behavior. Polymer composition significantly affected release kinetics and adhesion characteristics. The optimized formulation exhibited sustained release following zero-order and Higuchi models, along with strong mucoadhesive properties ensuring prolonged gastric residence. Comparative evaluation with a marketed extended-release product confirmed therapeutic equivalence, indicating clinical relevance. The developed spray-dried mucoadhesive granules provide a promising, scalable approach to overcome limitations of conventional clarithromycin therapy, improving compliance and reducing dosing frequency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clarithromycin, Carbopol 971P, Mucoadhesive granules

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Custodial violence is one of the most persistent and disturbing issues to the rule of law, safeguarding human rights, and the sanctity of constitutional governance. The issue of torture, deaths, and abuse within the confines of custody still occurs even with constitutional protections, statutory bans, and judicial policies, to demonstrate how weak the state accountability systems remain. This paper gives a comparative law study on the issue of custodial violence and state responsibility in the United States and India, two democracies that, though having different constitutional traditions, share similarities of individual rights and due process. Using constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks and case law leading judicial precedents, the paper will explore how each jurisdiction conceptualises and applies state responsibility to custodial abuse. It also determines the efficiency of domestic remedy, checks and balances on compliance with international human rights duties through instruments like the United Nations Convention against Torture. The study provides systemic deficits, institutional cultures and enforcement asymmetries as the drivers of impunity through doctrinal, comparative and empirical lenses. The paper is concluded by recommendations on legal and policy changes that can be made to increase accountability, promote transparency and make custodial environments indicative of democratic principles of dignity, justice and inviolability of human life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

State responsibility, Custodial violence, Comparative legal analysis, Human rights, Police accountability, Constitutional law, Torture prevention, Rule of law.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mouth dissolving tablets are those tablets which when placed in mouth get dissolved rapidly in saliva without the need of liquid and can be swallowed. Conventional dosage form such as tablets and capsules are the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self adminstration, compactness and easy manufacturing. To overcome these problems, mouth dissolving tablets have been developed, which having a good hardness, dose uniformity, easy administration and serves as a first choice of dosage forms for pediatrics, geriatrics and travelling patients. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast,within a few seconds,and are true fast dissolving tablets. This tablets format is designed to allow adminstration of an oral solid dose form in absence of water or fluid intake.Such tablet readily dissolve or disintegrate in saliva generally within < 60 seconds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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pholorogucinol, mouth dissolving tablets,cosolvents, experimental design, disintegrate, fast dissolving traditional dosage form.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Information technology has facilitated preservation of the documents, i.e. digital preservation. Institutional repositories are becoming responsible for scholarly content in new ways. This paper highlights some of the initiatives taken in Vasant Rao Naik College for the digital preservation of Rare Book. The article offers suggestions for how your library might best preserve local content.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Preservation, Institutional Repository, Digital Library, Open Source, D-Space.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The objective of this paper is to study and find out the difference between aggression and psychological hardiness among 200 school students of Barnala district. Aggression Inventory by Sultania (2006) and Psychological Hardiness Scale by Singh (2011) were used. Descriptive statistics and t-test were employed. The results of the study showed that there is no significant gender and locale difference among school students on aggression. The results of the study also depicted that there is no significant gender and locale difference among school students on psychological hardiness. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between aggression and psychological hardiness of school students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aggression, Psychological Hardiness and School Students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Thiruvalluvar's social philosophy, as articulated in the "Thirukkural", is characterized by its advocacy for universal human dignity, compassion and social justice, which remain profoundly relevant in contemporary society. The "Thirukkural" promotes ethical values such as equality, charity, non-violence and co-operation, urging individuals and rulers alike to act with responsibility toward the common good. Thiruvalluvar strongly denounces structural inequalities such as caste discrimination and upholds merit and virtue as superior to birth, emphasizing an inclusive social vision where everyone is given equal opportunities. His call for ethical leadership, integrity and fairness in governance resonates with modern demands for transparency and moral accountability in public administration. Furthermore, Thiruvalluvar's focus on self-control, family values and mutual respect within social relationships provides a timeless framework for nurturing social harmony and personal well-being. He extends the principle of compassion to all sentient beings, anticipating contemporary concerns such as environmental ethics and humanitarianism. The "Thirukkural"'s pragmatic yet ideal approach centered on virtue (Aram), material prosperity (Porul) and enjoyment (Inbam) grounds moral philosophy in wordly existence, making it universally applicable across cultures and eras. In today's world of increasing social fragmentation, environmental crises and rising inequality, Thiruvalluvar's teachings on justice, co-operation and the welfare of the marginalized offer valuable ethical guidance for building inclusive, resilient and peaceful communities. His wisdom continues to inspire global audiences and affirm the enduring relevance of ancient ethical thought in addressing modern social challenges.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thiruvalluvar, "Thirukkural", social philosophy, justice, compassion, governance, equality, virtue.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geographical Indications (GIs) serve as pivotal tool in identifying goods originating from specific regions, reflecting the unique qualities, reputation, or characteristics attributable to that origin. While the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) agreement on Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Right (TRIPS) provides a foundational framework for GI protection, its application predominantly favor's agricultural products. Historically, GI protection has focused agriculture products and foodstuffs (wine, cheese, tea, rice) but many non-agricultural goods (handicrafts, textiles, ceramics, metalware, industrial design-linked products) also prosses qualities intimately tied to place of origin and local known knowledge. This paper tries to examines the doctrinal footing of GI protection under TRIPS, analyses key disputes and national practices (with emphasis on WTO disputes and notable national/regional developments), evaluates doctrinal and practical obstacles to expanding heightened protection to non-agriculture products, and proposes legal and policy pathways for expanding protection while balancing trademark and trade interests.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GI, WTO, Protection, Non agricultural products

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition