Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the nature of tribal identity in 21st-century India, including contemporary challenges and struggles as well as resistance to maintaining this identity. The study is based on the distinct socio-cultural structure of the tribal community in the Indian context, which they maintain apart from the tenets of mainstream Indian society, such as the caste system and patriarchy. The research argues that modernization, development projects, globalization and the overextraction of resources have led to serious challenges, including displacement, economic exploitation, loss of resources (such as water, forests, and land) and cultural degradation faced by tribal communities. Despite these challenges, tribal communities are showing unprecedented resilience and resistance to preserve their community identity and distinctive way of life using their traditional knowledge systems and shared history.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tribal Identity, Globalization, Displacement, Forest Rights, Cultural Resilience, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article explores the possibility of life beyond Earth. It discusses scientific discoveries about exoplanets, space missions searching for microbes, and the mystery of the universe. The topic encourages readers to think about how vast our cosmos is and whether humans are truly alone. It combines science with imagination to inspire curiosity about space.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Life beyond earth Search for extraterrestrial life. Solar system exploration Exoplanets Universe Earth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: This research analyses the issue of ecological consciousness and environmental awareness through the lens of coastal fisher communities as portrayed in Anita Desai's The Village by the Sea. The novel, set in the fishing village of Thul located near Bombay, focuses on the complex interconnection of human livelihood and the presence of a natural environment. Utilising an ecocritical lens, this chapter examines Desai's representation of the Sea, land, and seasonal cycles of nature, not simply as geographical locations, but as lively elements that play a role in shaping the moral and economic framework of village life. This study employs qualitative literary analysis, focusing on the relationship to nature, traditional fishing modes of life, and the broader consequences of modernisation that threaten environmental stability. This chapter elaborates on how Desai emphasises sustainability, positioning the villagers' respect for natural cycles in stark contrast to industrial development encroaching on village life, simultaneously threatening both ecological and cultural stability. Collectively, the results illustrate Desai's text as an early warning of ecological turning points, from the loss of indigenous environmental ethics to the pressures of global industrialisation. Overall, through the positioning of The Village by the Sea in a broader conversation surrounding eco-literature and postcolonial ecological studies, this paper illustrates the text's contribution to understanding the moral and cultural dimensions of human-nature relations in coastal settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ecological consciousness, coastal literature, livelihood, environmental ethics, sustainability, Anita Desai, The Village by the Sea, ecocriticism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper explores the contemporary relevance of Gandhian ideology, with particular emphasis on the principles of Satya (truth) and Ahimsa (non-violence) in the international domain. It critically examines how these foundational concepts can inform global diplomacy, conflict resolution, and ethical governance in today's polarized world. The study concludes by reaffirming the enduring potential of Gandhian thought as a pathway to sustainable world peace.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gandhian philosopTruth (Satya), Non-violence (Ahimsa), World peace, International relations, Ethical diplomacy, Conflict resolution, Global governance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Renewable energy innovation is reshaping the global energy landscape, offering cleaner, more sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. This abstract explores the dynamic advancements in solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy technologies, emphasizing breakthroughs in efficiency, storage, and smart grid integration. However, these innovations face significant challenges, including high capital costs, scalability issues, policy inconsistencies, and limited infrastructure in developing regions. Balancing technological progress with economic and regulatory support is crucial for widespread adoption. As nations strive for energy independence and climate resilience, overcoming these hurdles will define the future of renewable energy and its role in sustainable development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Renewable energy,Solar energy,Wind energy,Hydropower,Biomass energy,Geothermal energy,Economic Gowth,Government Initiatives,Global collaboration,Environment and social concerns,Policy and Regulatory Gaps,Energy storage,Green Finance,Infrastructure development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cicer arietinum, commonly referred to as chickpea, is an annual legume plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It has an upright growth habit and typically reaches a height ranging from 20 to 60 centimetres. This study investigates the effects of soluble silica on growth and photosynthetic pigments of chickpea sown in bio-enzyme treated soil. Bio-enzymes, natural growth promoters derived from organic sources, are known to enhance soil fertility and plant health. Soluble silica, a beneficial element for plant growth, was sprayed at different concentrations. The treatment with bio-enzyme was given a day before sowing and continued after every 15 days. The foliar spray of soluble silica was given after 15 days of sowing and continued after every 15 days. Our results showed notable increase in initial growth metrics, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids of chickpea grown in soil treated with 2 ml per litre of bio-enzyme and foliar application of 10 ml per litre soluble silica compared to control and to the other treatments that used either bio-enzyme or soluble silica alone, or in combination. These findings suggest that integrating foliar application of soluble silica on chickpea grown in soil treated with bio-enzyme can significantly boost plant height including the number of branches and leaf numbers along with photosynthetic pigments.

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Carotenoids, Chlorophyll, Cicer arietinum, Plant Height.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Significant factors influencing the buying intention for digital banking include Performance Expectancy, indicating users adopt digital banking for performance improvement; Effort Expectancy, highlighting the importance of ease of use, particularly for less tech-savvy individuals; and Facilitating Conditions, where infrastructure like internet access supports adoption. Hedonic Motivation suggests that enjoyment from using apps affects engagement. Price Consideration plays a role, with users favoring cost-effective options. Conversely, Perceived Risk negatively impacts intent due to concerns over security, while Perceived Trust remains a strong positive predictor for user adoption. Notably, Social Norms do not significantly affect adoption, indicating a trend towards personal financial decisions over peer influence in Thiruvarur distrct.

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Social Norms , Digital banking, Facilitating Conditions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Thalassemia, which means "sea," and haema, which means "of blood," are the Greek terms from which thalassemia is derived. Globally an estimated 300-400 thousand infants are born each year with significant hereditary haemoglobin disorders, and about 80 million are beta- thalassemia carriers. As per the 2011 Census of India , the average prevalence of b-thalassemia trait in India is 3-4%, meaning that there are 42 million carriers out of 1.21 billion persons. Population screening has revealed a greater frequency of carrier status in some populations, including tribal groups in Odisha and Gujarat, as well as Sindhis, Punjabis, Gujaratis, Bengalis, Mahars, Kolis, and Lohanas . Hemoglobin E (Hb E) is another type of thalassemia. A missense mutation at codon 26 is the cause of Hb E thalassemia. Co-inheritance of thalassemia and Hb E is prevalent in countries like southeast Asia, India and Bangladesh. Patients with Hb E or beta thalassemia have higher risk of pulmonary hypertension or vitamin D deficiency. Hemoglobin H can induce chronic hypochromic microcytic anemia and hemolytic anemia, which can exacerbate during times of oxidative stress. This can be successfully broken down into inefficient erythropoiesis and enhanced hemolysis. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is caused by diminished alpha chain synthesis and cell hyperhydration, which impairs hemoglobin production. It is unclear what causes hyperhydration in alpha thalassemia. According to one explanation, the K-Cl cotransporter stops early, preventing the regular loss of K-Cl and water during red blood cell remodeling. Patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia are individuals who, under specific conditions, such as pregnancy, surgery, or infection, occasionally need a red blood transfusion. Patients with hemoglobin H illness and certain cases of hemoglobin E/?-thalassemia, as well as those with moderately severe thalassemia, are included in the NTDT group. Previous research has shown that patients with thalassemia experience a number of disease-related complications. Thalassemia treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease. The sort of treatment a person receives is determined by the severity of their thalassemia. The more severe the thalassemia, the less hemoglobin the body has, which can lead to severe anemia. These article is given for the awareness of thalassemia.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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beta-thalassemia, Haemoglobin, hypochromic microcytic anaemia, hemolytic anaemia, erythropoiesis, hyperhydration, NTDT group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal face toners are now popular in the skincare category because they are made from natural things and are gentle and work well. They hydrate the skin and balance the skin pH. This paper talks about how herbal face toners are made and how they help the skin. It explains that these toners can balance the skin's pH level, tighten pores, and keep the skin hydrated. Because the fennel seed toner is natural and chemical-free, it is suitable for all skin types and supports healthy, glowing skin. The formulation aims to offer a safe, affordable, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic skincare products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fennel seeds, skincare, chemical-free, herbal toner.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Teachers Attitude towards the TGMREIS and Academic achievement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition