Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

The term entrepreneur is derived from the French word, entrepreneur, which translates to "to undertake". Recently, Rural Entrepreneurship has been presenting a significant opportunity for individuals who relocate from rural or semi-urban regions to urban areas. The advancement of rural entrepreneurship is crucial, as approximately 70% of India's population resides in rural regions. Undoubtedly, the economic progress of our nation largely relies on the development of rural areas and the living standards of their rural population. The government has initiated various schemes to promote rural development, which are detailed in this paper. This paper aims to identify the challenges and issues faced by rural entrepreneurship. The data has been primarily gathered from secondary sources related to the subject.

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 Keywords

Entrepreneur, Rural Entrepreneurship, Rural area, Challenges, Opportunities.

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"It is as if we were forced to acknowledge the existence of castes, wishing at the same time they were classes" - Andre Battelle (Author of the book 'Caste, Class and Power') This paper explores the idea of Caste and Class in the scenario of Indian Society. How identity and status of an individual is related to caste, how caste is hidden in class and class is hidden in caste . This caste system creates exclusion and inequalities. We couldn't differentiate caste from class and class from caste in India's context. When we talk about social democracy then the concept of Liberty Equality, Fraternity and respect of human dignity which are the basic pillars for the Annihilation of Caste and when we talk about economic democracy this leads to welfare of the working class. Political, Social and economic philosophies of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar provides us a broad area to discuss and analyse these issues in diverse perspectives. Dr. Ambedkar discussed these issues not only in theory but he also did enormous executive works in this regard. In this paper I will try to recognise Dr. Ambedkar was not only an Architect of Indian Constitution but also as a founder of modern India, founder of democratic India, advocate of social justice, human dignity and human rights. He also must be regarded as an Architect of laws which are related to labour welfare, peasant welfare, women. In this paper I will try to explore the personality and works of Dr. Ambedkar influenced the different sections of the society in different ways. I also try to understand the relevance of Dr. Ambedkar's thoughts on the present scenario of Capitalism and Globalisation and what are the changes going on in the nature of caste and class in Indian Society. " The Community can't ride one track and business another. The two are inseparable, interactive and interdependent " - Cleo F Craig, Former President and Board Chair. A T& T

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 Keywords

Social Democracy, Caste, Class, Labour Welfare, Economic Exclusion.

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Keywords: Chewable toothpaste tablets, conventional toothpaste, plaque index, randomized controlled trial, oral hygiene.

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This study analyses consumer behaviour regarding Maruti Suzuki vehicles in the Tiruchirappalli district, emphasising critical elements that affect purchase decisions, brand loyalty, and customer satisfaction. This research aims to comprehend the resonance of Maruti Suzuki's goods with local consumers, given its status as a premier vehicle manufacturer in India. The research examines factors like price sensitivity, fuel economy, after-sales service, brand impression, and product attributes. Data was gathered via surveys and interviews with an appropriate sample of automobile owners and potential buyers in the region. The results underscore the significance of price, dependability, and comprehensive service networks in influencing consumer preferences. The findings of this research provide substantial direction for Maruti Suzuki and other automotive stakeholders to tailor their tactics to meet the demands and preferences of customers in semi-urban and urban areas like Tiruchirappalli.

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 Keywords

Consumer, Motivation, Maruti cars, Analysis, Trust.

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Abstract: Postmodern novels dismantle traditional ideas about social class and hierarchy through fragmented narratives, irony, metafiction, and cultural deconstruction. Rather than presenting class as a rigid economic category defined by wealth or occupation, postmodern authors reinterpret it as a dynamic and unstable construct influenced by ideology, globalization, technology, and the politics of representation. The fluidity of class in postmodern fiction reflects the dissolution of grand narratives that once sustained social hierarchies. Writers such as Don DeLillo, Margaret Atwood, Salman Rushdie, and Arundhati Roy interrogate class boundaries by situating their characters within shifting global networks of capital, media, and cultural production. Through postmodern techniques--such as intertextuality, parody, non-linear structure, and unreliable narration--these authors challenge conventional depictions of economic disparity and privilege. This paper examines how these narratives foreground the interplay between social class, race, gender, and globalization, showing that identity and status are increasingly mediated through consumer culture and symbolic capital rather than traditional economic systems. In DeLillo's White Noise, for instance, middle-class anxieties are refracted through media saturation and consumerism; Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale reimagines class through gendered labour and reproductive control; Rushdie's Midnight's Children fuses postcolonial history with class mobility; and Roy's The God of Small Things exposes the intersections of caste, class, and colonial legacy in postmodern India. Collectively, these works demonstrate that social class in postmodern fiction is not a static determinant but a discursive site where power, identity, and resistance continually interact. Thus, the postmodern novel becomes a cultural mirror reflecting the instability of late-capitalist societies and the erosion of clear class boundaries in an age defined by global interconnection and ideological multiplicity.

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Keywords: Social Class, Postmodernism, Capitalism, Globalization, Identity, Representation etc.

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Today in our digitally driven world, maintaining reliable and swift interactions among individuals and software programs has become increasingly crucial. The JSON Web Token (JWT) has become an extensively utilized technique for managing authentication and access control within contemporary internet applications. This document investigates the role that JWT plays in shaping interactions between users and software programs, focusing on aspects such as session handling, data protection, and overall usability. Analyzing practical scenarios reveals how JSON Web Tokens improve system efficiency via lightweight authentication methods while impacting scalability and shaping app architecture effectively. Furthermore, our discussion encompasses typical issues like token expiry, data management, and security threats, seeking insights into their advantages alongside possible disadvantages. This study underscores how JWT significantly influences creating robust and smooth interactions for users within contemporary software environments.

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JSON Web Token, Authentication, Access Control, Security, Session Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The international transition to renewable energy is a critical response to soften the blow of climate change. As countries around the world commit to a net-zero emission, challenges emerge in the domains of economics, technology, politics and social life. This research paper explores international perspectives on energy transitions, its causes/consequences and various possible course actions.

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Climate change, Paris agreement, renewable energy, carbon dioxide , earth, atmosphere, clean energy, government, climate policies, environment

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Creativity is one of the most valued abilities in all societies, playing a crucial role in fostering critical and divergent thinking among learners. The Synectics model of teaching is an innovative instructional approach that has significant potential for enhancing students' creativity. It engages learners in various metaphorical activities, which serve as powerful tools to stimulate imaginative thinking and problem-solving. Synectics provides students with opportunities to think beyond conventional boundaries and express their ideas more creatively. Developed by Gordon and his associates, this sophisticated technique has been effectively employed to generate solutions to complex and challenging problems. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Synectics teaching model in fostering descriptive style in the English language among secondary school students. An experimental design was employed, comprising an experimental group and a control group. The findings revealed that the performance of students in the experimental group on the test of descriptive style was significantly higher than that of the control group. These results highlight the efficacy of the Synectics teaching model as a powerful instructional strategy for promoting creativity and improving descriptive writing skills in English among secondary school students.

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Synectics Teaching Model, Descriptive Style, English Language, Creativity

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In today's interconnected digital ecosystem, organizations increasingly rely on third-party vendors and service providers for critical IT and business operations. However, these vendor relationships expose organizations to significant cybersecurity and compliance risks. Existing Third-Party Risk Management (TPRM) tools are often expensive, complex, and lack transparency in their scoring methodologies, making them impractical for small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). This research proposes SecureVendor, a lightweight, transparent, and explainable TPRM framework that enables organizations to assess, monitor, and track vendor risks effectively. The proposed system introduces an explainable risk scoring mechanism, vendor remediation tracking, and continuous alerting features to address current gaps. The study uses both secondary (literature) and primary (public survey) research methods to evaluate the challenges and expectations of professionals in the cybersecurity and compliance domains. Findings from the survey validate the hypothesis that SMEs require more accessible, transparent, and action-oriented TPRM solutions.

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Third-Party Risk Management, Vendor Risk, Cybersecurity, GRC, Compliance, Explainable Scoring, Remediation Tracking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The arrival of sixth-generation (6G) networks is set to change the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. It will provide ultra-low latency, high reliability, and smooth connectivity for future self-driving cars and smart transportation systems. With more artificial intelli- gence (AI), edge computing, and fast communication, IoV will be the foundation of next-generation mobility services. However, the open, dynamic, and diverse nature of vehicle networks makes them very vulnerable to various cyber threats. Attacks such as Sybil, spoofing, denial-of-service (DoS), replay, and data manipulation can undermine trust, disrupt services, and even put passenger safety at risk. Traditional cryptography and security protocols are somewhat effective but often face problems with scalability, high overhead, and limited flexibility in highly mobile and resource-limited settings. Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as a promising way to overcome these limitations. It creates smart virtual replicas of vehicles, networks, and environments. These digital counterparts allow real-time monitoring, detect problems, and provide predictive security defense. Recent advancements show the effectiveness of DT-driven security methods. Cyber-Twin- based intrusion detection improves the recognition of anomalies and allows for flexible countermeasures. In the same way, DT- powered data sharing in Open RAN boosts data confidentiality and integrity while cutting down on communication delays. Trust management strategies based on DTs help evaluate vehicle interactions, ensuring reliable decision-making and detection of harmful nodes. Additionally, the combination of federated learn- ing with blockchain technology offers decentralized, privacy- protecting, and tamper-resistant security solutions. This ap- proach helps address issues like data poisoning and reliance on central authorities. Collectively, DT-enabled frameworks improve detection accu- racy, reduce latency, increase scalability, and boost resilience against complex cyberattacks. These advancements show the transformative potential of DTs in securing 6G-enabled vehicular networks. They are essential for creating safe, efficient, and intelligent transportation systems.

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 Keywords

6G, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Vehicle-to- Everything (V2X), Digital Twin (DT), Cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection, Trust Management, Authentication, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Cyber-Twin, Open RAN, Federated Learning, Blockchain, Autonomous Driving, Smart Transportation Systems, Low Latency, Scalability, Resilience.

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