Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Accidental displacement of tooth or root fragments into the maxillary sinus during dental extraction is an uncommon but potentially serious complication in oral and maxillofacial practice. It most frequently involves maxillary posterior teeth, particularly the palatal roots of first molars, mesiobuccal roots of second molars, and third molars, due to their close anatomical proximity to the sinus floor. Displacement may occur because of thin or pneumatized sinus floors, root morphology, excessive extraction force, pre-existing pathology, or inadequate surgical technique. Clinically, patients may present with sudden disappearance of a tooth during extraction, oroantral communication, nasal regurgitation, sinus congestion, facial swelling, or purulent discharge. Diagnosis is guided by imaging modalities, with cone-beam computed tomography being the gold standard. Management involves immediate care, surgical retrieval via approaches such as Caldwell-Luc, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, or conservative intraoral techniques, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Preventive measures, prompt recognition, and tailored management are essential to minimize complications and preserve sinus and oral function.

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 Keywords

Maxillary sinus, Tooth displacement, Oroantral communication, Extraction complication, Sinusitis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The aim of this project is to build a smart system that can turn sign language into spoken words and written text. It is designed to help people who are deaf or cannot speak communicate more easily with those who do not understand sign language. Most sign language translator devices today are expensive and can only show text. To solve this, the system uses modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)[2]. These allow it to quickly recognize hand gestures and convert them into clear speech and readable text. The system uses computer vision to track and understand hand movements, along with a speech module that produces natural-sounding voice. It is simple, affordable, and easy to carry, making it useful in everyday situations like schools, hospitals, and public places. Another important feature is that the system can improve over time. As it collects more data, it can learn new signs and support different sign languages, becoming more accurate. We extract optical flow features based on human pose estimation and, using a linear classifier, show these features are meaningful with an accuracy of 80%.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

"AI-BASED SIGN LANGUAGE TO TEXT AND SPEECH CONVERTER"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper we prove certain fixed point theorems for multi valued and single valued mappings in such spaces, by using Generalized distance function. Our results extend some existing results.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ordered set, Multi valued mapping, single valued mapping, fixed point.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian economy is riding on new wave of economic transformation pioneered by platform economy, driven by convergence of several factors such as strong digital ecosystem, tech - savvy people, fast pace of urbanization, increasing preference for freelancing, growing entrepreneur spirit among others. As a result, consumers, workers and business organizations look beyond traditional ways of doing business and employment and search for elements such as convenience, flexibility and autonomy, backed by trust and accountability in their day - to - day work and business transactions. Platform economy has the potential to offer these elements and emerge as win - win situation for all its stakeholders. It is also changing the traditional employer - employee relationship. 'Code of Social Security 2020' would prove to be a 'game - changer' in future. The present paper aims to analyse 'platform business' model in India, key growth drivers of this model, weighing its benefits and challenges and way ahead.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital ecosystem, Employability, Empowerment, Freelancing, Social Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Iron deficiency Anaemia represents the most common nutritional deficiency disorder worldwide, creating a significant public health issue across all demographics. This condition occurs when the intake, absorption, or utilization of iron is insufficient to meet the body's requirements, leading to reduced hemoglobin production and the development of small, pale red blood cells. Three stages often characterise the condition: first, the body's iron stores are depleted; next, the formation of red blood cells is decreased because of inadequate iron; and last, and the advent of observable Anaemia symptoms. Commonly experienced symptoms include fatigue, pallor, breathlessness, a rapid heart rate, fragile and brittle nails, tongue inflammation, hair thinning, and restless legs syndrome. Important risk factors encompass pregnancy, adolescence, heavy menstrual periods, vegetarian or vegan diets, weight-loss surgeries, regular blood donations, and chronic health conditions. From a physiological standpoint, iron deficiency compromises the body's capacity to transport oxygen, produce cellular energy, create DNA, and facilitate various enzymatic processes. Proper nutritional management is vital for both treating and preventing this condition, highlighting the significance of consuming heme iron sources like meat, fish, and poultry, as well as non-heme sources such as legumes, greens, and fortified grains, while also including enhancers like vitamin C. Nutraceutical strategies, including iron supplements, biochemically enhanced crops, and specially formulated functional foods, are crucial for improving iron levels. If untreated, iron deficiency Anaemia may cause cognitive and learning difficulties, a weakened immune system, complications during pregnancy, and a decreased quality of life.

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 Keywords

Iron deficiency anemia, nutritional management, dietary strategies, iron supplementation, iron bioavailability, micronutrient deficiency, heme iron, non-heme iron folate, vitamin B12, ferritin; iron absorption inhibitors, phytates, tannins, calcium, women of reproductive age, pregnant women, food fortification, dietary diversification, public health nutrition, nutritional education, Anaemia prevention.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The exponential expansion of big data has emphasized the necessity for efficient frequent pattern mining (FPM) techniques capable of extracting meaningful insights from massive datasets. This study integrates and enhances previous research on optimizing the Apriori algorithm for distributed computing environments, particularly Apache Spark and Hadoop MapReduce. A Dynamic MapReduce approach combined with pruning optimization is proposed to minimize computational complexity and execution time. The enhanced Apriori algorithm achieved an execution time of 43.20 seconds under an optimal configuration of three mappers and two reducers in Apache Spark, compared to 83.20 seconds without pruning. Similarly, in Hadoop MapReduce, a dynamic configuration with five mappers and three reducers achieved 83.84 seconds, outperforming the static configuration (150.37 seconds). The results demonstrate that adaptive resource allocation and pruning based on the anti-monotone property can substantially improve scalability and efficiency. The findings have practical implications for data-intensive domains such as retail and healthcare, where optimized frequent pattern mining enables faster and more accurate decision-making.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Apriori Algorithm, Dynamic MapReduce, Apache Spark, Pruning Techniques, Frequent Pattern Mining

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Gujarat's economic development depends much on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), who also greatly help to generate jobs, boost industry, and export volume. But finance restrictions typically cause MSMEs difficulty as they affect their viability and expansion. The effect of financial accessibility, taxation policies, and economic elements on MSME performance in Gujarat is investigated in this paper. According to the study, although high interest rates and loan rejection rates significantly affect financial resilience, credit availability and working capital management are absolutely vital for MSME development and sustainability. While financial knowledge is very important for good financial management, tax compliance expenses and GST loads further lower profitability. Furthermore greatly affecting MSME financial stability are economic elements such inflation, interest rate swings, and global trade policies; high inflation and borrowing rates therefore impede company growth. Emphasizing the importance of stronger financial policy and loan accessibility, a regression study shows that economic circumstances define 68% of MSME financial stability. To improve MSME financial resilience, the report advises governmental measures include streamlined tax structures, lower compliance costs, lower MSME interest rates, and financial literacy initiatives. Through tackling these financial difficulties, Gujarat's MSMEs may attain better development, more solid financial stability, and long-term sustainability, thus helping the state's economy to develop.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MSMEs, financial accessibility, working capital management, taxation policies, GST compliance, economic factors, financial stability, interest rates, credit availability, business growth, Gujarat MSMEs, financial literacy, inflation, global trade policies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusive education promotes equal learning opportunities for all students including those with Intellectual Disability. However implementing inclusive practices often presents significant challenges. This paper explore the academic , social , emotional, and structural barriers faced by students with Intellectual Disability in inclusive classroom and provides recommendation for improving inclusion practices. Inclusive education aims to integrate students with intellectual disabilities (Intellectual Disability) into mainstream classrooms, providing equitable learning opportunities. However, its implementation faces multifaceted challenges that hinder effective inclusion. Academically, these students often struggle with rigid curricula not tailored to their learning needs, compounded by insufficient teacher training and lack of specialized instructional strategies. Socially, students with Intellectual Disability confront peer rejection, bullying, and isolation, impacting their social development and emotional well-being. Structural barriers such as inadequate facilities, limited access to assistive technologies, and insufficient institutional support further exacerbate their educational experience. Additionally, negative attitudes and misconceptions among educators and peers create attitudinal obstacles to inclusion. Overcoming these challenges requires a comprehensive approach including professional development for teachers, curriculum flexibility, enhanced support services, and community awareness to foster acceptance and ensure meaningful participation of students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Inclusive education, Intellectual disability, Teacher training, Social-emotional adjustment, Educational barriers etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study was conducted to assess the effects of artificial exposure of light at night on blood glucose level among IT workers at selected IT company in coimbatore district .The objective of the study was to assess the blood giucose level after the effect of artificial exposure of light at night among IT workers and to find out the findings with the selected demographic variables . A quantitative research approach was adopted for the study .A descriptive Cross sectional design was adopted for the study . The sample consisted of 35 IT employees who worked in NRI sector night shift. The target population included IT workers aged 20-45 years who worked night shifts or had extended screen exposure during night hours. Night-shift workers with high ALAN exposure exhibited significantly higher mean fasting blood glucose levels compared to day-shift workers (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between duration of ALAN exposure and elevated glucose levels. Sleep disturbances and reduced melatonin secretion were identified as potential mediating factors. This study found that greater artificial light exposure at night (ALAN) among IT workers at the selected Coimbatore company was associated with adverse effects on blood-glucose regulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial light exposure at night , Blood glucose level

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

South India comprises four states and union territories, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. In South India, paddy is a staple food crop that has been cultivated since ancient times. At present, paddy cultivation has claimed an unrivalled position and assumed the pride of place in the food grain crop scenario of southern India, relegating all other food crops to a position of poor secondary importance. In this significant process, paddy cultivation has undergone spectacular changes in the cultivation area, production, yielding crop areas under irrigation, etc. South Indian states dominate in area after West Bengal and Odisha states and in production after Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. The mechanisation and development of irrigation facilities and lift irrigation systems have greatly paved the way in South India for the abundant cultivation of paddy crops. Also, the researchers developing new breeds and high-yielding varieties have amply contributed to bringing more land under paddy cultivation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agri culture, Area Yield, Production, irrigation etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition