Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This paper presents the design and development of a Smart Uro-Bag, an advanced, non-contact urine analysis system aimed at continuous and real-time health monitoring. The system integrates a chemically reactive urine test strip within a urine collection bag and employs a color sensor to detect colorimetric changes in the strip, which correspond to specific biomarkers related to kidney and bladder health. These color changes are captured by the sensor and interpreted using a microcontroller (ESP32), which processes the data and transmits it wirelessly via Bluetooth to a connected smartphone or monitoring system. The core objective is to provide a hygienic, contactless, and automated method for analyzing urine samples, particularly for elderly, immobile, or hospitalized patients. By reducing the need for manual intervention, the Smart UroBag enhances patient safety, improves diagnostic efficiency, and supports timely medical intervention. Its compact design, low cost, and ease of integration make it a promising tool for both home-based care and clinical environments. This solution bridges the gap between traditional urine analysis and smart healthcare, paving the way for next-generation biomedical monitoring tools.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Urine Bag, Urine Analysis, Color Sensor, EPS32 Microcontroller, Bluetooth Transmission, Real Time Health Monitoring.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In developing countries like India, nutritional deficiency is one of the major reasons behind many diseases, especially among children. A large part of the Indian population lives below the poverty line and is unable to afford a well-balanced diet that includes important food items like milk, cereals, pulses, and green leafy vegetables. As a result, many Indian children suffer from nutritional deficiency disorders,the most common being Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 2 million children around the world are anaemic, and about half of them suffer specifically from iron deficiency anaemia.In Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with Pandu Roga, which is described in classical texts based on similar signs and symptoms. Ayurveda explains that Pandu Roga occurs due to the loss of the body's vital essence, known as Ojas, which is responsible for strength- bala, varna, sneha. When Ojas is reduced, it leads to low blood formation (alpa rakta), poor nourishment (alpa meda), and fatigue (nissara). This further results in indriyashaithilya, and vivarnata. The main goal of treatment in Ayurveda is to correct and balance especially a white skin tone known as pandu varn and their related symptoms. Dhatvagni and Jatharagni are responsible for proper metabolism in body. When Agni is properly balanced, the metabolism functions normally, and the body is better able to digest food, absorb nutrients, and maintain good health.This article explores the condition systematically, covering epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and preventive strategies. Early intervention, dietary supplementation, and community programs are emphasized as critical measures to combat its impact.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Iron Deficiency Anemia, Panduroga, Pediatrics, Hemoglobin, Nutritional Deficiency

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bauddh trikaay tulnatmak samiksha

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bauddh trikaay tulnatmak samiksha

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Of The Study: Personal Hygiene Refers To Regularly Washing Parts Of The Body And Hair With Soap And Water (Including Washing Your Hands And Feet), Grooming Nails, Facial Cleanliness, Covering Coughs And Sneezes, And Menstrual Hygiene. Personal Hygiene Practices Can Help You To Feel Fresh And Healthy. Good Hygiene Helps Children To Live A Happier And Healthier Life. It Also Helps To Reduce The Risk Of Illness, Build Self-Esteem And Teach Life Skills. Statement of The Problem:"A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Health Education On Knowledge Regarding Personal Hygiene Among Govt. Middle School Children Studying In Selected Rural Schools At Jatkhedi Bhopal." Objectives Of The Study -To Assess The Pre-Test Knowledge Level Regarding Personal Hygiene Among Of Govt. Middle School Children Regarding.To Assess The Post -Test Knowledge Level Regarding Personal Hygiene Among Of Govt. Middle School Children Regarding. To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Health Education On Personal Hygiene By Comparing The Pre-Test And Post-Test Knowledge Scores.To Find Out The Association Between Pre-Test Knowledge Levels Of Middle School Children Regarding Personal Hygiene With Selected Socio-Demographic Variables.H1:The Post- Test Mean Knowledge Score Will Be Higher Than The Pre Test Mean Knowledge Score Regarding Personal Hygiene Among Middle School Children.H2: There Will Be Significant Association Between Pre-Test Knowledge Levels Of Middle School Children Regarding Personal Hygiene With Selected Socio-Demographic Variables. DATA Collection Methods :-Chi-Square (?2) Test Was Used To Determine The Association Between Pre-Test Knowledge Level Of Middle School Children Regarding Personal Hygiene And Selected Socio-Demographic Variables. Paired "T" Test Was Used To Determine The Effectiveness Of Health Education On Personal Hygiene Comparing The Mean Knowledge Pre Test And Post Test Scores Of Middle School Children. RESULT :- The Chi-Square Test Was Carried Out To Determine The Association Between The Pre- Test Knowledge And Demographic Variables Such As Age, Gender, Religion, Class, Parent Education, Type Of Family, Monthly Income, Residence Of Area ,Source Of Information. Out Of Which Age (? 2= 3.3*), Religion (? 2= 3.95*) And Type Of Family (?2=5.48*) Were Found To Be Significantly Associated With Pre- Test Knowledge At 5%Level And The Rest Of The Demographic Variables Were Not Significant. Hence Research Hypotheses H2 Is Proved And Accepted. It Is Evident That Pre-Test Knowledge Score Is Better Influenced By Age, Religion And Type Of Family Of Middle School Children.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: - Personal Hygiene, Middle School Children (6th -8th Standard ),Health Education .

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is associated with aging, disease, or inactivity and increases the risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Fanny Petermann Rocha (2021) revealed that the prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia varies significantly depending on diagnostic criteria, underscoring the need for standardized guidelines to ensure consistent comparisons across populations. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyse the prevalence of sarcopenia among the geriatric population using SCAR-F questionnaire and to determine prevalence of sarcopenia using bio impedance analysis. METHODOLOGY: The prevalence of sarcopenia was assessed in 200 older adults aged 50-80 years over a four-week period using a convenience sampling method. The study was conducted at selected clinics and participants' homes. Inclusion criteria comprised willing, lean older adults, while individuals with psychological disorders, recent surgeries, or traumatic injuries were excluded. Sarcopenia assessment was performed using the SARC-F questionnaire in combination with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). RESULT: Sarcopenia prevalence was highest (89%) among individuals aged 80-90 years. Age was significantly associated with sarcopenia, whereas gender showed no significant relationship. SARC-F scores demonstrated a strong correlation with age and muscle strength, with all predictors except gender reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between age and sarcopenia prevalence, underscoring the importance of early screening and intervention. Results support the use of the SARC-F questionnaire and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) as practical tools for preliminary assessment of sarcopenia.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sarcopenia, Skeletal Muscle Mass, Bio electrical impedance analysis, SARCF Questionnaire.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the deep-rooted influence of Arab culture on the cuisine of Kerala's Malabar Coast and posits this shared heritage as a strategic asset for the contemporary hospitality sector. For centuries, the spice trade fostered a profound cultural and social fusion between the Arabian Peninsula and Kerala, leading to the emergence of the Mappila community and its unique culinary traditions. This study analyzes the historical integration, compares the characteristics of traditional vegetarian Keralan cuisine with the meat-rich, complex flavors of Mappila food, and examines key dishes like Thalassery Biryani and Alisa to illustrate this synthesis. The research reveals that Mappila cuisine is not a mere imitation of Arabic food but an authentic, hybrid tradition that adapted foreign ingredients and techniques, such as the use of ghee, warm spices, and dum cooking, to local tastes and products like kaima rice. For the modern Arab tourist, this presents an experience of "familiarity in exoticism," offering comforting, recognizable flavors within a new and exciting Indian context. The paper argues for a strategic shift away from serving generic "Middle Eastern" food towards marketing Mappila cuisine as a discovery of shared culinary history. Strategic recommendations for the hospitality sector include developing menus with historical storytelling, creating immersive food tours and cooking classes, and launching targeted marketing campaigns to position Kerala as a premier culinary destination for the Arab market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mappila Cuisine, Kerala Cuisine, Culinary Tourism, Arab Influence, Food Heritage, Hospitality Marketing, Malabar Coast, Cultural Fusion

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Shweta Pradara is one of the most common and burning problem faced by the women all around the globe. No woman is an exception to this illness. Many of the gynecological disorders present Shweta pradara as the major complaint which if neglected may lead to ascending infections harming the general health and disturbing the women psychologically. Shweta pradara can be a symptom of many diseases as well as an independent entity. The white discharge with foul smell makes it embracing to get into the social gatherings and even engaging in to her personal affairs. The white discharge may start as a simple problem and end in severity up to infertility if not treated at right time. There are many treatments prescribed for this problem but not free from side effects and reoccurrence. Hence selection of an appropriate treatment without disturbing the other system is very much essential. The present study has been designed to substantiate the Nidana and Samprapti, Samprapti Vighantana of Shweta Pradara, so that an alternative better form of therapy can be made available in those suffering from Shweta Pradara. Taking into account, the complications of untreated Shweta Pradara like infertility etc. It is therefore imperative that this condition be actively treated and the quality of life be restored.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Shweta Pradara, Vaginal Discharge, Infertility, White Discharge.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The integration of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) with embedded camera systems has significantly advanced industrial inspection tools, offering deterministic performance, precise control, and support for complex imaging tasks. This review explores the architecture, performance, and challenges associated with RTOS-based camera firmware. Through a comparative analysis of key RTOS platforms and experimental results, the review highlights how these systems enable efficient defect detection, edge AI processing, and real-time responsiveness. Despite the progress, issues such as hardware abstraction, power optimization, and AI integration remain key areas for development. The review concludes with future directions aimed at enhancing scalability, adaptability, and intelligence in industrial vision systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RTOS, Embedded Firmware, Industrial Inspection, Camera Control, Edge AI, Real-Time Systems, Image Processing, FreeRTOS, Zephyr, VxWorks.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Creating appropriate questions that assess different cognitive subskills of learners in reading and listening is crucial in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, especially in summative assessments. This study examines the differences in question difficulty levels and how the assessed subskills vary in terms of cognitive demand even when the same question format is used. A set of questions developed by the researchers demonstrates how test writers and material developers can modify question difficulty levels to differentiate learners according to their performance. The study also highlights how phrasing and cognitive demand can significantly influence fairness and reliability in classroom assessments. This theoretical study provides practical implications in the field of material creation and test development to ensure appropriateness of tasks used and fairness in the distribution of difficulty level. It further offers a conceptual model that can guide future empirical research on aligning question types with learner performance and additional research in listening and writing skills.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

question types, EFL assessment, sub skills, skimming, scanning, intensive reading, difficulty level, inference, critical thinking, test writers, material developers, learner performance, appropriate tasks, fair distribution.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ayurveda is science of life that gives equal emphasis to diet & lifestyle. Ayurveda shows the ways to overcome diseases and also to maintain good health. Ayurveda has given importance to diet and regimen as a part of Chikitsa. The term Panchakarma is made out of two words, Pancha (five) and Karma. Karma refers to procedures and having the capacity to expel out the vitiated Doshas. The five procedures i.e Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya and Raktamokshana are nothing but the internal purification of the body. The patient loses energy after Pradhana Shodhana Karma and the kaya becomes weak. In Panchakarma therapy, role of Pathya-Apathya has a great importance. Various Acharyas recommend Ashtamahadoshkara Bhava (eight obstacles) to be avoided and achieve desired outcomes, as well as to return the patient's body to a regular lifestyle and food. Acharyas clearly mentions about eight impediments which should be avoided after Samshodhana to prevent complications and get desired results of it. In Ayurveda classical texts Acharyas has explained the eight factors which are Apathya (to be avoided during any Panchakarma procedure). These eights factors are called as Ashtamahadoshkara Bhava and these should be avoided by patient to get best result in the Panchakarma therapy. If the above eights factors are not avoided, they cause certain complications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ashtmahadoshkara Bhava, Panchakarma Therapy, Shodhana Therapy, Pathya

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition