Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

India's FMCG sector stands as a key driver for economic expanding market capitalization generating employment and supplying essential goods such as food household products and personal care item through this it faces pressure from economic forces like inflation interest rate changes which indirectly influences the stock's performance. In this analysis we study on a decade of monthly data using advanced statistical tools which include tests to explore casual and effect relationships, it includes models to measure market volatility and methods to assess how economic shocks affect the sector. The findings show that FMCG stocks return don't follow a predictable pattern. This justifies the need volatility analysis while the data is consistency ensures we get reliable results. Big companies like Hindustan Unilever and Dabur are key growth drivers with inflation and interest rate having only a little long-term impact on them. But rising interest rates tend to hurt returns while inflation can boost them by allowing companies to adjust prices. The findings of this study indicates that economic shocks can cause irregular returns after the pandemic but the pause back quickly showing its resilience. The FMCG stocks contribute very little economic volatility which in return shows their stability in the market. The interest rate changes have a strong influence on the stock movements rather than inflation but both factors play a very significant role together. These findings highlight the FMCG sector's ability to assert and prevent economic volatility. Policy makers should prioritize stable monetary policies and invest can view FMCG stocks a safe investment during uncertain times. The businesses can focus more on smart pricing strategies. This study explains the sector's critical role in India's economy which offers valuable insights for managing risks, shaping policies and guiding investments in a fast changing environment.

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 Keywords

FMCG Sector, Inflation, Interest Rates, Stock Returns, Econometric Analysis, Macroeconomic Influences

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This manuscript examines the multifaceted processes through which primary school children acquire knowledge, emphasizing cognitive, social, emotional, and experiential dimensions. Drawing upon contemporary developmental theories and empirical studies, the paper explores how children construct understanding, the role of educators and caregivers, and the impact of environmental factors. It also addresses challenges such as educational disparities and the integration of technology in learning. The findings underscore the necessity for a holistic, inclusive, and context-sensitive approach to primary education that fosters the development of the whole child

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 Keywords

Cognitive Development, Social Learning, Emotional Intelligence, Experiential Learning, Primary Education, Educational Equity, Technology in Education

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Among women of reproductive age, Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), commonly known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is one of the most prevalent endocrinological and metabolic condition. which is characterized by insulin resistance, irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian cyst formation, has a major effect on long-term metabolic health and fertility. The condition has a complex etiology that includes lifestyle, environmental variables, and genetic predisposition. that PCOD, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is becoming more and more common, this integrated paradigm combines lifestyle therapies centered on nutrition, exercise, and the management of metabolic and psychological problems with medicinal treatment for symptoms such as irregular menstruation and hyperandrogenism. The endocrine problems that accompany polycystic ovarian syndrome are among the most prevalent metabolic spectrum illnesses in the human population. The focus has shifted to genetic and epigenetic alterations as potential causes of the illness due to the variation in phenotypic manifestation across individuals and within family lines.

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 Keywords

Polycystic Ovary Disease, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Hormonal Imbalance, Anovulation, Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Infertility, Lifestyle Intervention, Pharmacological Management, Ovarian Dysfunction

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ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer poses a significant global burden and remains a serious therapeutic challenge. Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with around 6,60,000 new cases in 2022. Virtually all cervical cancer cases (99%) are linked to genital Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Cervical cancer is an easily preventable disease; the morbidity rate can be minimized by early detection of risk factors, proper screening and vaccination. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 women between the age group of 25-45 years, residing in rural areas of Bagalkot, selected using convenient sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire with interview method was used to gather information about risk factors of cervical cancer. Chi square test was used to uncover the relationship between risk factors of cervical cancer and socio-demographic variables. Results: 49.4% women were at low risk, 32% women had no risk, 13% women had medium risk and 5.4% were highly risk for getting cervical cancer. A significant association was found between risk factors of cervical cancer and age (?2 =30.03, P<0.05), educational status (?2 = 95.4, P<0.05), family monthly income (?2 = 124.5, P<0.05), marital status (?2 =24.1, P<0.05), occupation (?2 = 39.6, P<0.05) and type of diet (?2 = 21.9, P<0.05) at the position of significance of 0.05. Conclusion: After evaluation of risk factors of cervical cancer among women between 25-45 years, it was found that most women were having the risk for cervical cancer and need educational programmes to develop awareness regarding prevention of cervical cancer.

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Cervical cancer, risk factors. Women, rural area, prevention.

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the portrayal of female characters in the works of Saadat Hasan Manto, with a focus on how his narratives interrogate the intersection of social stigma, gender, and female subjectivity within a conservative, patriarchal society. By closely examining iconic stories such as Thanda Gosht, and Khol Do, the paper explores how Manto masterfully critiques societal norms and exposes the complexities of female agency in a world where women are often marginalized, objectified, and confined by rigid social expectations. Drawing on feminist literary criticism, the paper engages with the theoretical frameworks of Simone de Beauvoir, Gayatri Spivak, and bell hooks to evaluate how Manto's stories challenge traditional gender roles, highlight the psychological and emotional resilience of women, and reveal the multifaceted nature of female identity within a deeply gendered society. Through close textual analysis, this research highlights the centrality of social stigma in shaping women's lives, particularly in relation to their sexuality, honour, and perceived morality. Furthermore, the paper delves into Manto's nuanced portrayal of female characters as subjects with agency--women who resist, endure, and navigate oppressive forces in ways that defy simplistic categorization. In doing so, it argues that Manto's works serve as an important contribution to feminist literature in South Asia, raising essential questions about the ways in which gender dynamics, power, and societal expectations shape women's experiences. Finally, the paper reflects on the continued relevance of Manto's exploration of these themes in contemporary gender discourse, urging readers to critically examine modern gender relations through the lens of Manto's complex and often uncomfortable depictions of female subjectivity and resistance

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 Keywords

Saadat Hasan Manto, Feminist literary criticism, Female subjectivity, Patriarchal society, Gender and power, Social stigma

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The eye is the most highly specialized sensory organ, serving the vital function of vision, which is considered the most important of the five senses. As vision plays a crucial role in the quality of life and interaction with the environment, it becomes essential to protect ocular health throughout one's lifespan. In Ayurveda, Timira is a disease that encompasses a broad spectrum of visual disturbances, ranging from mild blurring to complete vision loss. Age related physiological insufficiency of accommodation is not merely a refractive error but a condition of physiological insufficiency of accommodation, resulting in a gradual decline in near vision with age. The phenomenon of age-related physiological insufficiency of accommodation closely parallels the Ayurvedic concept of Timira as described in the context of Drishtigata Roga. Both conditions are characterized by a gradual decline in near vision, typically occurring with advancing age, and share underlying features of tissue degeneration and functional impairment of the visual apparatus. This article attempts to explore the correlation between Timira and age-related physiological insufficiency of accommodation, with the aim of enhancing understanding through an integrative perspective rooted in both classical Ayurvedic principles and modern ophthalmic science.

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Timira , age-related physiological insufficiency of accommodation , Presbyopia, Drishtigata Roga.

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Investor behavior is often impacted by emotional and cognitive biases, influencing financial outcomes. This paper proposes that key concepts from the Yoga V?si??ha--vair?gya (detachment), upa?ama (mental calmness), and viveka (discernment, ethical discrimination)--offer a novel framework to enhance investor psychology and decision-making in stock markets. Using qualitative conceptual analysis, it integrates ancient yogic philosophy with contemporary behavioral finance. These principles provide practical tools for emotional balance, improved rationality, and ethical investing. This interdisciplinary approach aims to strengthen investor self-regulation and promote sustained long-term success.

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Behavioral Finance, Yoga V?si??ha, Investor Psychology, Emotional Regulation, Investor Self-Regulation.

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Mouth dissolving tablets are those that dissolve or disintegrate quickly in the oral cavity, resulting in solution or suspension. In the present study Mouth dissolving tablet of Meclizine was prepared by direct compression method using crosspovidone, Crosscarmellose and Indion 414, as superdisintegrants. FT-IR study shows that there is no significant interactions occur between drug and excipient. The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like various density parameters, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time and In-vitro dissolution time. All the parameters were found to be within limits. The developed formulation of Meclizine batch F8 (9 % Indion 414) showed good palatability and dispersed within 30 seconds as compared to crosscarmellose

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Mouth dissolving tablets, crosspovidone, superdisintegrants, Indion 414 and FT-IR

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Abstract: The evolution of mobile communication from 5G to 6G marks a revolutionary shift in the way smart cities operate, communicate, and optimize resources. This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced communication protocols, focusing on the design and optimization aspects of 5G and emerging 6G technologies for intelligent urban ecosystems. Fifth-generation (5G) communication introduces high-speed connectivity, low latency, and massive device interconnectivity through technologies such as Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), beamforming, and network slicing. However, the exponential rise in data demand, ultra-reliable communication requirements, and the integration of billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitate further innovation--ushering in the sixth generation (6G). 6G envisions unprecedented performance with terabit-level data rates, sub-millisecond latency, and integrated sensing, computing, and communication capabilities powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The paper analyzes the performance parameters such as channel capacity, spectral and energy efficiency, latency, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), highlighting their implications for smart city applications including autonomous transportation, real-time environmental monitoring, and advanced healthcare systems. The review concludes by identifying key design challenges and future research directions necessary to achieve efficient, adaptive, and sustainable communication infrastructures for next-generation smart cities.

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 Keywords

5G Communication, 6G Networks, Smart Cities

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Rapimelt Tablets are oral solid dosage forms that disintegrate in the oral cavity in easy swallow residue. Rapimelt tablets are also known as Mouth dissolving tablets, Orally disintegrating tablets, Melt- in- mouth, Fast dissolving drug delivery, Rapimelts tablets, Porous tablets, Quick dissolving tablets etc. Recently ODT terminology has been approved by United States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, and Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Recently, ODT have started gaining popularity and acceptance as new drug delivery systems, because they are easy to administer and lead to better patient compliance especially in elderly and children. In order to allow fast dissolving tablets to dissolve in the mouth, they are made of either very porous and soft- moulded matrices or compressed into tablets with very low compression force, which makes the tablets friable and/or brittle, which are difficult to handle, often requiring specialized peel-off blister packaging. Along with the rapid market growth of ODT products, the technologies, too, have advanced considerably over the years. The newest generation of ODTs can produce more robust, versatile tablets that overcome some of the limitations of earlier ODTs. Companies such as Eurand can produce pleasant tasting tablets, overcoming the common problem of poor drug taste compromising the benefits of an ODT.

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 Keywords

Rapimelt Tablets, swallow, Mouth dissolving tablets, patient compliance, pleasant tasting tablets

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