Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

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This paper explores the complex representations of masculinity and the pervasive sense of disillusionment in the select plays of Ed Bullins, one of the foremost dramatists of the Black Arts Movement. Bullins's theatre exposes the fractured psyche of Black men in urban America who wrestle with alienation, poverty, and the weight of racial oppression. His plays, such as In the Wine Time (1968), The Fabulous Miss Marie (1971), and The Taking of Miss Janie (1975), reveal men struggling to define their identities amidst social decay and personal failure. The study argues that Bullins redefines Black masculinity not as a symbol of power or pride but as a site of vulnerability, conflict, and moral crisis. Ultimately, Bullins transforms disillusionment into a moral awakening that reimagines masculinity as the capacity for emotional honesty within a society fractured by race, class, and gender. ________________________________________________________________________

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Ed Bullins, Black Arts Movement, Masculinity, Disillusionment, African American Drama, Urban Realism.

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The present study aims to examine the level of awareness and usage of customers toward e-banking services, as well as evaluate the relationship between demographic variables and e-banking adoption. Primary data were collected from 150 respondents through a structured questionnaire distributed among customers of various commercial banks in Salem City. The study employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and SEM Model analysis to interpret the data. The findings reveal that awareness and usage of e-banking services are significantly influenced by demographic variables such as age, education, and income. The results of this study will help banks and policymakers develop targeted strategies to promote digital financial inclusion and improve the overall efficiency of e-banking services in Salem City.

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E-Banking, Customer Awareness, Usage Patterns, Digital Banking, Customer Satisfaction, Technology Adoption, Salem City.

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Amy Tan's Saving Fish from Drowning (2005) employs spectral narration as a mediating instrument of culture by use of ghostly voice of Bibi Chen, a late Chinese American art dealer who takes readers through the lapses of a group of tourists in Burma. Tan, through the spectral viewpoint of Bibi, integrates and criticizes Chinese American diasporic sensibilities, Burmese landscapes of culture and Western views of its Asian perception. This paper is based on spectral theory (Gordon, 1997), postcolonial theory (Bhabha, 1994), and diaspora theory (Brah, 1996; Gilroy, 1993) to explore how the liminal state that Bibi experiences between the world of life and death is reflected in cultural and existential displacement. Her unreliable and ironic narration shatters East-West binaries and shows us that the exchange between cultures is flowing. The essay compares Saving Fish from Drowning to other recent works like Kingston the Woman Warrior, Morrison Beloved, and Rushdie Midnight Children to claim that Tan is rebranding the Asian American literary genre through the ghost narrator as a tool of cultural translation and moral thought and protest against erasing the historical record of the Chinese.

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Saving Fish from Drowning, spectral narration, ghost narrator, cultural mediation, diaspora, postcolonial critique, transnational fiction, cultural memory

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Primary education is the foundation of human development, shaping a child's intellectual, emotional, and cultural identity. In Bengal, where the Bengali language is central to thought and communication, the quality of primary education in the mother tongue has immense importance. This paper explores the current state of Bengali education at the primary level, analyzing the key factors that influence learning outcomes such as curriculum design, teacher training, teaching methods, parental involvement, and the socio-economic environment. The study further examines government initiatives, the impact of modern technologies, and the challenges that continue to hinder progress. It concludes with a holistic discussion on how to strengthen Bengali primary education through inclusive, creative, and culturally grounded reforms that ensure both equity and excellence in early learning.

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Bengali education, primary level, teacher training, literacy, curriculum reform, NEP 2020, language learning.

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Evolution, ironic to its meaning, remains constant. It is a part of life, that leads to development. The world has witnessed numerous evolutions in every sphere from nature's creations of humans to artificial creations, made by evolving humans. One such significant evolution of a human made product which has created a buzz around the world is an autonomous vehicle. This article attempts to view the legal implications of autonomous vehicles in few of the other countries and suggest what could be adopted from them to draft laws to govern self-driven vehicles in India and combat the legal challenges.

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Fresh; Insightful; Practical; Thorough; Creative

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The Mediation Act, 2023 ("the Act") represents a landmark step in India's legal reform agenda, aiming to institutionalize mediation as a credible and enforceable mode of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It consolidates the fragmented legal framework on mediation, ensures the enforceability of Mediated Settlement Agreements (MSAs), and establishes the Mediation Council of India (MCI) as a regulatory and developmental authority. Globally, mediation is recognized for being cost-effective, confidential, and time-efficient. In India, however, mediation had remained underutilized due to the absence of statutory backing, limited public awareness, and deep-rooted cultural hierarchies that favor adjudicatory authority. By introducing a comprehensive framework, the Act enhances access to justice, reduces court pendency, and aligns India with international ADR trends. Yet, challenges persist; notably, the exclusion of provisions relating to the Singapore Convention on Mediation, unresolved questions regarding confidentiality exceptions, and limited clarity on mediator conduct and training. The Act's success ultimately depends on its ability to integrate legal, cultural, and institutional dimensions, thereby creating a robust ecosystem that balances party autonomy with the need for regulatory oversight.

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Mediation Act 2023; Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR); Access to Justice; Mediation Council of India (MCI); Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA); Court Pendency; Evaluative-Facilitative Hybrid Model; Legal Framework of Mediation in India; Cultural Context of Mediation; Singapore Convention on Mediation; Institutional Mediation; Conflict Resolution; Legal Reform; Party Autonomy; Confidentiality in Mediation; International Commercial Mediation; Dispute Resolution Mechanisms; Legal Literacy; Pre-

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An extremely uncommon and severe type of abdominal ectopic pregnancy is called hepatic pregnancy, in which the embryo implants and grows on the liver's surface or inside its parenchyma. With fewer than 100 cases documented in the literature globally, hepatic pregnancies make up a very small percentage of all abdominal pregnancies and represent one of the rarest implantation sites in ectopic gestation. Due to the condition's uncommon clinical appearance and rarity, early identification is extremely challenging, frequently leading to delayed recognition and treatment, which can have potentially fatal outcomes for the mother. Nonspecific symptoms such right upper quadrant stomach pain, shoulder tip pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or indications of internal bleeding--especially in situations of rupture--may be present in patients with hepatic pregnancy. These symptoms are frequently deceptive and do not immediately trigger suspicion of ectopic gestation, in contrast to tubal ectopic pregnancies. Furthermore, because of the liver's abundant arterial supply, hepatic pregnancies may progress farther into gestation than other ectopic kinds, raising the possibility of catastrophic hemorrhage. Imaging modalities have a major role in diagnosis. Hepatic implantation sites are frequently overlooked because of their location, even though transvaginal ultrasonography is still the first-line method for assessing suspected ectopic pregnancies. Doppler tests, abdominal ultrasonography, and particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are essential for pinpointing the precise location of implantation and assessing the degree of placental invasion into hepatic tissue. Hepatic pregnancy management is quite complicated and unique to each patient. Frequently, surgery is required, which may involve a laparotomy in which the gestational tissue is removed. Hepatic resection, hepatic vascular ligation, or preoperative embolization may be necessary in some circumstances to stop bleeding. In certain situations, either as a supplement to surgery or in situations where surgery has significant dangers, the chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate has been used to cause trophoblastic regression. However, a multidisciplinary team of obstetricians, general surgeons, hepatobiliary specialists, and interventional radiologists must carefully arrange treatment techniques. Hepatic pregnancy still carries a high risk of maternal morbidity and death, even with improvements in surgical and diagnostic imaging methods. Improving results requires prompt diagnosis, careful preoperative planning, and all-encompassing supportive care.

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Hepatic Pregnancy, Ectopic Pregnancy, Abdominal Pregnancy, Primary Hepatic Ectopic Pregnancy, Liver Implantation, Maternal Morbidity, Hemorrhage, Ultrasound

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This research article aims to analyze the life, political philosophy, and public service perspective of Yeddula Eswara Reddy, a distinguished figure in the political history of Andhra Pradesh. Representing the Kadapa constituency of Kadapa district, he actively participated in the state's developmental programs. The study examines his contributions toward equality, social justice, and the preservation of democratic values through his political journey. His close connection with the people, commitment to rural development, and dedication to party principles established him as an ideal public leader. The article seeks to explore the influence of his political legacy on regional politics, the values of democratic leadership, and the inspiration he provided for contemporary political thought.

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Yeddula Eswara Reddy, Communist, Leadership, Governance, Democratic

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सोयाबीन हे एक महत्त्वाचे व्यावसायिक तेलबिया पीक आहे. अधिक पौष्टिकता, कमी कालावधीत पीक घेण्याची सापी पद्धत व बाजारात मिळणारा चांगला भाव व जमीन व हवामानाची अनुकुलता यामुळे अभ्यास क्षेत्रात शेतकरी सोयाबीन पीक तालुक्या-निहाय घेत आहेत. म्हणून प्रस्तुत शोध निबंधात जिल्ह्यातील सन २०२०-२१ ते २०२३-२४ या काळात तालुका-निहाय सोयाबीन पिकाखालील क्षेत्र व उत्पादनाचा आढावा घेऊन या पिकाखालील क्षेत्र व उत्पादनात झालेला बदल यांचा अभ्यास करण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे.

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कृषी, क्षेत्र, सोयाबीन पिक, उत्पादन, बदल.

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