Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This study aims to examine the reading strategies adopted by English as a Second Language (ESL) learner during three stages of the reading process -- pre-reading, while reading, and post reading. Specifically, the study aims to identify differences in the use of these strategies between high and low achievers. In this study, a total of 50 Higher secondary level ESL learners from a Grant-in-Aid school in Gujarat, India responded to questionnaires adapted from the Strategy of Reading Skills (SORS). The findings of the study indicate that high achievers tend to use metacognitive reading strategies more, while low achievers lean more towards bottom-up strategies. These findings suggest that encouraging the use of appropriate and effective reading strategies is essential to improve reading comprehension and academic performance. In addition, the study provides useful guidelines for teachers to help them develop different types of reading activities for high and low achievers.

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 Keywords

Reading Skill, Receptive Skills, Reading Strategies, Bottom-Up, Top-Down, Metacognitive Strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Diasporic literature reflects the complex lives of people and communities caught between cultures. A key aspect of this literature is cultural exchange, where characters, stories, and languages interact across their homelands and host countries. Diasporic novels frequently dive into themes of identity, memory, gender, race, and everyday cultural practices, showcasing both the struggles and opportunities that arise from these cultural encounters. This paper explores cultural exchange in selected diasporic novels, including Jhumpa Lahiri's The Namesake, Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, Bharati Mukherjee's Jasmine, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah. It uses theories from Stuart Hall, Homi Bhabha, Avtar Brah, and Edward Said to analyze how these texts depict hybridity, nostalgia, and identity negotiation. The study argues that diasporic literature not only chronicles migrant experiences but also examines the dynamic processes of cultural interaction, contributing to broader discussions on globalization, transnationalism, and belonging.

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Key Words: Diaspora, migrants, globalization, transnationalism

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The Donabedian Model of healthcare quality, comprising the triad of Structure, Process, and Outcome, offers a systematic and enduring framework for evaluating and improving healthcare delivery. When applied to Occupational Health Services (OHS), it provides a structured means to assess the effectiveness of workplace health systems in promoting worker safety, preventing disease, and ensuring well-being. This paper explores the adaptation of Donabedian's framework to occupational health auditing, emphasizing its relevance for industrial and organizational health management. The structure component assesses the adequacy of resources, policies, and organizational arrangements that form the foundation of occupational health systems. The process dimension evaluates the implementation of preventive and curative actions--such as health surveillance, risk assessment, and safety training--ensuring that standards and regulatory obligations are met. The outcome component focuses on measurable results, including reductions in occupational injuries, disease incidence, absenteeism, and improvements in worker satisfaction and productivity. The article further examines the advantages of using this model, its comprehensiveness, simplicity, and compatibility with modern management systems like ISO 45001 while also recognizing limitations such as attribution bias and static design. Despite these challenges, the Donabedian Model remains an invaluable tool for promoting quality assurance, continuous improvement, and ethical responsibility within occupational health. Its integration into health audits encourages organizations to go beyond compliance toward a culture of care, accountability, and sustained worker well-being.

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 Keywords

Donabedian Model, Occupational Health, Health Audit, Quality Assessment, Workplace Safety

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the influence of media framing on public support for international conflicts, emphasizing the roles of framing techniques, digital amplification, and government-controlled media. Using qualitative secondary data from 2019-2025, key themes were identified, including episodic versus thematic framing, nation-focused versus leader-focused narratives, and algorithmic and visual influences. Comparative analyses reveal that regional and ideological contexts shape divergent public perceptions. Findings highlight the importance of media literacy, diversified media consumption, and critical engagement to navigate biased narratives. Recommendations include cross-regional research, monitoring digital platforms, policy awareness, and longitudinal studies to better understand framing's sustained impact on public opinion.

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: Media Framing, Public Support for War, Digital Media, Government-Controlled Media, Comparative Media Analy

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The project presents a web-based application for the early prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using both facial images and behavioral questionnaire data.The proposed system provides a fast, accessible screening tool by leveraging multimodal inputs. Facial images are analyzed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to detect autism-related facial patterns, while behavioral responses are processed using classical machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, SVM, and XGBoost. The application, built with Flask and Streamlit, allows users to upload images or enter questionnaire responses for real-time predictions, providing risk classification along with confidence scores. By integrating image-based and data-based predictions, the system enhances the accuracy and reliability of autism risk screening, supporting early awareness for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. The model is trained on publicly available ASD datasets containing facial images and behavioral attributes, ensuring both diversity and robustness in prediction. Data preprocessing techniques such as normalization, augmentation, and feature scaling are applied to improve generalization and model performance. The platform's user-friendly interface ensures accessibility for non-technical users, making it suitable for preliminary home-based assessments. Moreover, the modular design of the system allows for easy updates and integration of additional data sources, including speech or text-based behavioral cues, in future versions.

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 Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Early Detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Machine Learning, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, Multimodal Data, Facial Image Analysis, Behavioral Questionnaire, Flask, Streamlit, Web-based Application, Data Preprocessing, Feature Scaling, Image Augmentation, Real-time Prediction, Risk Classification, Healthcare Technology, Assistive Screening Tool.

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Painting, sculpture, and various other art forms have existed in Tamil Nadu for many centuries. After the establishment of British rule, specialized art schools were founded in several parts of India to provide formal training in the arts. Among them, the Madras School of Arts played a particularly significant role -- it was, in fact, the first art school in India. The British who ruled Chennai established this school both to meet their own needs and because they were deeply impressed by Tamil Nadu's traditional arts. They engaged local students to produce various artworks, which were used by the British themselves and also exported to many other countries. Many of the artworks created in this school are still displayed in renowned museums around the world today. Seeing these works reveals that Tamil Nadu was home to many exceptional artists, skilled in diverse forms of art. Furthermore, the British introduced their own artistic practices and techniques into this school's curriculum. This study examines the circumstances and developments that arose from the curriculum implemented between 1850 and 1950, during which these cross-cultural exchanges and artistic transformations took place

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Keywords: Madras School of Arts, Syllabus, Photography, Arts and Crafts, Alexander Hunter, Fine Art

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a growing public health concern in India that requires consistent and multifaceted self-care practices influenced by various demographic and psychosocial factors to prevent the complications. Aim: To assess the self-care practices and identify the influencing factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: 1) To assess the self-care practices on management of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.2) To assess the influencing factors on management of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3) To find out the relationship between self-care practices and influencing factors on management of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 4) To find out the association between selected demographic variables on management of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their self-care practices. 5) To find out the association between selected demographic variables on management of diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their influencing factors. Materials and methods: This descriptive study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the outpatient department of a hospital at Kanyakumari District. Participants were selected through convenient sampling technique. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire that included demographic and clinical variables, a 20-item self-care practice scale for self -care practices (5-point Likert), and a 40-item checklist on influencing factors on management of diabetes mellitus. Findings: Among the participants, 45% demonstrated good self-care practices, 38% had average adherence, and 17% reported poor self-care practices on management of diabetes mellitus. Regarding influencing factors 70% of participants reported highly favourable influencing factors for self-care and 30% exhibited highly unfavourable factors on management of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the need for targeted educational interventions, social support systems, and tailored diabetes management programs to enhance self-care behaviors and glycaemic outcomes.

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patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, self-care practices, influencing factors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Numerous technologies and platforms, including AI, which enhance teaching and learning pedagogy, abound. However, their effective adoption and implementation in developing African countries such as Nigeria depend on teachers' sufficient technological skills and competency, particularly in the use of AI tools. This study set out to investigate the technological skills and competencies of higher education teachers and their implications for pedagogical innovation. To realize this objective, the study adopted a scoping literature review strategy, using a systematic keyword-based search of databases, specifically Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve 163 recent studies on this subject from diverse literature. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the study. Accordingly, the selected literature was coded and analyzed in line with the study's conceptual framework. Overall, it was found that technology skills, competency, and knowledge of the appropriate AI tool required to effect pedagogical transformation by teachers are insufficient.

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 Keywords

Pedagogy, literacy, Artificial intelligence, expert system, transformation, teacher

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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National Education Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review explores the current scientific advancements and future potential of 3D bioprinting in the pharmaceutical sector. Conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, this review draws data from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords such as 3D bioprinting, drug development, personalized medicine, pharmaceutical applications, and drug testing. The paper highlights the diverse roles of bioprinting in pharmaceuticals, with a particular emphasis on drug discovery, personalized medicine, and most notably, drug screening and testing. Recent technological advancements have enabled the creation of patient-specific drug testing platforms and targeted delivery systems. Notably, bioprinting allows the precise placement of cells and biomaterials to develop miniaturized organ models (organoids) and Organ-on-a-Chip systems, which may reduce reliance on animal testing. This approach enhances prediction accuracy in early-stage drug trials and accelerates the path to market. Despite its transformative promise, 3D bioprinting still faces critical challenges, including issues related to vascularization, material limitations, standardization, and scalability. Nonetheless, the technology continues to evolve, with significant implications for tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine. This review provides an overview of current applications, critical limitations, and future prospects of 3D bioprinting in pharmaceutical research and development.

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 Keywords

Keywords: 3D bioprinting, PRISMA guidelines, Organ-on-a-Chip systems, Engineering.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition