Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted among Undergraduate Engineering Students MDIT Engineering College, Kozhikode, to assess the knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer. The main objectives of the study were: o Determine the pre-test knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Adolescent girls in selected Engineering College in Kozhikode District o Determine the post-test knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Adolescent girls at selected Engineering College in Kozhikode District o Determine the effect of planned health education on knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Students in selected Engineering College in Kozhikode o Identify the association between knowledge and selected Socio demographic variables. The present study was based on the conceptual framework - General systems theory (Ludwig Von Bertalanffy) and using Quasi experimental approach with One group pre-test post-test design. All the subject are given a pre-test, receive the treatment and are given a post test. The sample consists of 60 Undergraduate Engineering Adolescent girls, selected from MDIT Engineering College Kozhikode using convenient sampling method. The tool used was Semi-Planned interview schedule to collect demographic data, semi Planned interview schedule to assess the knowledge of the Engineering Adolescent girls on Cervical Cancer. Content validity of the tool was done with the help of experts from the respective field. Reliability of the tool was checked with inter-rater reliability and Cronbach's alpha method. The questionnaire was administered to 3 primary care givers of children with colostomy for checking the reliability of the tool. The reliability coefficient was found to be 0.87 and hence the tool is found to be statistically reliable. A pilot study was conducted. The pilot study revealed that the tools used in the study were simple, clear and unambiguous and data were found amenable to statistical analysis. Actual study was conducted at MDIT Engineering College, Kozhikode. The data were tabulated and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score is significantly higher than mean pre-test knowledge score. Hence it is evident that after providing the planned teaching Programme there was a significant improvement in the level of knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer. Based on the above results the study was effective in Undergraduate Engineering Adolescent girls.

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 Keywords

Cervical Cancer, Knowledge, Adolescent Girls, Planned Teaching Programme, Nursing Education

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This research paper examines the concept of "Place of Suing" under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), a foundational framework for civil litigation in India. It explores how the CPC ensures fairness, efficiency, and accessibility in resolving civil disputes by determining the appropriate court based on jurisdiction and venue. The paper begins with an introduction to the CPC's role in handling non-criminal matters such as property disputes, contract breaches, and family issues. It outlines the hierarchy of Indian courts, from subordinate courts to the Supreme Court, and delineates various types of jurisdiction, including subject-matter, pecuniary, territorial, original, appellate, and exclusive. Key provisions under Sections 15 to 21 are analyzed, covering suits related to immovable and movable property, compensation for wrongs, and general cases, emphasizing rules for filing based on defendant residence, cause of action, or property location. The importance of these provisions is highlighted in preventing harassment, ensuring proper authority, reducing court burdens, and promoting natural justice. Challenges such as multiple defendants, online transactions, and forum shopping are discussed. In conclusion, the paper underscores the enduring relevance of place of suing in maintaining a balanced justice system amid evolving complexities in business and technology.

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Civil Procedure Code 1908, Place of Suing, Jurisdiction, Territorial Jurisdiction, Immovable Property, Cause of Action, Court Hierarchy, Pecuniary Jurisdiction, Civil Litigation, India Legal System.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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PLEADING

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The blistering evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has already reshaped the history of surveillance with the unparalleled opportunities in data analysis, pattern recognition, and foresight surveillance. The use of AI-based systems is growing among governments and security agencies to ensure national security, prevent terrorism, and order in the streets. Nonetheless, widespread AI application in surveillance creates important issues regarding the personal privacy of individuals, data security, and the possibility of personal data abuse. Finding the balance between the requirements of national security and the maintenance of the fundamental rights has thus become an acute legal and ethical problem. The research paper analyzes how AI plays a twofold role in improving security and at the same time being a threat to civil liberties. It examines the dangers of mass data gathering, the constitutional and human rights consequences of the surveillance, and regulatory methods that aim to introduce accountability, transparency, and reasonableness in AI technologies use. The discussion highlights the necessity to have a strong legal framework and ethical considerations to help the successful application of AI in surveillance without compromising the democratic ideals of privacy and personal freedom.

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 Keywords

AI, Surveillance, National security, Data Protection, Privacy rights, Human Rights, Ethical issues, Legal Frameworks, Accountability, and Transparency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Craniofacial bone defects from trauma, congenital anomalies, tumors, or infections present significant reconstructive challenges due to their complex anatomy and functional-cosmetic importance. Conventional grafting techniques autografts, allografts, and xenografts are limited by donor site morbidity, immune rejection, and poor integration. Stem cell-based regenerative strategies, particularly involving mesenchymal stem cells (from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental sources), offer promising alternatives by enabling osteogenic differentiation, paracrine signaling, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Integration with biomaterials and scaffolds, including hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, natural polymers, and advanced 3D-printed or growth factor-loaded scaffolds, enhances structural support and tissue regeneration. Emerging technologies such as gene-edited stem cells, organoids, stem cell-derived exosomes, and AI-guided scaffold design enable patient-specific, biologically integrated therapies that improve functional outcomes, accelerate healing, and reduce morbidity. Stem cell-mediated craniofacial regeneration thus holds transformative potential for restoring anatomy, function, and psychosocial well-being in patients with complex craniofacial defects.

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Craniofacial regeneration, Stem cells, Bone tissue engineering, Scaffold integration, 3D bioprinting

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive innovation in physiotherapy, offering advanced capabilities in diagnostic accuracy, movement analysis, personalized rehabilitation planning, and remote patient monitoring through modalities such as machine learning, robotics, and tele-rehabilitation platforms. Its integration into physiotherapy promises to augment clinical decision-making, increase service accessibility, and support data-driven patient care. However, this review identifies and critically analyzes a spectrum of limitations that challenge the ethical, clinical, and practical viability of widespread AI adoption in physiotherapy settings. Key concerns include limited digital literacy and formal training among physiotherapists, inadequate organizational readiness, algorithmic bias stemming from non-representative datasets, and the absence of legal and regulatory clarity regarding accountability in AI-driven clinical decisions. Additionally, over-reliance on automation threatens the preservation of core professional values such as hands-on skill, therapeutic empathy, and individualized patient engagement.

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Artificial intelligence, Physiotherapy, Machine learning, Tele-rehabilitation, Clinical ethics, Rehabilitation technology, Digital health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The procedural requirements for parties appearance in civil action and the repercussions of their nonattendance are outlined in Order IX of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC). The laws governing attendance, the consequences of non-attendance and the possible remedies such as suit restoration and ex-parte decision annulment--are all examined in this research. The study highlights the need to strike a balance between following the law and pursuing justice, drawing on court interpretations. It comes to the conclusion that Order IX promotes justice in the legal system by guaranteeing equitable proceedings and prohibiting procedural abuse.

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1) Order IX CPC 2) Party Appearance 3) Non-Attendance 4) Ex-Parte Decree 5) Suit Restoration 6) Summons Service 7) Sufficient Cause 8) Civil Litigation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Facts and Reality

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Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 Facts and Reality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Diabetic foot , Complication, Effectiveness, Structure teaching program, Prevention, Teachers.

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