Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Background: Gridhrasi (Sciatica) is a prevalent condition marked by pain, numbness, and functional limitation along the sciatic nerve, impacting daily activities. Ayurveda offers targeted therapies such as Agnikarma (therapeutic cauterization) and Siravyadhana (therapeutic venesection), often combined with oral formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu. Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka versus Siravyadhana, both alongside Trayodashanga Guggulu, in the management of Gridhrasi. Methods: In this randomized comparative clinical trial, 48 patients diagnosed with Gridhrasi were equally allocated into two groups. Group A received Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka plus Trayodashanga Guggulu, while Group B received Siravyadhana with Trayodashanga Guggulu. Treatment outcomes were assessed using subjective parameters (Ruk, Sthamba, Toda, Gaurava) and objective parameters (SLR) at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in pain relief, functional mobility, and overall patient satisfaction. Group A exhibited slightly faster onset of relief and slight reduction in pain scores and disability indices compared to Group B, indicating a superior therapeutic effect of Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka. No major adverse effects were reported in either group. Conclusion: Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka, when combined with Trayodashanga Guggulu, is a safe, effective, and superior intervention for alleviating pain and improving function in patients with Gridhrasi. This study supports the targeted use of Agnikarma as a first-line procedural therapy in the Ayurvedic management of sciatica.

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Gridhrasi, Sciatica, Agnikarma, Siravyadhana, Trayodashanga Guggulu, Randomized Clinical Trial

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Microplastics, Lower Lake, water quality and Fishes

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?????? ????????? ?? ??????? 15??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? '?????? ??????' ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????, ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? '??? ?????' ???????? ?? ??????-?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???-??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????, ??????? ?????, ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ,???? ????,????????? ????, ??? ???? ,?????? ?? ??????,????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ?? ?????--??? ????????, ????? ????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???--?? ???????, ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????-????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????????,?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????- ????-???????, ????????, ?? ??????, ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?

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This paper explores the representation of subaltern identities, cultural narratives, and systemic oppression in Narayan's Kocharethi: The Araya Woman, the first tribal novel in Malayalam literature. Through a postcolonial and Dalit literary lens, the study examines how the novel articulates the lived realities of the Malayarayar tribe, particularly through the life of the protagonist Kunjipennu. Drawing upon theoretical insights from Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, and Jyotirao Phule, this paper investigates how Kocharethi functions as both a personal and collective narrative of resistance. By addressing land dispossession, gendered oppression, and cultural erasure, the novel provides a platform for indigenous voices long silenced in mainstream discourse. The paper concludes that Narayan's work is a seminal contribution to postcolonial and Dalit aesthetics, challenging dominant histories and asserting the agency of marginalized communities.

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Marginalization, Subaltern Studies, Dalit Literature, Tribal Identity, Postcolonial Theory, Gender, Land Dispossession, Kocharethi

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This article investigates how Amitav Ghosh's *The Great Derangement* critiques the entangled legacies of colonialism and climate change. Situating the text within eco-critical and postcolonial frameworks, the study explores how Ghosh challenges the literary and cultural silence surrounding the Anthropocene. The paper argues that Ghosh critiques not only the failures of modern politics and literature to engage with ecological crisis, but also exposes how colonial systems of extraction and epistemology have shaped contemporary environmental degradation. Through his call for imaginative courage and narrative rethinking, Ghosh envisions a form of literary engagement that reclaims silenced ecological histories and advocates for a decolonial environmental ethics.

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Keywords: eco-criticism, postcolonialism, climate change, Anthropocene, Amitav Ghosh

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Pain management is a pressing problem that requires intricate mechanisms to be resolved. For localized acute pain, drugs must be administered quickly and precisely with little blood circulation diffusion, however for chronic pain, drugs must be released gradually with a lengthy half-life. A promising method with excellent patient compliance, the transdermal route was renowned for its painless delivery, lengthy drug retention period, steady blood concentration, easily adjustable dosage and release rate, and reduced side effects. This review explains the many analgesic mechanisms, dose forms, transdermal improvements, and clinical uses of transdermal pain treatment in accordance with the various sites of action that drugs seek to target. Here, we review progress and challenges in developing transdermal patches for sustained pain relief.

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Pain management; Transdermal drug delivery; Analgesics; Sustained release; Chronic pain; Acute pain; Transdermal patches; Controlled drug release; Patient compliance; Targeted drug delivery; Pharmacokinetics; Clinical applications.

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Abstract Disaster management in school education is not only about safety training but also about developing responsible, emotionally strong, and aware citizens. The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) provides deep wisdom about maintaining balance between humans and nature, community cooperation, and self-discipline during crises. Ancient Indian texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Ayurveda, and Kautilya's Arthashastra contain valuable lessons on disaster prevention, leadership, and health management. This paper studies how the integration of IKS with modern disaster education can make learning more meaningful and holistic. A small survey conducted among students and teachers shows that while most schools teach modern safety drills, very few include traditional Indian wisdom. The findings suggest that using IKS elements--such as stories, ethical teachings, and traditional practices--can strengthen students' mental stability, cooperation, and social responsibility. By combining modern techniques with ancient Indian values, schools can prepare students not just to survive disasters but to act with courage, discipline, and compassion. Such education supports sustainable living, community harmony, and environmental care. Therefore, integrating the Indian Knowledge System into school disaster education is essential to build a new generation of self-reliant, empathetic, and environmentally responsible citizens. Disaster Management, Indian Knowledge System, School Education, Life Skills, Ethics, Sustainability

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Disaster Management, Indian Knowledge System, School Education, Life Skills, Ethics, Sustainability

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The changing family structure and the evolving social trends with a breakdown in the traditional support system has created a gap for fulfilling the physical , psychological and social needs of the child stressing the need for an alternative support system to meet the needs of the child. Counselling in schools is definitely the bridge that might fill this gap. The area of school counselling in India is very young and needs to spread and establish itself. The present paper seeks to review an emerging area of counselling in schools in India. The objectives of the paper are, to stress the need for counselling in schools in India, to trace the history of school counselling in India, to scrutinize the current position of counselling in the Indian schools, to analyse the norms to be laid down for the practice of counselling in the schools in India. The method adopted is a review of literature.

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School counselling, career guidance, psychosocial problems.

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Abstract This study explores the concept of epistemic reality in the philosophy of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, with a special focus on his reconstruction of Islamic thought and his synthesis of reason, intuition and revelation as sources of knowledge. Iqbal's concept of reality is not a static, but a dynamic, living process that reveals itself through human experience and self-realization. For Iqbal, knowledge arises from both empirical aspect with the phenomenal world and the transcendental illumination of the self through Divine consciousness. In this paper, I will try to explain how Iqbal reconciles the empirical and spiritual forms of knowledge. According to him, ultimate reality cannot be apprehended through rational inquiry; rather, it is realized through the profound experiential union of the human ego (Khudi). Thus, Iqbal criticizes Western epistemology, especially the separation of subject and object and emphasizes the Quranic view of knowledge. The study concludes that Iqbal's concept of epistemic reality transcends both materialist empiricism and abstract idealism, proposing instead an integrative model in which knowing is an act of becoming which an evolutionary movement of the self toward Divine Reality.

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Keywords: Epistemology, Knowledge, Khudi, Ultimate Reality, Empirical and Transcendental

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In this paper, we introduce a soft ???s - homeomorphism in soft ideal topological spaces. Furthermore, we introduce to Enlighten and Edification of some properties, theorems and examples, which is the of the concept of soft mappings in soft ideal topological spaces.

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Soft set, soft ideal topological space, Soft ???s -Closed set, Soft continuous, Soft ???s -continuous, Soft homeomorphism, Soft ???s - homeomorphism.

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