Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This study on "Price Sensitivity and Brand Loyalty in the Purchase of Ghee and Butter" looks at how people react to changes in price and brand features when buying these dairy products. A survey of 57 people from various age and income groups was done using a Google Form. The results show that price influences buying decisions, but many consumers remain loyal to well-known cooperative brands like Amul and Mother Dairy due to their quality and purity. People with higher incomes are less affected by price changes, while those who are more price-sensitive tend to switch brands or buy smaller packs when prices rise. The study shows that good quality, fair pricing, and a strong brand image help companies keep customers loyal in the dairy market.

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 Keywords

Price Sensitivity, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Behavior, Ghee, Butter, Dairy Marketing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sharad Ritu (autumn season) is characterized by an increase in environmental heat, dryness, and reduced humidity after the heavy rainfall of Varsha Ritu. These changes aggravate Pitta Dosha, especially in Rakta Dhatu, leading to disorders like hyperacidity, urticaria, skin eruptions, and hypertension. Ayurveda recommends Shodhana therapies such as Virechana and Raktamokshana during this period to purify Pitta and Rakta, thereby preventing seasonal and psychosomatic diseases. This review explores the rationale, environmental and psychosocial context, Ayurvedic pathology (Samprapti), and modern relevance of different Shodhana modalities and Swasthya Paricharya during Sharad Ritu.

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 Keywords

Shodhana Chikitsa, Shrad Ritu, Ritu Paricharya, Swasthya Paricharya, Seasonal Detoxification, Panchakarma, Virechana Karma, Pitta Prakopa, Dosha Shamana, Ritucharya according to Ayurveda

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Fungal infections pose a significant global health threat, particularly among immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, and those with HIV/ m, AIDS. Despite advancements, current antifungal therapies face challenges including poor solubility, limited bioavailability, side effects, and rising drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation parameters used in assessing antifungal formulation, focusing on their physicochemical, microbiological, and in vivo characteristics. Key quality control parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheology, and drug content uniformity are discussed alongside advance analytical technique like HPLC, FTIR, DSC, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Microbiological assays including zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time kill studies are also examined, along with in vitro drug release testing using Franz Diffusion, Dialysis, and Dissolution methods. In vivo evaluations such as skin irritation and therapeutic efficacy tests further ensure safety and performance. Emerging technologies such as nanoparticle, liposomal, and hydrogel based delivery system are explored for improving drug stability, targeting, and patient compliance. The review emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluation in developing effective, safe, and stable antifungal formulations, highlighting future perspectives involving AI-driven formulation design and eco-friendly materials.

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 Keywords

Fungal infection, antifungal medication, stability studies, drug delivery system, physicochemical evaluation, chemical analysis, liposomes, nanoparticles, in vitro and in vivo testing microbiological evaluation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"It's a man's world"- a phrase even if problematic from the beginning, has a seed of truth to it. In the realm of achievements and discoveries mostly the result of man, do the accomplishments of women receive equal celebration oftentimes? The massive accolades received by man, the books not only of his accomplishments but of his existence, outweigh the scale by an exponentially larger number than those by women. The paper seeks to bring to the foreground a couple of such women, borrowing from the premise of Virginia Woolf's monumental text 'A Room of One's Own', in which she talks about the differentiation of the sexes. Judith, the hypothetical sister of Shakespeare, she imagines as equally capable and aspiring, but raising the question of whether she might've survived the patriarchal system of society. Would she've been just as famous as her brother? Woolf seriously doubts it herself. This observation can be extended to the Indian artistic world. The subcontinent celebrates renowned male artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and Abanindranath Tagore, names so prominent that even those distantly familiar with art history cannot escape their presence. They are rightly credited with shaping Indian art and making history in ways that would have been vastly different without them. Yet, what about their sisters? Does anyone even faintly remember their names, their artistic practices, or whether they were allowed the same creative pursuits at all? Unlike Judith, they were not fiction, but reality, real women whose existence and contributions were ignored and erased over the years.

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Indian women artists, Indian art history, feminist critique

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The Karbi tribe of Northeast India represents a unique socio-cultural system rooted in an intricate clan and sub-clan organization. These paper explores the structural composition, social function, and cultural implications of the Karbi clan and sub-clan system, specifically within the institution of marriage , governance, and traditional beliefs. It attempts to explore the enduring relevance of these indigenous institutions in maintaining identity and social cohesion amid modern influences.

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Karbi, tribe, clan system, sub-clan, Kur, kur-so, exogamy, Northeast India, indigenous ,etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) has transformed many sectors transparently, including pharmaceuticals where it can provide a precise method for producing complex and patient-specific dosage forms. This has great promise in personalized medicine, drug delivery tailoring, and improving patient adherence. Of all 3D printing technology, for example FDM, SLA and SLS etc., each of which has its own strengths and limitations, they have gained popularity in pharmaceutical research due to their utilization benefits. FDM is particularly accessible and affordable, while SLA if known for its.and SLS are capable of complex geometries with no additional supporting structures. Materials science has developed rapidly and is still developing, particularly in terms of biocompatible polymers, nanocomposite materials, as well as biodegradable materials, thus broadening the application field of 3D printing to drug formulation and implant design [1]. However, there are processes of optimization to be followed, ways to adhere in the regulations and materials and methods routines. Both academia and regulatory agencies need to work together to create a set of safety guidelines and guidelines capable of effectively integrate this new technology in the conventional production of pharmaceuticals. Overall, 3D printing holds significant promise to transform patient-centred treatment, promote customized therapies, and advance the future of pharmaceutical innovation.

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3D printing, additive manufacturing, personalized medicine, drug delivery, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), pharmaceutical dosage forms, regulatory challenges, patient compliance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pantoprazole, Levosulpiride, Method Validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The jurisprudence surrounding ex parte decrees in Indian civil law reveals a complex interplay between judicial efficiency and procedural fairness. Ex parte decrees pronounced in the absence of a defendant who, despite sufficient service of summons, fails to appear--serve a pivotal function by enabling courts to avoid unnecessary delays and ensure timely justice. However, this power is far from absolute; it exists as a necessary exception to the overarching principle that every litigant must be provided an opportunity to be heard. The grant of ex parte relief, though generally valid and enforceable as any other decree, presents fundamental questions about compliance with the principles of natural justice--particularly the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem) and freedom from bias (nemo judex in causa sua). While expedient decision-making prevents miscarriage of justice in urgent cases or where one party adopts delaying tactics, there remains an intrinsic risk of arbitrary adjudication or denial of justice for the absent party. Recognizing this, the CPC has embedded procedural safeguards, such as mandatory proof of adequate notice, judicial scrutiny at the time of granting ex parte decrees, and avenues for challenging or setting aside such decrees on limited but substantive grounds (improper service or sufficient cause for non-appearance). Contemporary judicial practice has also evolved robust remedial frameworks, empowering defendants to contest ex parte decrees through applications under Order IX Rule 13 and appellate mechanisms, thereby reconciling the flexibility of the ex parte process with the requirement of fairness and transparency. The Indian judiciary, through landmark judgments, continually reiterates that while ex parte decrees address judicial urgency, their use must remain exceptional, proportionate, and always subject to review to prevent their misuse or abuse as tools of harassment or unfair advantage. This research explores the statutory, doctrinal, and comparative dynamics of ex parte decrees, critically examining procedural safeguards, judicial trends, and leading case law to illuminate best practices for balancing judicial efficiency with the indispensable imperatives of natural justice.

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Ex Parte Decree, Natural Justice, Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), Audi Alteram Partem, Nemo Judex in Causa Sua, Order IX Rule 6, Setting Aside Ex Parte Decree, Judicial Efficiency, Procedural Safeguards, Fair Hearing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The complexity and frequent updates of Indian tax regulations often create challenges for young professionals in managing accurate and timely tax compliance[4]. This research presents AI-Tax Advisor, an intelligent web-based system designed to simplify tax computation and planning. Unlike prior studies that explore AI in taxation primarily from a theoretical standpoint[1][2][3], this work demonstrates a fully functional implementation that integrates rule-based reasoning, machine learning models, and human-in-the-loop validation within a Flask framework. The system automatically parses Form 16 documents, computes tax liabilities, and generates detailed PDF reports through an intuitive interface. Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves over 90% accuracy in data extraction while reducing computation time by nearly 60% compared to manual methods. Furthermore, the advisor offers personalized insights, enabling users to achieve an average 12-15% annual tax savings. This research highlights the practical potential of AI in modernizing and democratizing personal tax management in India.

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Indian Income Tax System, Web based - AI Tax Advisor, Rule Based Logic, Personalised Tax Report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian judiciary is undergoing a transformative phase through the e-Courts Mission Mode Project, initiated under the National e-Governance Plan. The project, executed by the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India, aims to digitalize and streamline court operations across all judicial levels. As of 2025, the Phase III e-Courts rollout, approved with a budgetary outlay of INR7,210 crore, introduces artificial intelligence (AI), full digitization of records, cloud infrastructure, and inclusive legal access through e-Sewa Kendra. This research examines the project's evolution, challenges, benefits, potential future risks, and policy implications for ensuring digital justice that is both inclusive and sustainable.

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e-Filing, e-Courts, Access to Justice, Judiciary, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Inclusion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition