Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Voice-based interfaces powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) represent a transformative shift in human-computer interaction. As of 2025, over 8.4 billion voice-enabled devices are actively used worldwide, reflecting the widespread adoption of this technology. This paper explores recent innovations in voice user interfaces, including transformer-based models, multimodal architectures, emotion detection systems, and privacy-preserving on-device processing. We examine the evolution from traditional command-based systems to conversational AI agents capable of understanding context, detecting emotions, and responding with human-like naturalness. The research highlights key applications in healthcare, customer service, and accessibility, while addressing critical challenges in accuracy, privacy, and cross-cultural adaptation. Through analysis of current literature and emerging trends, this study demonstrates how voice interfaces are reshaping digital interaction paradigms and proposes future directions for research in emotionally intelligent, privacy-focused, and context-aware voice systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice User Interfaces, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Speech Recognition, Transformer Models, Multimodal AI, Emotion Detection, Privacy-Preserving Computing, Conversational AI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

:Lung conditions including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have long been treated with pressurized metered dosage inhalers, or MDIs. In order to atomize medication and excipient droplets that should ideally deposit in the lungs, MDIs rely on the propellant, which makes up the majority of the MDI formulation. Along with a better understanding of the effects of formulation variables on product performance, many advancements were made in the methods of formulating for MDI drug delivery during the phase-out of chlorofluorocarbon propellants and the introduction of more ecologically friendly hydrofluoroalkane propellants. Taking into account the physicochemical characteristics of different excipients and how their addition may affect the MDI's overall product performance, this paper surveys the difficulties involved in creating MDIs as solution or suspension products containing one or more medications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

pMDI ,History, Uses, Parts of pMDI ,Advantages and Disadvantages.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research presents the design and development of an integrated framework that connects AI-based personal assistants with Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems to enable smart living. The system is designed to enhance user convenience, automation, and energy efficiency in daily life. The paper explains each stage of development, including requirement analysis, system design, module integration, and implementation. The proposed model allows AI personal assistants to communicate with IoT-enabled devices such as smart lights, thermostats, security systems, and appliances using voice or contextual commands. The integration ensures seamless data exchange, intelligent decision-making, and adaptive learning to create a connected, personalized living environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Personal Assistant, Internet of Things, Smart Living, Automation, Connectivity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The successful implementation of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is vital for lifelong learning and holistic development. Guided by NEP 2020, this study examines the practices and challenges of pre-primary education in Prayagraj through a descriptive design using a checklist-based survey of 50 teachers and 50 parents from 25 institutions. Data were categorized into Outdoor and Indoor Facilities covering indicators like playgrounds, toilets, drinking water, medical rooms, teaching methods, and digital tools. Results show that while basic facilities such as toilets and drinking water exist, gaps remain in shaded play areas, medical infrastructure, and fencing. Indoor environments have adequate lighting but lack digital aids, rest spaces, and ECCE-aligned curricula. Parents largely validated teacher findings yet showed low awareness of NEP 2020 and minimal participation. Major challenges include inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, limited training, and large class sizes. However, good practices like creative teaching aids and community involvement were observed. The study urges capacity-building, district-level policy execution, and parental awareness programs to bridge the gap between NEP 2020 goals and ground realities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pre-Primary Education, Early childhood care and education (ECCE)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO? NPs) are extensively used in nanotechnology for their potent antibacterial activity, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. This study deals with an environment friendly and biosynthesis process for pharmacological applications of titanium oxide nanoparticles, derived from Akarkara (Anacyclus pyrethrum) root aqueous extract. The formation and characterisation of TiO2NPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX).The antibacterial activities were carried out cells with different concentrations respectively. The TiO2 nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the bacterial pathogens significantly, in a dose and duration dependent manner.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anacyclus pyrethrum, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Antibacterial Activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hip joint arthritis in young adults presents significant challenges, particularly in cases where conventional treatments may not be suitable or well-tolerated. Hip joint arthritis, especially in young adults, can lead to chronic pain and functional impairment. Traditional Ayurvedic treatments, focused on holistic health and natural therapies, have shown promise as an alternative or complementary treatment approach for musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis. This article presents a case study of a 25yr male who came to shalyatantra OPD on 06/08/2024 presented with right hip joint pain and stiffness having rheumatoid factor and HLAB27 both negative, he has been diagnosed with case of hip joint arthritis (sandhigatavata) based on clinical presentation, physical examination, MRI and managed conservatively through conservative complementary Ayurvedic medicine. Clinical outcomes demonstrate significant improvement in pain, joint mobility, and overall quality of life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayurveda, Arthritis, Sandhigatavata, Pain.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ekakushtha is described in Ayurveda as a subtype of Kshudra Kushtha resulting primarily from the vitiation of Vata and Kapha doshas. Its clinical features show close resemblance to psoriasis, which is recognised in modern medicine as a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Psoriasis presents with well-defined erythematous plaques and papules covered by silvery scales, commonly distributed over the scalp, knees, elbows, and lumbosacral area. Due to persistent and visible skin lesions, individuals with psoriasis often experience substantial psychological and emotional burden. High levels of stress, social withdrawal, depressive symptoms, and increased risk of suicidal ideation have been reported in affected patients. Contemporary therapeutic approaches such as topical corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogues, phototherapy (PUVA), and systemic immunosuppressive drugs, including methotrexate provides symptomatic relief. Although beneficial, long-term therapy is frequently limited by adverse effects, drug resistance, or relapse of symptoms once medication is discontinued. This highlights an ongoing need for effective and safer long-term management options. Considering the clinical similarity, psoriasis can be correlated with Ekakushtha for Ayurvedic therapeutic planning. In the present case study, Ayurvedic interventions were administered based on the principles of Samshodhana and Samshamana chikitsa. Significant improvement was observed following detoxification procedures such as Vasantika Vamana and Sharadika Virechana, supported by internal herbo-mineral formulations and external medicated oil application. The outcome indicates that an integrative Ayurvedic approach may offer promising results while minimising toxicity concerns.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ekkushta, Psoriasis, Shodhan, Shaman Aushadhi, Ayurveda

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Evaluating the effectiveness of existing marketing channels is essential for producers to refine their marketing approaches and gain a competitive edge. This research seeks to investigate the market penetration and marketing performance of various channels, as well as their influence on producers' financial returns. By adopting a hybrid research methodology that integrates qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques, this study aims to generate actionable insights that can inform producers' marketing decisions and enhance their market positioning. The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural practices has led to a growing interest in biopesticides as an alternative to traditional chemical pesticides. This study investigates the marketing and consumer buying behavior of Coromandel International Ltd.'s biopesticide in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The research aims to understand the factors influencing farmers' adoption and purchasing decisions of biopesticides, as well as the marketing strategies employed by Coromandel International Ltd. to promote their product. The study's findings will provide valuable insights into the biopesticide market in Chandauli district, shedding light on the opportunities and challenges faced by biopesticide manufacturers and marketers in the region. The results of this study will contribute to the development of effective marketing strategies and policies that support the adoption of eco-friendly biopesticides, ultimately promoting sustainable agriculture practices in Uttar Pradesh.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marketing and consumer , Biopesticides, Chemical fertilizers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In India, the transgender people existed from the Vedic period. Transgender people were an efficient part of Indian society for centuries. In the Indian subcontinent, transgender people popularly known in diverse terms such as Tritiya prakriti, Napumsaka, Psychological sex, Aravani, Hijra, Eunuchs, Kothis, Jogtas, Shiv - Shakti etc. Transgender person means a person whose gender identity does not conform with the gender assigned by birth includes Trans Men and Trans women. Transgender communities are also an integral part of the Indian society and had the rights to enjoy all the fundamental rights like the other people had enjoyed it. Transgender people had played an important role in Vedic society, Buddhist, Epic, Mughal period or India but the situation of transgender community's right and dignity had been deteriorated from the British colonial period of India. The major objective of this review study is to identify the legal status of transgender people in the British colonial period, to identify the constitutional rights of transgender people in the post-independence period of India and also find out the constitutional rights of transgender people in the post-independence period of Bangladesh. The findings suggest that, in India, during the British colonial rule, the transgender people had to get some benefits for the very first time such as food, land and less amount of money from agricultural households. In the mid-19th century, the British colonial administrators took away all the rights from them and also criminalized the transgender people. In the post-independence period, the government of India, recognised them as 'third gender ' in 2014 and also provided such provisions and legislation to assure their rights. In the post-independence period of Bangladesh, the hijra community deprived of all kinds of rights and reservations and also faced so much discriminatory attitude, bullying, social stigma, abuse in Bangladesh. In 2014, the government of Bangladesh, had recognized Hijras as third gender but did not provide any constitutional rights or legal protection to assure their rights and also saved their life.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transgender people, Legal status, Constitutional rights, British colonial period, India, Bangladesh.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Dihydropyridine derivatives; Dopamine D2 receptor; Molecular docking; Blood-brain barrier permeability; Neuroprotection; Cognitive enhancement; Multitarget-directed ligands.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition