Volume 14 | Issue 1 | January-2026

 Abstract

Abstract This review explores the multifaceted challenges faced by single women in both global and Indian contexts. Despite advancements in education and employment, societal norms, gender biases, and economic disparities continue to restrict women's independence. The paper examines the social, psychological, and professional struggles faced by single women, while also discussing coping mechanisms and emerging empowerment trends

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Despite, Disparities, Multifaceted

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present review focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an herbal tooth drop prepared using Tridax procumbens, a medicinal herb widely known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Oral health plays a vital role in maintaining overall well-being, and herbal formulations are gaining attention as safer and more effective alternatives to synthetic dental care products. In this study, Tridax procumbens was explored for its phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential in treating common oral problems such as toothache, gum infections, and bad breath. The herbal tooth drop combines the therapeutic benefits of Tridax procumbens with eugenol, enhancing its antiseptic and analgesic activity. Evaluation parameters such as pH, organoleptic properties, and stability confirmed the product's effectiveness and safety. The review concludes that herbal dental drops represent a promising natural approach to maintaining oral hygiene and preventing dental diseases without harmful side effects

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Dental drop from TRIDEX PROCUMBENS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is globally recognized as a catalyst for leadership development and professional advancement. The degree cultivates a distinctive combination of strategic thinking, analytical competence, and entrepreneurial insight, enabling graduates to address complex organizational challenges effectively. In an increasingly dynamic and globalized economy, the MBA offers not only theoretical foundations but also practical, industry-relevant expertise that enhances employability and career mobility. This article examines the contemporary value of an MBA by analyzing its financial returns, career advantages, and transformative role in leadership development. Using data-supported visual representations--such as bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs--the study highlights trends in program costs, industry placement, and enrollment shifts from traditional to online learning formats. While acknowledging challenges including high tuition costs and market saturation, the paper emphasizes the enduring relevance, adaptability, and strategic importance of the MBA in meeting modern business demands.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Business Leadership, Career Advancement, Industry Placement, Online MBA Trends, MBA Return on Investment (ROI)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper examines the Chikankari embroidery industry in Lucknow, India, and its journey through economic reforms that began in 1991. Chikankari is a traditional hand embroidery craft with over 400 years of history. The paper looks at how this ancient craft has survived and changed in modern times. The study explores the challenges faced by artisans, the role of middlemen, government support programs, and market changes. Using data from government reports, NGO studies, and academic research, this paper shows both the problems and opportunities for traditional crafts in today's economy. The findings reveal that while economic reforms brought new export opportunities, they also created challenges for small artisans. The paper suggests policy recommendations to protect traditional crafts while helping them grow in the global market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chikankari, traditional handicrafts, economic liberalization, artisan welfare, Lucknow, embroidery industry, craft preservation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced modern software development practices. AI-based development tools such as code completion assistants, automated testing tools, and static code analysis systems are increasingly adopted to enhance software quality and developer productivity. This study evaluates the impact of AI-based development tools on software engineering outcomes, with a specific focus on code quality, development speed, error reduction, and developer efficiency. The research adopts a survey-based methodology involving software developers and computer science students who actively use AI-assisted development tools. Primary data was collected using a structured Google Form questionnaire, and secondary data was gathered from existing research literature. The findings suggest that AI-based tools positively influence developer productivity by reducing coding time, improving code accuracy, and assisting in debugging. Additionally, respondents reported improvements in software quality through early defect detection and code optimization. The study concludes that AI-based development tools play a significant role in modern software engineering practices and are likely to become integral components of future software development environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, Developer Productivity, Software Quality, AI-Based Tools

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drug shortages are emerging as a serious challenge to the global healthcare delivery system, irrespective of economic jurisdictions. This review provides an insight into the current scenario of drug shortages in a global perspective, with prominent focus on affected therapeutic classes and major factors that contribute to drug shortages, such as failure in manufacturing quality, lack of raw materials, economics, and inefficient regulatory policies. The effects of drug shortages, in terms of patient safety, economics, and human aspects, especially in low- and middle-income countries, are described, and their need and importance in different settings are emphasized. This review particularly focuses on regulatory affairs concerning drug shortages, and it describes how regulatory policies in jurisdictions need to allow transparency and focus on strategies to counter drug shortages due to their significant impact in health access and delivery worldwide.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug shortage, economic jurisdiction, challenges, Mitigation, Regulatory challenges.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aims to understand how 'Dry Texting' might affect the way young adults feel about the safety and stability of their romantic relationships. With the increasing reliance on digital communication in romantic relationships, simple patterns such as short or distant replies can strongly influence perceptions of emotional closeness and security. A correlation research design was used and data were collected from young adults using a self-developed Dry Texting Behaviour Scale (DTBS) and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). The DTBS was developed to assess perceived disengagement and minimal responsiveness in text based communication. Reliability analysis showed excellent internal consistency for both measures, the DTBS (? = .93) and the RAS (? = .91). Descriptive Statistics were calculated, and the skewness and kurtosis values suggested that the data were approximately normally distributed. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between dry texting and relationship security. Results revealed a strong negative correlation between DTBS and RAS scores (r = -.76), indicating that higher levels of dry texting were associated with lower levels of relationship security among young adults. The findings indicate that the quality of digital communication plays a key role in how secure partners feel in their relationships. This study draws attention to the psychological impact of texting styles and other online interaction patterns, underscoring how responsive, warm, and emotionally engaging messages help support and maintain healthy romantic relationships.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dry texting Behaviour , Digital Communication , Relationship Security , Romantic Relationships , Emotional Closeness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The written tradition of Kokborok literature evolved slowly and remained undocumented for a considerable period. A major step toward formal documentation was made with the publication of Kokborma Grammar by Doulat Ahmed in 1897, which is often regarded as the earliest recorded written work in the Kokborok language. However, the participation of women in Kokborok literary writing did not emerge alongside this early development. For many years, women's creative expressions existed largely within the oral tradition and remained absent from written records. The first visible presence of women writers appeared only in 1954, when their works were published in the literary magazine Kwtal Kothoma. Rubi Rung Devi and Nobalaxmi Debbarma stand out as the earliest known women contributors during this period. Rubi Rung Devi's Phunukmukmung, a compilation of riddles rooted in folk culture, and Nobalaxmi Debbarma's Sikla Bai Sikli Rochoblaimai Rochabmung reflect the initial written engagement of women in Kokborok literature. Before these publications, there is no reliable historical evidence of women authors producing written works in the Kokborok language. The entry of women writers introduced new perspectives and themes, drawing from folklore, emotional experiences, nature, and the socio-cultural environment of the community.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kokborok writing, women authors, oral tradition, literary emergence, folk culture, environment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a novel biomarker of ischemia and oxidative stress. Several studies have demonstrated elevated IMA levels in diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and increased oxidative stress, predisposing patients to cardiovascular complications. The present study aimed to estimate serum IMA levels in patients with T2DM and evaluate its correlation with glycemic status and lipid profile parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects were recruited from the Medicine Outpatient Department of INDEX Medical College and Hospital. Among them, 100 patients were diagnosed with T2DM according to ADA 2016 guidelines, and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum IMA were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation test. Results: Patients with T2DM exhibited significantly higher levels of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, MDA, and IMA, along with significantly lower HDL-cholesterol and GSH levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). Serum IMA showed a significant positive correlation with FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol, while a negative correlation was observed with HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: Serum IMA levels are significantly elevated in patients with T2DM and are strongly associated with poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia. IMA may serve as an early biomarker for ischemia and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aiding in better disease management and prognosis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemia-modified albumin, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The demand for Master of Business Administration (MBA) education has grown substantially over the past several decades, with the degree widely perceived as a gateway to managerial and leadership roles. Despite its popularity, the prestige and perceived value of the MBA have fluctuated, prompting ongoing debate regarding its effectiveness in preparing graduates for contemporary organizational challenges. Critics frequently argue that MBA programs emphasize theoretical knowledge at the expense of practical application. This paper reviews the existing literature to examine the effectiveness of MBA programs from the perspectives of three key stakeholder groups: students, faculty, and employers. Specifically, it explores students' expectations and whether these expectations are fulfilled, faculty concerns regarding curriculum relevance and leadership preparation, and employer expectations of MBA graduates' workplace performance. Based on the reviewed literature, the paper also proposes recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of MBA programs and improve satisfaction among all stakeholders.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MBA, MBA effectiveness, graduate business education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition