Volume 13 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

In the recent years the demand is increasing day to day. It is found that large quantity of electricity in many countries is consumed in lighting the streets. Most of basic street lighting systems are switched ON/OFF at regular intervals of time. In this project the system is to develop a street light energy saving control system to reduce energy if no vehicles pass through certain roads. This paper suggests a low-cost Arduino microcontroller-based solar street lighting system that is energy-efficient. The primary goal is to provide energy-efficient solar streetlights for smart cities only, as well as for current lamps in rural and urban areas. The LDR luminaire, LDR driver, PV panel, charge controller, light sensor, motion sensor, and Arduino make up the system. The smart streetlight is adjusted according to the amount of traffic on the road and the time of day or night. This paper suggests energy efficient of automatic street light by using Arduino. The main objective is to design energy efficient automatic streetlight for energy conversation in present streetlights of rural area, urban area and completely for smart cities. The system LED, solar panel, charge controller, Battery, Arduino. The system is set to automatically turn OFF during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart LED street light; Solar; servo motor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The process of the isolation of Eastern Areas can be traced back to 20th century with the creation of Excluded Area in the Naga Hills District under the province of Assam but before we proceed to the discussion of the contemporary issue, it is advertent to rewind the history for better understanding. Let's examine the chronology of the region as to understand the sentiments and demands of the people. The Nagas lived independently in their own territory prior to their contact with the British. Nagas came into contact with the British in 1832; the Naga territory underwent a political transformation post the battle of 1851 known as the battle of Kikruma. The British established their first headquarter after reoccupation of Samaguting in 1866 and subsequently sub-divisional headquarters were created at Wokha (1875), Kohima(1879) and at Mokokchung (1889). The Permanent headquarter after re-occupation of Kohima was established in 1881. The Naga Hill district was under British administration while Tuensang area remained as un-administered area until 1902 with the label of Tribal Area. In 1880, Assam frontier Tracts Regulation was implemented, which extended up to the Naga tribal areas. Through this regulation the first British expedition reached Tuensang area on 12th January 1889, via Kohima and Mokokchung. Although the Britishers were able to bring certain area under their control, but they could not fully enforce their administration throughout the Tuensang area. The area remained un-administered, some within the political control and certain area beyond the political control. In 1914, Tuensang area was clubbed under the North East Frontier Tract by the regulation of Assam Frontier Tract Regulation Act of 1880, the area remained as tribal area under section 311 of the Government of India Act 1935 by which no British laws and regulation were to be implemented in this area, and thus the area remained officially un-administered until 1948 though certain measure were taken by 1902 yet this historical negligence with the political corruption impacted the areas to the current times.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ENPO, Frontier Nagaland, Frontier Territory, British Administration in Naga Hills.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid growth of urban areas in the Delhi NCR (National Capital Region) has resulted in worsening road traffic congestion, creating significant environmental and economic challenges. This study investigates the factors influencing traffic congestion, including population growth, government policies, pride in vehicle ownership, and adherence to traffic rules. Through a dual-stage survey and analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we explore the relationships between these variables. Our findings suggest that improving compliance with traffic regulations can substantially mitigate congestion, while population growth, government policies, and vehicle ownership do not have significant direct impacts. Recommendations are provided for policymakers to integrate infrastructure development with strict traffic management practices to ensure sustainable urban mobility.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Traffic congestion, Delhi NCR, public policy, structural equation modeling, public transportation, traffic rules

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer: A Review of Current Landscape

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bladder cancer, immunotherapy, checkpoint inhibitor, gene therapy, adoptive T-cell therapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a reemerging zoonotic disease that remains largely underrecognized despite its significant global impact. With nearly 1 billion people at risk, one million annual cases, and an untreated fatality rate approaching 50%, this acute febrile illness demands urgent attention. Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus from the Rickettsiae family, scrub typhus poses a critical health challenge. This article delves into the homoeopathic perspective, classifying it under Hahnemannian acute sporadic diseases with a miasmatic diagnosis of psora-syphilitic. Additionally, it highlights the therapeutic potential of homoeopathy in managing and addressing this neglected yet deadly disease.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Homoeopathy, Scrub typhus, Therapeutics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project proposes a deep learning-based system for vehicle detection and counting, leveraging the YOLOv8 model for accurate vehicle detection. The model is trained on a diverse dataset to ensure robustness across various traffic conditions. DeepSORT tracking algorithm is integrated for efficient multi-object tracking, enabling continuous monitoring of vehicle movement. The system processes video feeds in real-time, detecting and counting vehicles as they pass through predefined regions of interest. A Tkinter-based graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for easy input of video files and visualizing the results. The interface also provides real-time updates on detected vehicles and counts. The model is optimized for high accuracy while maintaining performance efficiency. The proposed system is suitable for applications in intelligent transportation systems, including traffic monitoring and automated vehicle counting. The project demonstrates the potential of deep learning techniques in addressing real-world transportation challenges. Future improvements may include handling more complex scenarios and enhancing tracking stability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Vehicle detection, Traffic Signal, Deep Learning, YOLO, OpenCV

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The researchers study the effectiveness of inventory Management and Control at San Roque Supermarket Montalban Rizal. Inventory is one of the resources that are managed by business organizations and it was first recorded in 1601. The main objective of inventory management is to maintain inventory at appropriate level to avoid excessive or shortage of inventory because both the cases are undesirable for business. This study employed the descriptive method of research using the questionnaire is gathering the respondents assessment on the effects of Inventory management and control in San Roque Supermarket, Montalban Rizal. The researchers have at least 50 respondents. Findings the respondents encountered problems on the lack of automation, failure to accurately forecast demand, lack of training program, poor communication, poor decision making.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Inventory Management, business, automation, communication, decision making

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

RAJNITTK JANMAT NIRMAN ME SOCIAL MEDIA KA YOUDAN AUSAR AND CHUNAUTIYA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RAJNITTK JANMAT NIRMAN ME SOCIAL MEDIA KA YOUDAN AUSAR AND CHUNAUTIYA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the impact of smartphone addiction on the academic performance of secondary-level students in Hooghly District, West Bengal, utilizing a combination of qualitative data collection methods. Semi-structured interviews with students, parents, and teachers, classroom and home observations, self-reported smartphone usage logs, and academic records were used to gather comprehensive insights into students' smartphone habits and their influence on academic outcomes. The analysis, guided by frameworks such as the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and the Displacement Hypothesis, revealed patterns of academic disruption, cognitive overload, and behavioural changes. Findings indicate that excessive smartphone use, particularly for entertainment and social media, negatively affects academic performance, while mindful use does not necessarily lead to adverse outcomes. The study highlights the need for educators, parents, and policymakers to implement strategies to mitigate the negative impact of smartphone addiction on academic performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smartphone addiction, Academic performance, Secondary students, West Bengal, Cognitive overload, Behavioural impact, Screen time

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of cestode parasites in various vertebrates. These parasites are widely distributed among fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. While cestode infections have been extensively studied worldwide, research on their occurrence in Indian vertebrates remains limited. Understanding their impact is crucial, as they can cause severe infections, leading to significant health concerns and ecological imbalances. Among the affected species are Mastacembelus armatus, Wallago attu, and Clarias batrachus, nocturnal fish that inhabit rivers, coastal marshes, and sandy or rocky riverbeds. Like many other aquatic organisms, these fish are highly susceptible to cestode infections, which can negatively affect their health, growth, and survival. The presence of these parasites in vertebrates is particularly concerning because many of these hosts--including fish, birds, and mammals--are essential food sources for humans and hold substantial economic importance. The study's findings indicate that the helminth infestation index was lower in Wallago attu and Clarias batrachus compared to Mastacembelus armatus. The highest rates of parasitic infestations were recorded during the summer months in freshwater fish. Additionally, the study highlights the detrimental impact of anthropogenic activities since 2022, which have led to a decline in fish populations due to habitat destruction and pollution caused by illegal construction and other human activities. When infected hosts are consumed without proper cooking or preparation, cestode parasites can be transmitted to humans, leading to various health complications. Furthermore, cestode infections contribute to increased mortality rates among host species, reducing their nutritional and commercial value. The findings suggest that environmental factors and feeding habits play a crucial role in influencing the seasonal variation of parasitic infections, either directly or indirectly. Understanding the prevalence and effects of cestode infections is essential for biodiversity conservation, ensuring food safety, and minimizing economic losses in affected species.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

cestode, prevalence, Mean intensity, abundance, Beed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition