Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Modern learning has evolved rapidly with advancements in digital technologies, global connectivity, and learner-centred pedagogies. This research article examines the current landscape of modern learning using secondary data, including published journals, government reports, UNESCO statistics, and EdTech research. It analyses how technology-driven learning approaches influence student engagement, cognitive development, skill acquisition, and educational accessibility. The study also explores challenges such as the digital divide, teacher adaptability, cybersecurity concerns, and student well-being. Findings indicate that modern learning significantly enhances learning outcomes when used appropriately, but requires institutional support, investment, and digital literacy training. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, educators, and institutions to strengthen digital learning ecosystems.

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 Keywords

Modern Learning, Technology in Education, E-learning, Digital Pedagogy, Educational Technology, Blended Learning, Secondary Data.

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The Status of Women in India is always a burning issue. Many speak about gender equality but still there is an existence of gender discrimination in our Country. According to recent reports women population in our country is nearly 50%. But still where equal status is not given to women. India is a nation where we worship Goddess Durga but actually women in reality are treated disrespectfully in almost in each and every scenario. When hear about Women Empowerment we will The Indian Government has taken lot of initiatives and has come out with many schemes for improvement of status of women in our country and to empower women in all aspects. This paper is purely theoretical in nature and study is focused on what are the various schemes offered by Government of India for empowerment of Women.

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Women Empowerment, Status of Women, Gender Equality, Discrimination

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Female infertility a condition characterized by the inability to conceive after regular unprotected intercourse for at least one year. Infertility is encountered as a stressful condition by couples worldwide, impacting not just their physical and mental well being but also placing financial strain on them. Infertility is a growing global concern influenced by lifestyle, environment and physiological factors1. Ayurvedic management provides a promising, cost-effective avenue for addressing infertility disorders and enhances the success rate. The Ayurvedic concept of Vandhyatva corresponds to infertility, which may arise due to abnormalities in Ritu(ovulation), Kshetra (uterus), Ambu(rasa Dhatu), Beeja(sukra & artava) 2.

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Vandhyatva, Female infertility, Panchakarma,Shodhana, Shamana.

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Introduction: Stress is a major contributor to digestive disorders, and modern research shows strong links between psychological stress, HPA axis activation, altered gut motility, dysbiosis, and serotonin imbalance. Ayurveda similarly describes how mental factors such as Chinta (worry), Bhaya (fear), and Krodha (anger) disturb Manas Dosha and weaken Agni, leading to Ama formation and digestive dysfunction. This study examines the psychosomatic relationship between stress, Manas Dosha, and Agni from both Ayurvedic and modern scientific perspectives. Aim: To explore the relationship between Stress, Mansa Dosha And Agni Objectives: 1. To study Ayurvedic concepts related to Manas Dosha, Agni and Stress 2. To analyze modern scientific mechanism of stress induced GIT Disorders. 3. To ascess therapeutic approaches for stress induced digestive disorders. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridayam were reviewed alongside scientific literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2000- 2025). Search terms included "HPA axis stress," "gut-brain-microbiota axis," "serotonin and gut motility," and "mind-body interventions for IBS." Relevant concepts linking stress physiology, Dosha imbalance, and Agni disturbance were analyzed. Results and Discussion: Ayurvedic descriptions of stress-induced Agni disturbances (Vishamagni, Tikshnagni, Mandagni) closely parallel modern mechanisms involving cortisol elevation, sympathetic overactivity, impaired digestive secretion, dysbiosis, serotonin dysregulation, increased gut permeability, and visceral hypersensitivity. Each Dosha shows distinct stress-response patterns: Vata-Rajas with anxiety and erratic digestion, Pitta-Rajas with anger and hyperacidity, and Kapha-Tamas with depression and sluggish digestion. Modern evidence supports Ayurvedic interventions-- meditation, pranayama, yoga, Dinacharya in reducing HPA axis activation, improving vagal tone, correcting dysbiosis, and restoring Agni. Conclusion: Both Ayurveda and modern science confirm that stress is a primary factor in digestive dysfunction through its impact on Dosha balance, Agni, gut microbiota, and neuroendocrine pathways. Mind-focused Ayurvedic therapies provide effective root-cause management of stress-induced gastrointestinal disorders by restoring Manas balance and normalizing Agni. Integrating these psychophysiological insights may improve long-term outcomes in stress-related GI diseases.

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Stress, Manas Dosha, Agni, Digestive Health

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Weight estimation, Pediatric drug dosage, APLS formula, Nelson formula

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The study aims to find the Effect of structure teaching program on knowledge regarding somatoform disorder among nurses working on selected hospital. Problem statement: Effect of structure teaching program on knowledge regarding somatoform disorder among nurses working on selected hospital of the city. Primary objective: To find out the effect of STP regarding somatoform disorder among nurses working on selected hospital. Objectives: 1 To assess the existing knowledge regarding somatoform disorder among nurses working on selected hospital. 2.To determine the association between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score with somatoform disorder among nurses. 3.To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding somatoform disorder among nurses. 4.To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding somatoform disorder among nurses. Methodology: Pre Experimental One group pre- test and post- test research design used for the study. It was conducted over 60 nurses by using Non probability Convenient sampling technique. Results: Pre-test score 48% of the samples had average level of knowledge score,0.0001% had good level of knowledge score. In post-test 3.07% of the sample had very good level of knowledge score and 3.07 % had excellent level of knowledge score. The difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score that there was marked improvement in knowledge of staff nurses after implementation of structured teaching value is 0. 0056.Conclusion. There was marked improvement of scores. pre -test of the samples had average level of knowledge score, 0.0001% had good level of knowledge score. In post -test 0.23% of the samples had very good level of knowledge score and 3.07% had excellent level of knowledge score. The difference pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score shows that there was marked improvement in knowledge of nurses in selected hospital after implementation of structured teaching. There is significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding somatoform disorder among nurses working on selected hospital of the city. So researcher accepts research hypothesis H1.

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Key words: "Assess","Effectiveness","structure teaching programme", "knowledge", "somatoform disorder", Nurses", Hospitsal".

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This article examines contemporary Etikoppaka wooden toys as vernacular design objects that reinterpret sacred Hindu figures through minimal, child-centred forms rather than strictly adhering to classical texts such as the Shilpa Shastras. Employing qualitative methodologies, including interviews with artisans and material analysis of deity toys, the study reveals that artisans prioritise recognizability, structural stability, tactile safety, and visual clarity over intricate iconography, drawing on craft knowledge and social feedback. These toys serve as pedagogical tools that connect sacred narratives to everyday life and child development while preserving craft identity and market relevance. The findings suggest that Etikoppaka practices exemplify vernacular modernism, in which tradition serves as a flexible resource for creative innovation, underscoring the significance of adaptive cultural practices over static preservation.

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Etikoppaka toys; toy-based pedagogy; child-centred design; sacred representation; heritage sustainability; fancy toys

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Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global threat to public health, with bacterial biofilms being particularly challenging environments where resistance mechanisms are intensified. This study focuses on understanding antibiotic resistance in biofilm-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) through the application of biofilm and crystal violet assays. Biofilm formation is a key survival strategy employed by bacteria, enhancing resistance to antibiotics and host immune responses. The experimental approach involves the utilization of a biofilm assay to assess the biofilm-forming capabilities of E. coli strains. The biofilm assay provides insights into the organism's ability to adhere to surfaces and form structured biofilms, simulating conditions encountered during infections. Subsequently, the crystal violet assay is employed to quantify the biomass of the formed biofilms. This method allows for a quantitative assessment of biofilm production, offering a reliable measure of the extent of biofilm formation. The study aims to correlate the observed biofilm formation with antibiotic resistance patterns. Various antibiotics commonly used in clinical settings will be tested against planktonic and biofilm-associated E. coli strains. The results will shed light on the enhanced resistance of biofilm-producing E. coli, contributing valuable data to the understanding of antibiotic efficacy in biofilm-related infections. The research integrates artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to analyze the complex relationships between biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and genetic factors in E. coli. AI algorithms will be employed to identify patterns and predict potential resistance mechanisms, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the study. This research employs biofilm and crystal violet assays to explore antibiotic resistance in biofilm-producing E. coli. The integration of AI techniques enhances the depth of analysis, providing a holistic understanding of the intricate interplay between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of targeted strategies for combating biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance in E. coli infections.

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Antibiotics, Antimicrobial activity, E. coli, Antimicrobial resistance, Biofilm, Multidrug resistance.

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Over-speeding is one of the major causes of road accidents and traffic violations worldwide. Accurate and automated vehicle speed monitoring plays a vital role in improving road safety and traffic management. This paper presents a Vehicle Speed Monitoring System based on video surveillance and computer vision techniques. The proposed system captures real-time video using a stationary roadside camera and detects moving vehicles using image processing algorithms. Vehicle tracking is performed across consecutive frames, and speed is calculated by measuring the distance traveled over time. When a vehicle exceeds the predefined speed limit, the system flags the violation and records the relevant data for further analysis. The proposed solution reduces manual intervention, improves monitoring efficiency, and ensures continuous operation. This system can be effectively deployed on highways and urban roads to support intelligent traffic surveillance and accident prevention.

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Vehicle Speed Monitoring, Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, YOLO, Haar Cascade, OpenCV, Real-Time Traffic Monitoring, Object Detection, Vehicle Tracking, Speed Estimation, Overspeed Detection, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Smart Cities, Traffic Law Enforcement, Automated Surveillance, Camera-Based Monitoring, Python.

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 Abstract

Telangana Loni Narayanapet Jilla Janapadakathalu

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Telangana Loni Narayanapet Jilla Janapadakathalu

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