Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Hyperuricemia is defined as plasma saturated with mono sodium urate at a concentration > 6.8 mg/dL at 37?. Over the past 20 years, hyperuricemia has become more common and still has a significant frequency, which can be correlated with the economic development and lifestyle changes like obesity, enhanced intake of sugar-sweetened drinks, purine-rich foods and alcohol intake. Epidemiological data further highlights the role as an independent risk marker for each 1mg/dL increase in serum uric acid, the risk of coronary heart disease mortality increases by approximately 20%. The evidence obtained suggests that it may contribute to chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders by mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol and febuxostat are commonly used for the management of hyperuricemia; however prolonged use has been reported to cause acute renal failure. According to Ayurveda, uric acid can be considered as existing in the form of Pittadhika-Kapha Rupa Malabhava. As the hyperuricemia may be due to Pitta Pradhana Dosha Dushti Which in turn leads to Rasa Rakta Dhatwagnimandya at Rasa-Rakta Dhatu level. Navakarshika Kwatham described in Chakradatta Vataraktha chikitsa adhyaya is a unique combination of ama pachana, agni deepana, raktha prasadana and Kapha-Pittahara drugs. A male patient, aged 55 years diagnosed with hyperuricemia 1 year back presented with pain and swelling over left big toe, left elbow joint,left shoulder joint,bilateral knee and ankle and generalised body pain was treated with Ayurvedic Formulation Navakarshika Kwatham. Aqueous extract of the formulation was administered for 30 days. At the end of the treatment marked reduction seen on the levels of S.Uric acid, ESR and on the signs and symptoms.

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 Keywords

Hyperuricemia, S. Uric acid, Navakarshika Kwatham

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This study investigates the divergent democratic trajectories of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan by addressing a central question: How do the legal frameworks governing electoral systems and political defection influence national stability and long-term economic development? Specifically, it examines why India has achieved a degree of institutional continuity ("Viksit Bharat") that remains elusive for Bangladesh and Pakistan. The research employs a qualitative comparative case-study methodology. Its analysis primary legal documents, including the 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, Article 70 of the Bangladesh Constitution, and Article 63-A of the Pakistani Constitution. Secondary data is drawn from the 2024 general election reports, World Bank economic indicators, and scholarly critiques from political scientists such as Christophe Jaffrelot and Ali Riaz. This multi-dimensional approach allows for a cross-national synthesis of political and economic variables. The research anticipates three primary findings. First, that India's institutionalized electoral governance acts as a catalyst for "policy continuity," attracting global investment. Second, that Bangladesh's Article 70, while preventing government collapse, creates a "winner-take-all" system that stifles the parliamentary oversight necessary for transparent development. Third, that Pakistan's struggle with "Lotaism" and military intervention creates a "hybrid regime" where short-term political survival precedes long-term economic planning. Ultimately, the study suggests that for Bangladesh and Pakistan to replicate India's developmental path, they must move beyond "procedural democracy" toward "substantive democracy" by empowering independent electoral institutions and reforming laws that restrict legislative dissent.

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 Keywords

Electoral Systems, Political Defection, Viksit Bharat, South Asian Politics, Parliamentary Stability

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 Abstract

Abstract Cyber attacks are getting more common these days with all the digital stuff growing so fast, networks everywhere, and services online all the time. It is kind of scary how they can mess up organizations, steal data, or just cause big problems for security. For this project, we built a system that monitors and analyses cyber attacks in real time, and we hooked it up with Power BI to make the visuals and analytics better. Since real cyber security data is super sensitive and not easy to get because of restrictions, I had to make a synthetic dataset instead. That way, it simulates real scenarios like DDoS attacks, SQL injection, cross-site scripting, brute force stuff, and port scanning. It feels realistic enough to test things out without actual risks. The dashboard uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, so it is interactive, and it simulates attacks dynamically. Then, the data gets processed and goes into Power BI for more advanced stuff. Dashboards there show trends, how severe attacks are, frequency, all that. It helps spot high-risk sources or vulnerable spots, and patterns that keep coming back. Some people might think real-time is enough, but mixing it with historical analytics makes it stronger for decisions. The system is meant to scale up if needed, run efficiently, and teach people about attacks. Cyber security analysts, students like me, researchers, they can use it to study behaviors, get aware of situations, and make better choices. Overall, it shows visualization and BI tools together can really help understand threats, even in a simulated setup.

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Keywords: Cyber security, Cyber Attack Monitoring, Power BI, Real-Time Visualization, Data Analytics, Network Security, Threat Analysis, Dashboard Analytics

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing nations like India, where the disease is not only a medical concern but also a profound social and psychological burden. This study explores the impact of stigma and discrimination on the mental health of TB-affected individuals through a sociopsychological lens. Drawing on secondary data and thematic content analysis, the research reveals that stigma--often rooted in cultural beliefs, misinformation, and fear--leads to social exclusion, internalized shame, and heightened emotional distress. Discrimination from family, community, and healthcare providers further exacerbates psychological challenges such as depression, anxiety, and low self-worth. The study also highlights how demographic factors such as gender, economic status, and education level influence the intensity and experience of stigma. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated psychosocial support and stigma-reduction strategies within TB care frameworks. A more holistic approach that combines medical treatment with mental health interventions is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing the societal burden of TB.

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 Keywords

Tuberculosis (TB), Stigma, Discrimination, Mental Health, Depression and Anxiety, Psychosocial Support, Sociopsychological Approach, Public Health, Social Exclusion, Healthcare Disparities

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The obsession of society with reproduction is undeniable. Infertility halts its very basis. Therefore, many social measures and medical interventions have been employed to cure this issue. Surrogacy has been an effective recourse, with assisted reproductive technologies at its forefront presently. This paper studies different forms of commercial surrogacy, associated issues, produced dilemmas and their representation in selected popular media. It, also, examines the implications of substituting an altruistic act to a commercial one. Through a critical analysis of the selected Bollywood films (Chori Chori Chupke Chupke and Mimi), the paper aims at exploring the multifaceted landscape of surrogacy across decades, un/supported by varied legislative frameworks, within the Indian state.

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 Keywords

Motherhood Studies, Film Studies, Surrogate Motherhood, Commercial Surrogacy, Bollywood

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Classroom management is a fundamental aspect of effective teaching and learning, particularly at the primary level where children require structure, guidance, and emotional support. It refers to the strategies, techniques, and practices used by teachers to create and maintain a positive, orderly, and engaging classroom environment. This paper examines the concept of classroom management, its importance, objectives, principles, and its impact on the teaching-learning process. It highlights the role of teachers, classroom discipline strategies, student engagement, learning environment, challenges faced in classroom management, and possible solutions. The study concludes that effective classroom management enhances academic achievement, social behavior, emotional well-being, and overall learning outcomes, making it an essential component of successful education.

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 Keywords

Classroom Management, Teaching-Learning Process, Discipline, Learning Environment, Primary Education

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Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is essential for hospital infection control and environmental safety, and inadequate segregation, limited awareness of legal frameworks, and poor access to policy documents increase occupational hazards and the risk of nosocomial infections. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management and associated legal frameworks among doctors and nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses at a 250-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysuru, Karnataka. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing knowledge of BMW guidelines, access to policy documents, waste handling and segregation practices, and awareness of infection risks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 150 questionnaires distributed, 128 were completed (response rate: 85%). Nurses constituted 74.2% of participants and doctors 25.8%. Awareness of the WHO manual on safe management of health-care waste was limited (45.3%), with no significant difference between professional groups (p = 0.40). Access to BMW policy documents differed significantly, with 90.5% of nurses reporting access compared to 15.2% of doctors (p < 0.001). Despite limited policy awareness, more than 90% of respondents reported appropriate waste segregation, correct use of colour-coded bins, and glove use. Awareness of infection risks associated with improper BMW management was high. Conclusion: Although reported biomedical waste management practices were satisfactory, gaps in awareness of and access to formal guidelines and legal frameworks persist, particularly among doctors. Targeted training and improved dissemination of policy documents are required to strengthen compliance.

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Biomedical waste management; Doctors; Health-care workers; Infection control; Nurses; Waste segregation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI-Driven Testing, Machine Learning in QA, Self-Healing Test Automation, Autonomous Testing Agents, Visual AI Regression, Predictive Defect Analytics, Synthetic Data Generation, Natural Language Processing (NLP) Testing, Continuous Testing (CT), Quality Engineering (QE), Test Maintenance Reduction, Generative AI (GenAI) for Software Testing

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This paper examines the invisibility of widows in Indian society through a sociological lens. Drawing from feminist theory, symbolic interactionism, and intersectionality, it argues that widowhood represents a form of social death, where women are systematically erased from cultural, economic, and familial life. Using case studies such as Vrindavan widows, caste variations, and NGO interventions, the paper highlights both the persistence of widow stigma and emerging transformations through activism and reform.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social death, widow, stigma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition