Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

This report will though a light on "consumer payments through Paytm" (study in Hyderabad area) seller their motivation or willingness to sell though price and contractual provision in their listing agreement. A pricing strategy is for motivated sellers to set their listing price at or below estimated market values as determined by the quality and other characteristics of the house. An exposure strategy is to set a listing price above estimated market value. And increase advertising and broker activity in order to generate more favorable offers. Pricing and exposure are completing strategies and may be revealed in listing contracts through the inclusion of a buyer broker provision.

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 Keywords

PAYTM,ONLINE SHOPPING,DIGITAL MARKETING,CONSUMER

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 Abstract

The potential of Shrikhand, a classic fermented dairy dessert from India, as a functional meal is being investigated. In order to maximize health advantages, this research introduces the formulation of phytosynbiotic shrikhand, which combines probiotics, prebiotics, and bioactive plant chemicals. Inulin, a gut-friendly prebiotic, chakka made from A2 cow milk, and medicinal substances such jambul seed powder, Catharanthus roseus, and Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) were included because of their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities. Over the course of its shelf life, the formulation sought to balance probiotic viability, stability, taste, and texture. Probiotic development was aided by inulin, and the therapeutic value was increased by plant phytoconstituents. The product's viability was validated by preliminary assessments, which included physicochemical testing, sensory analysis, and microbiological stability. A new, health-promoting dairy product that supports metabolic balance and digestive wellness is phytosynbiotic shrikhand. This dessert satisfies market need as customer interest in functional meals high in nutrients grows. Future studies will evaluate scalability, maximize shelf life, and confirm therapeutic effectiveness. This research demonstrates the creative use of phytochemicals and synbiotics to enhance conventional dairy products and provide sustainable, health-conscious substitutes.

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 Keywords

Fermented products, yoghurt, value added shrikhand, Lactobacillus lacti.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The role of digital sustainable marketing, including social media marketing, e-commerce adoption, digital infrastructure access, and sustainability-oriented digital practices, was examined in this study as factors that scale up rural entrepreneurs in Jharkhand. The research was based on quantitative research design, and the responses were obtained from a survey of 130 rural entrepreneurs. The research analyzed the impacts of digital tools on outgrowth, market expansion, digital marketing effectiveness, and business resilience. The study showed ambiguous results. Social media marketing, on the other hand, was found to have a significant but negative impact on enterprise growth, which was indicative of ineffective usage and poor digital skills. On the other hand, e-commerce adoption contributed to market expansion and business sustainability through organized logistics, packaging, and digital support systems. Although digital infrastructure and access are vital, they still negatively affect the digital marketing effectiveness, which highlights the connectivity and skill deficiency issue. Sustainable digital marketing practices played a prominent role in the growth of the businesses, and they also positively impacted by being the major contributor to the transparency of business operations and the minimization of the project's negative environmental impact. The research results highlight the need for skillful digital marketing users and, at the same time, underline the need for effective infrastructure that creates a vibrant and effective Jharkhand rural entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital sustainable marketing, rural entrepreneurship, social media marketing, e-commerce adoption, business resilience

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ganga-Meghna-Bramhaputra basin is one of the major arsenic-contaminated hotspot in the world. To assess the level of severity of arsenic contamination, concentrations of arsenic in irrigation water, soil, rice, wheat, common vegetables, and pulses, intensively cultivated and consumed by the people of highly arsenic affected Nadia district, West Bengal, India, were investigated. Results revealed that the arsenic-contaminated irrigation water (0.318- 0.643 mg l-1) and soil (5.70-9.71 mg kg-1) consider- ably influenced in the accumulation of arsenic in rice, pulses, and vegetables in the study area. Arsenic concentrations of irrigation water samples were many folds higher than the WHO recommended permissible limit for drinking water (0.01 mg l-1) and FAO permissible limit for irrigation water (0.10 mg l-1). But, the levels of arsenic in soil were lower than the reported global average of 10.0 mg kg-1 and was much below the EU recommended maximum accept- able limit for agricultural soil (20.0 mg kg-1). The present study reveals that pulses grown in the study area are safe for consumption, for now. But, the arsenic accumulation in the crops should be monitored periodically as the level of arsenic toxicity in the study area is increasing day by day.

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Arsenic, Irrigation water, Crop, Vegetable, Pulses, West Bengal

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This paper examines the gendered negotiation of belonging through an intertextual analysis of gender representation across selected literary texts . It explores how gender identities are constructed , contested and redefined through dialogues between texts, traditions and social- cultural- contexts . By employing intertextuality as a critical framework , the study highlights how narratives borrow , revise or resist earlier representations of gender to negotiate questions of inclusion, exclusion, and belonging . This paper argues that gender is not a fixed or isolated category but a relational and discursive construct shaped by textual interactions and historical power structures . Through close textual analysis , the study reveals how intertextual references enable marginalized genders to articulate agency, challenge normative identities and reimagine spaces of belonging .

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Intertextuality, Cultural Discourse, Identity Construction, Gendered Belonging

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Though 'irretrievable Breakdown of marriage' is not a ground of divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act and Special Marriage Act. The Supreme court of India on dt. 4th oct. 2019 in civil appeal No. 4696/2013 R. sriniwaskumar V. R. Shametha has, in significant ruling, said divorce can be granted if a marriage is totally unworkable, emotionally dead and beyond salvage. Coming to the rescue of a man fighting a legal battle for divorce for a last two decades as his plea was bench of Justice S.K Kaul and MR shah invoked the SC's inherent power under article 142 to do "Complete Justice" and allowed the petition saying the marriage had broken irretrievably. In the case before the SC, the couple had been living for the last 22 years after their relationship ran into rough weather just a few years after marriage in 1993. The apex court in a series of verdicts has asked the Centre to amend the law to introduce irretrievable breakdown as a ground of divorce but the law remains unamended, and divorce is denied even if the couple are not living together for years and their relationship bruised beyond repair. This effective denies them an opportunity to explore life afresh as their marriage survives in law even if not in substance. Even the Law Commission, in its reports in 1978 and 2009, recommended the Centre to take "immediate action" to amend the laws with regards to "Irretrievable breakdown" whereas "wedlock become a deadlock". As the Centre failed to act on the Suggestion, the apex court has from time-to-time invoked Article 142 to grant divorce even though existing laws do not recognize the ground of divorce. "The Court, in a series of judgment's, has exercised its inherent power under article 142 of the Constitution of India for dissolution of a marriage where the court finds that the marriage is totally unworkable, emotionally dead, beyond salvage and has broken down irretrievably, even if the facts of the case do not provide a ground in law on which divorce could be granted", the court said. The SC said, "In present case, admittedly, the Husband and wife have been living separately for more than 22 years, and it will not be possible for the parties to live together. Therefore, we are of the opinion that while protecting the interest of the respondent wife and compensate her by way of lump sum permanent alimony, this is a fit case to exercise the power under Article 142 to dissolve the marriage between the parties." The bench rejected the wife's plea that the marriage cannot be dissolved without her consent and granted relief to husband after noting that all efforts to continue the marriage had failed and there was no possibility of a reunion because of the strained relations between the parties. "If both the parties to the marriage agree for separation permanently and/or consent for divorce, in that case, certainly both the parties can move the competent court for a decree of divorce by mutual consent. Only in a case where one of the parties does not agree... only then the power under Article 142 of the Constitution of India is required to be invoked to do the substantial justice between the parties, considering the facts and circumstances of the case".

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Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage ,Non-consummation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Uchch Maadhyamik Star Ke Vigyaan Sankaay Mein Anutteern Vidyaarthiyon Ke Paarivaarik Samaayojan Ka Adhyayan

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Uchch Maadhyamik Star Ke Vigyaan Sankaay Mein Anutteern Vidyaarthiyon Ke Paarivaarik Samaayojan Ka Adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dystonia is one of the neurologic movement disorders characterized by uncontrollable muscle movements ranging from mild to severe. It can affect one or multiple parts of the body. Many affected patients also experience painful muscle spasms and cramps. These involuntary contractions may cause twisting, repetitive movements and abnormal postures. These affects the patient's overall quality of life and his ability to do daily activities. The exact cause of dystonia still remains unknown, but is believed to be a combination of genetic as well as environmental factors.

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Dystonia, Movement disorder

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mental computation is an essential element of mathematical understanding at the secondary school level, as it supports accuracy, efficiency, and numerical reasoning. However, classroom practice often emphasizes fixed procedural algorithms, which may limit students' conceptual flexibility and number sense. The present study introduces an innovative multiplication strategy, termed the Base Deviation Grid (BDG) Method, designed to provide a structured and systematic approach to base-oriented multiplication. To investigate its instructional effectiveness, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design was employed with Grade IX students. Comparative analysis of achievement and speed measures revealed that students exposed to the BDG Method outperformed their peers taught through conventional multiplication techniques. The results indicate that structured mental-mathematics frameworks such as the BDG Method can significantly enhance students' computational performance and conceptual understanding in secondary mathematics classrooms.

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Mental Computation; Multiplication Techniques; Base Deviation Grid Method; Mathematics Pedagogy; Secondary Mathematics Educatio

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Mutual funds have become a favored investment option for salaried people in India because of their benefits of diversification, professional oversight, and alignment with long-term financial objectives. Over the last two decades, several studies have examined the awareness, preferences, risk perception, and decision-making behaviour of salaried mutual fund investors. The review paper assesses existing academic literature on mutual fund investment behaviour among salaried individuals in India. The study identifies key determinants influencing investment decisions such as financial literacy, income level, risk tolerance, tax benefits and the role of digital platforms. It also highlights major research gaps and suggests directions for future research. The review aims to provide a consolidated understanding of how salaried individuals perceive and adopt mutual fund investments with respect to Indian context.

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Mutual Fund, Investment, Salaried, long-term, SIP, Financial Literacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition