Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The present study investigated the isolated and combined effects of Speed-Agility-Quickness (SAQ) training and agility ladder training on selected biomotor abilities and volleyball skill performance among adolescent volleyball players. Sixty male players aged 13-17 years from Mahe, India were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 15 each): SAQ training group, ladder training group, combined SAQ+ladder training group, and control group. Training was administered three sessions per week for twelve weeks, while the control group continued routine activity without any specialised intervention. The dependent variables included speed, agility, abdominal muscular endurance, leg explosive power, balance, and volleyball skill performance (passing, serving, and spiking). Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine group differences, with the significance level fixed at p < 0.05. Results showed significant improvements in all selected biomotor and skill variables in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Further, the combined SAQ+ladder training group demonstrated superior improvements compared to isolated training groups. The findings indicate that integrating SAQ and ladder training is more effective for improving performance-related fitness and volleyball-specific skills among adolescent players.

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SAQ training; agility ladder; biomotor abilities; volleyball skills; adolescent athletes

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In this research paper to evaluate the performance of ten mutual funds in India during the time frame 2021 to 2025. The objective is to evaluate fund performance using Net Asset Value (NAV), Annual returns, Standard deviation and Sharpe performance index. The research also compares equity, hybrid, debt and arbitrage fund categories with their respective benchmarks. Descriptive statistics were applied to assess growth trends in net asset value and returns. Correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis were conducted using relevant statistical software to examine the relationship between risk and return and to identify performance differences across the fund category. The study showed a consistent increase in net asset value over a five-year period with equity funds displaying the highest growth but greater risk comparison. Hybrid funds showed reasonable performance, but level of debt and arbitrage funds offered more stability as compare to lower returns. In this study, a significant positive correlation was found between standard deviation and average annual return. Regression analysis results indicated the risk factor described over semi-variation in return. Individual predictors were not statistically significant at 5% significance level. There were no strong category wise differences as measured by ANOVA, but descriptive statistics findings provided meaningful variations between the fund. Overall, the study concludes that the mutual fund performance was influenced by the level of risk undertaken, with equity funds providing higher return potential. In this study, the findings were relevant for investors and policymakers. This research paper provide an understanding of mutual fund performance in the Indian market.

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Net Asset Value (NAV), Risk-return, Sharpe performance index, Standard deviation, ANOVA.

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The right to vote forms the foundation of any democratic system. In India, the world's largest democracy, this right enables citizens to engage in governance by electing their representatives at local, state, and national levels. Although the Indian Constitution does not explicitly declare the right to vote as a fundamental right, it is a crucial statutory right derived from constitutional principles such as democracy, equality , and popular sovereignty. Over time, India has developed a comprehensive electoral system, but voting rights remain subject to numerous challenges that require thoughtful reforms and policy measures. This paper addresses the Constitutional and Legal Framework, Key Issues Affecting Voting Rights, Major Issues in Voter Registration, Judicial Interventions, etc. The paper concludes by suggesting comprehensive reforms of the electoral rolls in order to strengthen voting rights in India

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Voters right, electoral justice, voter registration

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Language development is essential for students success in higher education, particularly for multilingual learners who must navigate complex disciplinary texts, academic discourse, and assessment practices. Despite increased participation in degree programs, many students continue to experience difficulties related to academic language proficiency. Sheltered instruction has been recognized as a pedagogical approach that integrates content learning with language development through purposeful instructional support. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of sheltered instruction and examines its role in supporting academic language development in higher education contexts. Drawing on theories of second language acquisition, socio cultural learning, and cognitive learning theory, the paper explores how key principles of sheltered instruction--including comprehensible input, scaffolding, interaction, and explicit attention to academic language--support the development of academic vocabulary, discourse competence, and disciplinary literacy. Through a synthesis of existing literature, the paper proposes a conceptual framework illustrating the relationship between sheltered instruction and academic language development among degree students. The paper concludes with implications for higher education pedagogy and teacher preparation and highlights directions for future research in postsecondary sheltered instruction.

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Sheltered Instruction; Language Development; Higher Education; Multilingual Learners; Content and Language Integration

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लघुपाणिनीयस्य सुबन्तप्रकरणसमीक्षा इति प्रबन्धे पाणिनीयव्याकरणस्य सूत्रपद्धतेः तथा प्रक्रियापद्धतेः विशेषताम् विवेच्य लघुपाणिनीयस्य . राजराजवर्मणः विरचितस्य प्रक्रियाग्रन्थस्य नवीनशैलीम् प्रदर्श्यते। लघुपाणिनीयस्य पूर्वखण्डे शिक्षाकाण्डः परिनिष्ठाकाण्डः, निरुक्तकाण्डः, आकाङ्क्षाकाण्डः च मुख्यतः निरूपिताः, यत्र सुबन्तप्रकरणे संज्ञा-सन्धि-प्रत्ययादेश-अङ्गकार्यप्रकरणानि चतुर्विधानि भवन्ति। प्राचीनप्रक्रियाग्रन्थेभ्यः भिन्नतया प्रक्रिया प्रदर्शिता। नामरूपावली च प्रकरणान्ते प्रदर्शिता। आधुनिकशिक्षापद्धतिसमन्वितं विषयविभागेन राजराजवर्मणा नूतनप्रस्थानं प्रथापितम्, येन पाणिनीयव्याकरणस्य अध्ययनं सरलं भवति।

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लघुपाणिनीयम्, पाणिनीयव्याकरणम्, प्रक्रियापद्धतिः, सुबन्तप्रकरणम्

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This thesis digs into how Indian foreign policy has shifted since the end of the Cold War, focusing on India's rise in global politics. People usually talk about India as a big new power, but there's more going on beneath the surface. If you look at it through structure-agency theory, you see a push and pull between the limits India faces from the international system and the choices its leaders make at home. India's growing resources and its ideas about how things should be have both tangled together to shape its foreign policy in ways that aren't always straightforward. Ever since independence, India wanted to play a leading role on the world stage, but outside pressures and problems closer to home kept holding it back. Even after 1998, when India's global standing really shot up, the country still found it tough to turn its new advantages into real leadership in South Asia. This study shows that in the post-Cold War world, India's foreign policy is a clear example of how a country's actions abroad grow out of both the world around it and the choices it makes for itself.

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Indian Foreign Policy, Post-Cold War, Structure-Agency, Global Politics, Strategic Power, Ideational Forces

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Cloud computing environments increasingly support cloud-native and microservices-based applications that exhibit highly dynamic and burst-prone workload patterns. Conventional threshold-based autoscaling mechanisms are inherently reactive and frequently suffer from delayed resource provisioning, poor utilization efficiency, and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations during sudden demand fluctuations. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an AI-driven predictive analytics framework for proactive cloud resource management that integrates time-series workload forecasting with cost-aware optimization. The proposed framework employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict short-term workload variations and a reinforcement learning (RL)-based decision engine to derive adaptive autoscaling policies that jointly optimize performance, resource utilization, and operational cost under SLA constraints. Unlike existing approaches that address workload prediction or cost optimization in isolation, the proposed model enables closed-loop, multi-objective optimization through continuous feedback-driven learning. The framework is evaluated using benchmark cloud workload traces and a production-like containerized cloud deployment. Experimental evaluation is conducted using publicly available benchmark workload traces and a containerized cloud testbed emulating real-world deployment conditions. Results averaged over multiple execution runs demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces average response time by 25-30%, demonstrates resource utilization by 18-22%, and lowers operational cost by 15-18% compared to conventional threshold-based autoscaling, while maintaining SLA compliance above 98%. These results confirm that integrating predictive intelligence with adaptive decision-making significantly enhances scalability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in modern cloud environments.

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Index Terms- Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, Cloud Computing, Proactive Autoscaling, Reinforcement Learning, Resource Optimization, Cost-Aware Cloud Management.

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Background: Influenza (common flu) is a highly contagious viral respiratory illness with increased morbidity in the paediatric age group. Children play a significant role in community transmission. Conventional antiviral therapy is often associated with adverse effects, creating the need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of individualized homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of common flu in children aged 2-12 years. Materials and Methods: An open-label prospective clinical study was conducted on 60 clinically diagnosed paediatric cases of common flu. Cases were assessed before and after treatment using the Flu/Influenza-like Illness Symptom Assessment Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Results: Post-treatment assessment showed a statistically significant reduction in symptom scores (t = 10.60, p < 0.001). Allium cepa was the most frequently prescribed medicine, followed by Arsenicum album, Sabadilla, Belladonna and Aconite. Conclusion: Individualized homoeopathic treatment was found to be effective in the management of common flu in the paediatric age group.

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Common flu, Influenza, Homoeopathy, Paediatrics, Open-label study

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Background: The brachial plexus, a sophisticated network of nerves, plays a pivotal role in clinical anatomy, surgery, and anesthesia, as it is responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the upper limb. This neural network, which arises from the anterior rami of the C5 to T1 spinal nerves, navigates intricate anatomical regions prior to diverging to innervate the integumentary system and musculature. Aim: To determine the study of brachial plexus anatomical variations in the Indore region variations in its formation, branching, and running. Materials & methods: The study examined the anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in deceased humans, analyzing forty cadavers aged 50-85. It focused on development, branching, and trajectory, and documented variations such as root formation, cable configuration, and nerve trunks. The study also compared conventional descriptions to cadaveric findings. Results: The study found that the frequency of brachial plexus branching mutations was highest in a classic M pattern in 29 out of 80 samples. Other mutations included the common trunk of medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, medial pectoral nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, ulnar nerve and brachial branches, musculocutaneous nerve, and posterior cord giving brachial branches to median nerve. Conclusion: The study of brachial plexus differences in cadaver samples emphasizes the importance of understanding nerve structure differences, which can improve surgical, anesthetic, and rehabilitative practices, aid in precise diagnosis and treatment, and patient care quality.

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Medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, medial pectoral nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, ulnar nerve, brachial branches.

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India's pursuit of becoming a "Vishwa Guru" (world leader or global teacher) has been a cornerstone of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision in the realm of Indian foreign policy. Rooted in India's ancient civilization and its values of peace, diplomacy, and non-violence, Modi's dream of establishing India as a moral and strategic leader globally has gained significant momentum, especially in the context of relations with Asian countries. Over the past decade, Modi's diplomatic strategies, such as "Act East Policy" and the promotion of regional economic, security, and cultural cooperation, have helped India enhance its influence. India has strengthened ties with key Asian nations like Japan, South Korea, and ASEAN members, while balancing relationships with powers like China and Russia. This rise in diplomatic clout, coupled with India's global stance on issues like climate change, digital transformation, and global peacekeeping, indicates that India is closer to achieving the status of a "Vishwa Guru." However, challenges remain, such as regional conflicts, geopolitical rivalries, and the necessity for domestic reforms to sustain its growth and leadership in Asia.

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Vishwa Guru, Narendra Modi's vision, Indian foreign policy,

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