Volume 7 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) represents the ethical and spiritual core of Islam, emphasizing moral refinement, inner transformation, and experiential consciousness of the Divine. While modern scholarship often approaches Islam through legal, political, or ideological lenses, Tasawwuf offers an alternative paradigm grounded in ethical self- cultivation and social responsibility. Drawing upon the classical definition of Tasawwuf attributed to Ab? al-?asan A?mad al-N?r? and cited by P?r Karam Sh?h al-Azhar? in the Preface to the English translation of Kashf al-Ma?j?b, this paper argues that Tasawwuf is best understood as khulq (excellent moral character) rather than ritualism or abstract knowledge. Through a historical and conceptual analysis, the paper situates Tasawwuf within the Qur??nic and Prophetic framework and examines its relevance in addressing contemporary crises such as moral alienation, psychological anxiety, extremism, and social fragmentation in the Arab and wider Muslim world. The study contends that Tasawwuf, when grounded in Islamic orthodoxy, provides a viable ethical and spiritual response to the challenges of modernity without retreating into escapism or sectarianism.

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 Keywords

Tasawwuf, Islamic ethics, spirituality, moral renewal, contemporary Islam, Kashf al-Ma?j?b

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Halophilic actinomycetes are promising candidate for extremozymes due to their ability to survive and function potential under extreme habitats. Among these, members of the genus Nocardiopsis are recognized for producing industrially important ?-amylases with multiple biotechnological potential. In the present study, a comparative bioinformatics analysis was carried out on eight ?-amylase producing protein sequences derived from Nocardiopsis alba and Nocardiopsis species retrieved from the NCBI database. Physicochemical characterization using ProtParam revealed that most amylases possess low theoretical isoelectric points (pI 4.13-4.71), enrichment of acidic and aliphatic residues, and low sulphur content, reflecting supporting features for adaptations to saline environments. Homology-based three-dimensional structural models were generated using SWISS-MODEL and evaluated through GMQE, QMEAN Z-scores, MolProbity, and Ramachandran plot analysis, promote the good structural reliability and stereochemical quality to remain functional active in saline habitats. These findings highlight will be used for their potential for applications in food processing, pharmaceuticals.

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 Keywords

Nocardiopsis; ?-amylase; Bioinformatics analysis; Protein structure modeling.

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Halophilic actinomycetes are valuable sources of extremozymes with significant industrial potential due to their Sustain ability and function under high salinity and other harsh conditions. In this study, we conducted comprehensive bioinformatics-based structural and functional analysis on four amylase sequences from the halophilic actinomycetes Actinopolyspora erythraea, including ?-glucosidase, glycosidase and two hypothetical proteins. We retrieved four amino acid sequences from the NCBI database. Sequences were analysed by using ProtParam to determine physicochemical properties associated with halophilic adaptation. Three-dimensional structures were predicted using SWISS-MODEL and validated through Global Model Quality Estimation (GMQE), QMEAN Z-score, MolProbity and Ramachandran plot to capture the novelty of amylases. All analysed proteins exhibited hallmark features of halophilic enzymes, including low theoretical isoelectric points, enrichment of acidic amino acids, negative GRAVY values indicating enhanced hydrophilicity, and moderate to high aliphatic indices suggestive of thermostability. The ?-glucosidase and glycosidase proteins demonstrated favourable stability indices and structural robustness, supporting their primary roles in carbohydrate metabolism under hypersaline conditions. Overall, this study highlights key molecular determinants underlying halophilic adaptation in amylase-related proteins from Actinopolyspora erythraea and underscores the biotechnological potential of halophilic actinomycetes as promising sources of salt-tolerant enzymes for applications in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries.

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 Keywords

Halophilic actinomycetes; Actinopolyspora erythraea; Amylases; Bioinformatics analysis; Protein structure prediction

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Franz Kafka is one of the most prominent writers of the early twentieth century and has had an enormous impact on the literature and thought of not only Europe, but also on world literature. He is one among the major writers who dealt with the inevitable crisis- a part of life of the modern man. Though he never titled himself an existentialist, we can find the major traits of existentialism in his works- uncertainty, absurdity, alienation- to name a few. 'Individual', which constitutes the focal point of existentialism, is the centre of his work. The unique feature of Kafka's short stories is that he not only explores the crux of existentialism in the stories that portray the characters of human beings alone. There are also stories which have animals as protagonists. What is interesting in the animal stories of Kafka is that the animal protagonists express their emotions as human protagonists do. The 'Kafkaesque' atmosphere prevails even in the animal stories and serves the purpose for whatever it was coined. The current paper, through some of Kafka's animal stories, focuses on the expression of the traits of existentialism.

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Animal, ape, dog, jackal, monkey, mole, existentialism

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Independence of judiciary ensures the rule of law and realization of human rights and also the prosperity and stability of a society. The Indian Constitution makes provisions to ensure independence of the judiciary, the basic patterns of the courts, their composition, powers, jurisdiction etc. the Constitution makes detailed provisions which cannot be touched by ordinary legislative process and the Constitution of India provides for the independence not only of the Supreme Court, but also the High Courts and the subordinate courts. Independence of judiciary being a basic feature of the Constitution, any attempt to curtail it directly or indirectly even by an amendment of the Constitution would be invalid. Appointment of judges to the higher judiciary assumes utmost importance in the context of independence of the judiciary. The selection of proper judges is of fundamental importance to the progress of the nation, and the selection of judges has necessarily to be made with the utmost care.

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Indian Constitution, Higher Judiciary, Appointment of Judges, Supreme Court, High Court

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This article analyzes how colonial governance in the Madras Presidency transformed caste into a modern political identity between 1870 and 1947, with a focus on Teluguspeaking districts. It argues that the colonial state's knowledge practices--especially the census and ethnographic classification--reified locally flexible social relations into standardized categories of rule, while agrarian revenue policies consolidated material power for dominant cultivating castes. Caste associations harnessed the opportunities of education, professional employment, and limited representative politics to pursue upward mobility, often by combining Western institutional forms with Sanskritic idioms of status. At the same time, radical anti-caste currents--from Phule and Periyar to Ambedkar--mounted a systematic critique of graded inequality, yet remained politically constrained by agrarian dependencies and the priorities of nationalist mobilization. The article concludes that colonial modernity did not dissolve caste; it politicized it, leaving institutional and discursive legacies that shaped postcolonial democracy.

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Caste; colonialism; Madras Presidency; Telugu regions; agrarian political economy; census; caste associations; anti-caste movements; identity politics.

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This paper highlighted the prospects and challenges of ginger production in Arunachal Pradesh with special reference to Lower Dibang District of Arunachal Pradesh. This paper is an attempt to analyse the Scope of Ginger Cultivation in the district as an economic means for the cultivator. It also highlights the high productivity, role and importance of ginger cultivation as an alternative to traditional Agriculture Practices in the district in particular and state as a whole. It also examined the ginger productivity compare to others horticulture crops by analysing secondary data. This paper also highlighted the central and state govt. role in providing horticulture scheme and policy to augment the welfare of the farmer. The paper is based on secondary data, reports from state agriculture department, journals and books related to the topic and personal experience.

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Production, ginger productivity, Prospects, Challenges, scope

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The integration of computer technology into the teaching-learning process has significantly transformed science education in recent years. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) provides interactive, individualized, and learner-centered experiences that can enhance students' understanding of complex scientific concepts, particularly in subjects like Chemistry. Traditional teaching methods often face limitations in addressing abstract concepts, diverse learning paces, and students' varying abilities. The present study aims to examine the effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on the academic achievement of students in Chemistry. It seeks to compare the achievement levels of students taught through CAI with those taught through conventional instructional methods. The study also explores the effectiveness of CAI in improving conceptual clarity, interest, and motivation among learners. The findings of this research are expected to highlight the potential of computer-assisted learning as an effective instructional strategy in Chemistry education. The study underscores the importance of integrating modern educational technologies into classroom teaching to improve academic achievement and promote meaningful learning outcomes.

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The integration of computer technology into the teaching-learning process has significantly transformed science education in recent years. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) provides interactive, individualized, and learner-centered experiences that can enhance students' understanding of complex scientific concepts, particularly in subjects like Chemistry. Traditional teaching methods often face limitations in addressing abstract concepts, diverse learning paces, and students' varying

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 Abstract

पंडित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय जी अपने एकात्म मानववाद के दर्शन में मुख्य रूप से कृषि विकास, ग्रामीण विकास, विकेंद्रीकरण, स्वदेशी, अंत्योदय और आत्मनिर्भरता जैसे मुद्दों पर अपने आर्थिक विचार दिए। विकेंद्रीकरण, स्वदेशी और अंत्योदय द्वारा दीनदयाल जी मुख्य रूप से समाज के गरीबों, पिछड़ो और वंचितों के उत्थान की बात करते है। समावेशी विकास एक रणनीति या अवधारणा है जो मुख्य रूप से अर्थव्यवस्था के सबसे निचले स्तर पर रह रहे लोगों को रोजगार के अवसर प्रदान कर उनके आय स्तर को बढ़ाकर, उनके जीवन के गुणवत्ता में सुधार करके उन्हें विकास के मुख्य धारा से जोड़ने का प्रयास करता है। दीनदयाल जी के आर्थिक विचार और समावेशी विकास दोनों का ही मानना है कि समाज के निचले तबके के लोगों को विकास के मुख्य धारा से जोड़कर ही सही मायने में देश का आर्थिक विकास किया जा सकता हैं।

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एकात्म मानववाद, विकेंद्रीकरण, स्वदेशी, अंत्योदय, आर्थिक विकास, समावेशी विकास, जीवन की गुणवत्ता।

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The hospitality industry, as one of the most people-centric sectors of the global economy, relies heavily on the quality of employee relationships and the cultural environment that governs workplace behavior. This study aims to examine the intricate relationship between employee relations and work culture in the hospitality industry and their combined influence on employee satisfaction, engagement, and organizational performance. The research is based exclusively on secondary data drawn from peer-reviewed journals, industry reports, and scholarly works published between 2000 and 2017, providing a comprehensive overview of pre-2018 trends in hospitality management. Adopting a descriptive and analytical design, the study synthesizes theoretical frameworks and empirical findings from earlier works, including Schein's (1992) model of organizational culture and Denison's (1990) cultural dimensions. The analysis identifies key themes such as managerial communication, trust, leadership behavior, employee participation, and organizational values. The literature consistently demonstrates that strong employee relations, grounded in fairness, openness, and managerial empathy, enhance commitment and job satisfaction, while participative and clan-type cultures foster teamwork, innovation, and emotional well-being. Conversely, autocratic leadership, rigid hierarchies, and cultural misalignment contribute to high turnover and employee disengagement. The findings confirm that employee relations and work culture are mutually reinforcing constructs. A supportive culture strengthens relational trust and cooperation, while healthy relations help sustain positive cultural norms. Leadership emerges as the critical mediating factor transformational and servant leaders build relational harmony and cultural cohesion through communication, empowerment, and recognition. Moreover, the study highlights persistent pre-2018 challenges such as high labor turnover, emotional exhaustion, and cross-cultural management complexities, underscoring the need for employee-centered HR policies and inclusive cultural frameworks. From a practical perspective, the study offers valuable insights for hospitality managers and policymakers. It advocates for transparent communication systems, participative leadership, cultural adaptability, and work-life balance initiatives to enhance employee well-being and retention. Policy recommendations include establishing HR benchmarks for ethical employment practices, integrating relational and cultural management modules into hospitality education, and developing certification programs that recognize organizational excellence in employee relations. This research reinforces the notion that the sustainability and competitiveness of the hospitality industry depend on its human infrastructure the strength of employee relations and the depth of cultural alignment. A people-oriented management philosophy that prioritizes trust, empathy, and shared values can transform workplace culture into a strategic advantage, ensuring long-term organizational success and superior service delivery.

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 Keywords

Employee Relations, Work Culture, Organizational Behavior, Hospitality Industry, Leadership, Employee Engagement, Organizational Performance.

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