Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication in the post-operative period. It increases patient discomfort, prolongs post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, raises the risk of postoperative complications and readmission, and adds to healthcare costs. Ondansetron and dexamethasone are widely used for PONV prophylaxis. Methods: This prospective study included 60 patients aged 20-65 years, weighing 55-70 kg, with ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30 each). Group I received ondansetron 4 mg IV, while Group II received ondansetron 4 mg IV plus dexamethasone 4 mg IV. Study drugs were administered intravenously 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Results: In Group II, no patient experienced PONV during the first two postoperative hours, and only one patient reported nausea and vomiting by the end of postoperative day 0. In contrast, Group I had four patients with PONV within the first two hours and ten patients by the end of postoperative day 0.

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Keywords: PONV, Ondansetron, Dexamethasone

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Psychological assessment scales play a vital role in the accurate identification, diagnosis, and treatment planning of psychological disorders. Standardized assessment tools provide objective measurement of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functioning, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making. The present study aims to explore the practical application and clinical utility of psychological assessment scales through a case study approach. Three clinical case studies were examined to demonstrate the use of commonly employed assessment tools, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Each case involved comprehensive clinical interviews followed by the administration of appropriate assessment scales to evaluate symptom severity, diagnostic clarity, and treatment progress. The findings highlight how psychological assessment scales contribute to accurate diagnosis, individualized intervention planning, and outcome evaluation. The case studies also illustrate the role of repeated assessment in monitoring therapeutic effectiveness and guiding clinical modifications. The study underscores the importance of integrating standardized assessment tools with clinical judgment to enhance reliability and validity in psychological practice. Overall, the findings support the effectiveness of psychological assessment scales as essential components of evidence-based mental health care, particularly within clinical and counseling settings in the Indian context.

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Psychological assessment, case studies, standardized scales, clinical evaluation, mental health

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Kashi (Varanasi) and its principal shrine, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, occupy a singular place in the religious imagination of South Asia. As one of the twelve jyotirlinga shrines of Lord Shiva, Kashi is framed in scripture and practice as a locus of moksha (liberation). Over the centuries the temple has been repeatedly destroyed, relocated, rebuilt, and re-imagined--each cycle reshaping pilgrimage forms and meanings. This article traces the temple's trajectory into modern India, focusing on continuity and change in ritual practice, institutional management, urban infrastructure, and socio-political contestation. It argues that the contemporary pilgrimage to Kashi is best understood as an evolving assemblage: ancient sacral narratives and daily rites intermesh with state-led redevelopment, heritage narratives, tourism economies, and contested memory politics. The Kashi Vishwanath Corridor and recent visitor growth illustrate how material interventions and political projects have intensified pilgrimage flows while also generating new tensions around access, heritage, and plural social claims

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Kashi Vishwanath, Sacred, Pilgrimage , Ganga, Jyotirlinga, Worship, Moksha, Ritual, Darshan, Transformations, Tourism, Maha Shivaratri, SKVTC, Economy, Heritage, COVID-19

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An intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental condition that develops in childhood. It affects capacity to learn and retain new information, and it also affects daily living activities such as fundamental self-care tasks and social skills. Depending on the severity of the intellectual disability, children tend to be dependent on their parents. Overdependence of the child may reduce psychological wellbeing of parents. Psychological wellbeing is the positive mental states such as happiness or satisfaction of parents. The prevalence of intellectual disability in India estimated to be around 1.8 to 2%. A child is most special in a family because they bring happiness and energy within the family. In a family when a child first diagnosed as intellectual disabled, parents experience lot of negative emotions like stress anxiety, depression and also fear about the future of the child. Financial problem and lack of social support has impact on their mental wellbeing. The objective of the review is to explore psychological wellbeing of parents with intellectual disability and associated demographic factors. Systematic literature scrutiny was performed by using the key search words intellectually disabled children, parents and psychological wellbeing in the electronic databases such as Research gate, Academia, Google Scholar. Several descriptive studies were conducted on this area and it has been observed that parents of intellectually disabled children had a high prevalence of psychological illness than the parents of normal children. Most of the parents did not have good mental health due to their multiple responsibilities. They faced problems and perceived considerable stress as their whole life style get affected including their mental health and psychological wellbeing. They had a higher prevalence of psychological morbidity than the parents of normal children. The commonest psychiatric disorders among parents were dysthymia followed by generalized anxiety disorder, stress, moderate depression, feeling of guilt, shame, helplessness. This review helps to know psychological condition of parents. On the basis of review findings, in future interventional research can be conducted on psycho education, relaxation technique, coping strategy for improving psychological wellbeing of parents.

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Psychological wellbeing, Intellectually Disable Children, Parents

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Ahara, Ahara Vidhi Vidhana, Lifestyle disorders

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The health and welfare of rural and urban women in Karnataka's Vijayapura District are compared in this study. It looks into the various aspects of well-being, such as mental and physical health, dietary habits, access to and use of healthcare services, and knowledge of health programs. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, collecting detailed data from women in both contexts using surveys, anthropometric measurements, and qualitative interviews. Important results show a clear difference between urban and rural areas. Higher rates of institutional deliveries and non-communicable disease screenings are associated with urban women's usually better access to healthcare facilities, specialists, and health information. On the other hand, lifestyle-related problems like obesity, stress, and sedentary behavior are more common among them. On the other hand, rural women have substantial obstacles concerning healthcare accessibility, affordability, and availability, which leads to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases, maternal health issues, and nutritional deficiencies such as anemia. Despite frequently having greater informal community support networks, their health is further impacted by sociocultural norms, occupational dangers from agricultural work, and lesser health literacy. The study comes to the conclusion that rural women in Vijayapura District mostly struggle with socioeconomic constraints and systemic gaps in basic healthcare access, whereas urban women face health concerns associated with modern lifestyles. Customized, context-specific therapies are necessary to achieve holistic wellness. Strengthening primary healthcare and outreach programs in rural regions, launching focused nutrition and sanitation campaigns, and creating urban wellness programs centered on mental health and lifestyle disorders are among the recommendations. Integrated policy initiatives that address the infrastructure deficiencies in rural areas as well as the new public health issues in urban settings are required to close this equality gap.

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Health, Wellness, Comparative, Women, Disorders, Programs, Vijayapura, Impact, Rural and Urban.

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In the current digital era, technology is essential to the workplace since it makes it possible for workers to collaborate and work more effectively. Women in non-teaching staff roles have embraced technology quickly in order to communicate more effectively, do duties more quickly, and take advantage of professional development possibilities. Factors of production now include technology. Among other benefits, implementing technology can lower expenses, boost output, save time, and enhance customer satisfaction. Technology adoption by working women in non-teaching staff positions is essential for both the professional development of those involved and the effectiveness of the organisation. Organisations can establish a more favourable atmosphere for adopting technological innovations by comprehending the elements that impact technology adoption and resolving the issues. One encouraging trend that improves communication, productivity, and professional growth is the use of technology by working women in non-teaching staff roles. Women in administrative and support professions can succeed in their careers and make valuable contributions to their organisations by utilising online learning platforms, task management software, and communication tools. Technology adoption among working women, especially those in non-teaching staff positions, is a complex topic that can be impacted by a number of variables. These elements may include access to training, individual attitudes towards technology, organisational support, and the particular technical instruments being used. Here are some key considerations and trends in this area: Out of the 80 working women respondents, 26.25% were below 25 years, 32.5% were 25-30 years age, 41.25% were belonged to 31-45 years and above. Overall study area 80 working women respondents 42.5% are getting less than 25000/- income per month, 57.5% are salaried more than 2500/- per month and 0% are getting more than 50000& less than 75000, more than 75000, & less than 1 lakh and more than 1 lakh.

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Technology, Communication Skills, Professional Growth, Organizational Development

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Political advertising in Indian democracy and Voter Behaviour: Digital and Traditional Comparative study of media

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Political advertising in Indian democracy and Voter Behaviour: Digital and Traditional Comparative study of media

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This paper presents a postcolonial reading of Hijam Anganghal's "Khamba Thoibee Sheireng", a foundational Manipuri epic that records indigenous social life while exposing entrenched structures of power, exclusion, and marginality. Though rooted in legend and romance, the epic articulates experiences that align closely with postcolonial concerns of subalternity, labour, representation, and cultural recovery. For this study, book-1, "Cattle Herding Job" is selected from the poem, "Khamba Thoibee Sheireng" based on the English translation by Jodha Chandra Sanasam (1-14), published in 2016. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's "Can the Subaltern Speak?" the study examines how Khamba and Khamnu emerge as figures shaped by inherited dispossession within Moirang society. Introduced as "two Kege destitute souls destined as Moirang orphans" (1), they occupy a social position marked by poverty, invisibility, and lack of institutional voice. Through an analysis of labour, gendered survival, and moral endurance, the paper argues that this epic functions as an act of indigenous cultural reclamation that restores marginalised experience to historical memory.

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Khamba Thoibee Sheireng, Postcolonialism, Subalternity, Identity, Cultural Memory.

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