Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Electronic commerce is a powerful concept and process that has fundamentally changed the current of human life. Electronic commerce is one of the main criteria of revolution of Information Technology and communication in the field of economy. This style of trading due to the enormous benefits for human has spread rapidly. E-commerce initiated during the 1970's. It provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-commerce can be broken down into two parts: E- merchandise: E-finance. It involves conducting business using modern communication instruments: telephone, fax, e-payment, money transfer systems, e-data interchange and the Internet. Online businesses like financial services, travel, entertainment, and groceries are all likely to grow. Forces influencing the distribution of global e-commerce and its forms include economic factors, political factors, cultural factors and supranational institutions. It raises key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to e-commerce viz., Ethical issues, Perceptions of risk in e-service encounters, challenges for e-commerce education. Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, which exactly means business trading through the Internet, has been around the globe since mid-90s. However, until the recent few years, e-commerce is getting more and more attention from entrepreneur and consumers, both local and international. One of the main reasons is due to the highly successful operations of some well-known names on the Internet, such as eBay, Yahoo and Dell. The sales revenue these companies show in their annual reports are without doubt, one of the biggest factors why e-commerce is important in the commercial market nowadays E-commerce initiated during the 1970's. It provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-commerce can be broken down into two parts: E- merchandise: E-finance. It involves conducting business using modern communication instruments: telephone, fax, e-payment, money transfer systems, e- data interchange and the Internet.

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 Keywords

e-commerce, legal issues, e-payment, e-finance, internet, e-business and e-technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 technologies has transformed the manufacturing sector, allowing for the development of smart manufacturing solutions. Industry 4.0 is the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI, and big data analytics to create a highly connected and autonomous manufacturing environment. This paper examines the current state of IoT-driven smart manufacturing, focusing on challenges, opportunities, and future directions. We look at the key enablers of Industry 4.0, such as IoT devices, cloud computing, big data analytics, and cybersecurity. The paper also looks at the advantages of Industry 4.0, such as increased efficiency, higher product quality, and lower costs. This paradigm shift has transformed traditional manufacturing practices by combining cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems to create a highly interconnected and automated manufacturing environment. This review paper examines the challenges, opportunities, and future directions of IoT-powered smart manufacturing. We discuss the advantages of Industry 4.0, such as increased efficiency, reduced waste, and higher product quality, as well as the challenges posed by the integration of disparate technologies, data security concerns, and workforce retraining requirements. We also highlight the opportunities for Industry 4.0 to enable real-time monitoring and predictions.

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 Keywords

IoT-Enabled Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing, Sensors, Cloud computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, published in 1902 is widely regarded as a prominent European literary masterpiece from the late 19th Century. It is an intricate work that can be analysed through several literary perspectives. Postcolonial theory is one important theory that can be used to examine it. The paper focuses on the portrayal and criticism of European colonialism in Africa as depicted in Heart of Darkness, with particular emphasis on two characters; Marlowe and Kurtz. Marlow is the novel's narrator, while Kurtz is the main colonial agent in the novel. The novel portrays the stark truths of imperialism, observing the exploitation, cruelty, and dehumanization of indigenous African people by European colonizers. Conrad criticizes the inhumane treatment of the indigenous people of Africa and the practice of imperialism, mainly through the character of Kurtz in the novel. The novel effectively depicts the sombre and ruinous aspects of European colonialism in Africa.

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 Keywords

Post-colonialism, Imperialism, Civilisation, Civilised, Savage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Empowerment index is an index which measures how much a person is empowered. In this paper an attempt has been made to form an empowerment index using different dimension of empowerment of women. After defining the empowerment index a comparison is done among the women who are actively participating Self Help Group (SHG Women) and the women who are not a member of SHG (Non-SHG Women). Primary data are collected by surveying different blocks of Paschim Bardhaman District of West Bengal. This study finds that not only SHG women are more empowered than Non-SHG women in each surveyed block but also the least empowered women (Non-SHG) Block becomes the highest empowered women Block when we consider only women who are member of any SHG.

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Measuring and Comparing Empowerment Index of SHG Women vis-à-vis Non-SHG Women

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Adhivasi kavitha: Samvedana aur Pratirodh ka Nayapan

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Adhivasi kavitha: Samvedana aur Pratirodh ka Nayapan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: The world of affiliate marketing has evolved significantly over the years, marked by key milestones and technological advancements. Various affiliate marketing models, such as pay-per-sale, pay-per-lead, and pay-per-click, with their distinctive commission structures, will be examined, providing insights into how advertisers and affiliates collaborate. Affiliate marketing offers advantages to both parties involved, including cost-effectiveness, expanded reach, and targeted marketing. This research will delve into these problems and offer potential solutions. Successful strategies for advertisers and affiliates, such as the importance of content quality, personalization, and cross-device tracking, will be explored, showcasing the best practices in this field. This research also delves into the legal and ethical aspects of affiliate marketing, highlighting disclosure requirements and data protection issues to ensure compliance and transparency. Real-world case studies from various industries will be reviewed, providing tangible examples of successful affiliate marketing campaigns that have achieved remarkable results. Finally, we will consider the future of affiliate marketing, encompassing the role of AI, video content, sustainability, and adaptability to evolving trends and regulations. As the marketing landscape continues to evolve, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the past, present, and future of affiliate marketing.

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 Keywords

Affiliate marketing, Affiliates, Tracking tools, Commission structures, Strategies, Content quality, Tracking software, Analytics tools, Case studies, Successful campaigns, Regulations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cryptocoryne spiralis var.cognatoides is a vulnerable species of Cryptocoryne of Araceae. Rhizome and leaves of C.spiralis var. cognatoides have been selected for phytochemical screening to identify different classes of metabolite and quantitative estimation of phenolics, flavonoids and starch. HPLTC fingerprint of leaves and rhizome extract has been done for fingerprint profile of plant extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, fixed oils and fats. Quantitative phytochemical screening in terms of total phenolics, flavonoids and starch were found to be HPTLC finger print of rhizome showed seven peaks in methanol extract and eleven peaks in hexane extract and twelve peaks in methanol extract and eleven peaks in rhizome extracts of leaves with different chemical constituents.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cryptocoryne spiralis var.cognatoides, phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation, HPTLC

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Innate immune components found in fish epidermal mucus are released by globlet cells, which serve as a barrier between the fish and its local habitat and offer the first line of defense against many harmful bacteria. Microbe trapping and sloughing is one of mucus' primary roles. Innate immunity is provided by a variety of substances found in mucus, including lysozymes, lectins, proteases, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). A range of pathogens were susceptible to the antibacterial action of the AMPs released by epidermal mucus cells. Furthermore, mucosal lysozyme was observed to have strong bacteriolytic activity, whereas several proteases discovered in fish skin mucus have the ability to eliminate infections by either cleaving their protein or by inducing an immune response. Lectins are another type of mucosal agglutinin that have a variety of functions in innate immunity, including complement activation and opsonization. Fish's epidermal mucus, which is shown to be relatively temperature independent, offers an inbuilt, quick-acting, non-specific defense. The current review's objective is to give a thorough understanding of the many elements of epidermal mucus, such as AMPs, proteases, and lysozymes, as well as how they work against infections.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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AMP, Mucus, Immunity, Lysozyme, Proteases

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Micro, Small and medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is the backbone of any economy. In India it represents 94% of all industrial firms and accounts for 60% of employment. The contribution of MSMEs to the economy in terms of employment generation, manufacturing and export has been splendid over the years. It is said that Indian economy goes with MSMEs. The overall economic growth of any country depends on growth and development of MSME sector. It also play a pivotal role in the economy of developed countries and also a driving force for economic development of many counties .Both developed and developing countries comprehended that MSMEs become one of the key instruments to achieve sustainable economic growth. In USA, SMEs make up 99.9% of all business and employ 47.1% of the private work force. In UK 99% off privately owned business are classified as SMEs accounting for 60% of private sector jobs. In Canada small business comprises 98% of business with employment to 10.3 million people. In Italy SMEs constitute 95% of total industries which account for 80% of total employment. In Germany, SMEs account for 99.3 % of all German firms. Their innovation, flexibility, relativity, efficiency and locality all play a part in making them successful.

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SCHEMES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MSMEs IN INDIA-AN ANALYSIS

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Analyzing fluid dynamics around a blunt nose with various spikes and angles of attack involves understanding how the shape and orientation of the nose affect airflow and aerodynamic forces such as lift and drag. Begin by defining the geometry of the blunt nose and the various spikes that will be attached to it. This includes specifying dimensions, shapes, and positions of the spikes relative to the blunt nose. Use a CFD software package such as ANSYS Fluent, COMSOL Multiphysics, or OpenFOAM to simulate the flow around the blunt nose with different spike configurations. Compare the performance of different spike configurations and angles of attack based on metrics such as lift, drag, and aerodynamic efficiency. Identify which configurations produce the desired aerodynamic characteristics for the given application. Based on the simulation results, optimize the design of the blunt nose and spikes to improve aerodynamic performance, minimize drag, or achieve other design objectives. The provided information suggests that blunting the front surface of an aerospace vehicle serves as a form of thermal protection. However, despite this blunting, the nose still experiences intense thermal action, necessitating even greater thermal protection than the peripheral parts of the vehicle. To address the issue of wave drag, which typically occurs due to the blunt nose shape, modifications to the flow field in front of the vehicle are necessary. One technique to achieve this modification is by employing a retractable nose spike. By deploying a retractable spike, the flow field can be altered, potentially reducing wave drag and improving aerodynamic performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Zero degree Spikes, Concave Blunt Nose, computational fluid dynamics, Angle of Attacks, turbulence, aerodynamics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition