Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Innate immune components found in fish epidermal mucus are released by globlet cells, which serve as a barrier between the fish and its local habitat and offer the first line of defense against many harmful bacteria. Microbe trapping and sloughing is one of mucus' primary roles. Innate immunity is provided by a variety of substances found in mucus, including lysozymes, lectins, proteases, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). A range of pathogens were susceptible to the antibacterial action of the AMPs released by epidermal mucus cells. Furthermore, mucosal lysozyme was observed to have strong bacteriolytic activity, whereas several proteases discovered in fish skin mucus have the ability to eliminate infections by either cleaving their protein or by inducing an immune response. Lectins are another type of mucosal agglutinin that have a variety of functions in innate immunity, including complement activation and opsonization. Fish's epidermal mucus, which is shown to be relatively temperature independent, offers an inbuilt, quick-acting, non-specific defense. The current review's objective is to give a thorough understanding of the many elements of epidermal mucus, such as AMPs, proteases, and lysozymes, as well as how they work against infections.

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 Keywords

AMP, Mucus, Immunity, Lysozyme, Proteases

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Micro, Small and medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is the backbone of any economy. In India it represents 94% of all industrial firms and accounts for 60% of employment. The contribution of MSMEs to the economy in terms of employment generation, manufacturing and export has been splendid over the years. It is said that Indian economy goes with MSMEs. The overall economic growth of any country depends on growth and development of MSME sector. It also play a pivotal role in the economy of developed countries and also a driving force for economic development of many counties .Both developed and developing countries comprehended that MSMEs become one of the key instruments to achieve sustainable economic growth. In USA, SMEs make up 99.9% of all business and employ 47.1% of the private work force. In UK 99% off privately owned business are classified as SMEs accounting for 60% of private sector jobs. In Canada small business comprises 98% of business with employment to 10.3 million people. In Italy SMEs constitute 95% of total industries which account for 80% of total employment. In Germany, SMEs account for 99.3 % of all German firms. Their innovation, flexibility, relativity, efficiency and locality all play a part in making them successful.

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SCHEMES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MSMEs IN INDIA-AN ANALYSIS

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 Abstract

Analyzing fluid dynamics around a blunt nose with various spikes and angles of attack involves understanding how the shape and orientation of the nose affect airflow and aerodynamic forces such as lift and drag. Begin by defining the geometry of the blunt nose and the various spikes that will be attached to it. This includes specifying dimensions, shapes, and positions of the spikes relative to the blunt nose. Use a CFD software package such as ANSYS Fluent, COMSOL Multiphysics, or OpenFOAM to simulate the flow around the blunt nose with different spike configurations. Compare the performance of different spike configurations and angles of attack based on metrics such as lift, drag, and aerodynamic efficiency. Identify which configurations produce the desired aerodynamic characteristics for the given application. Based on the simulation results, optimize the design of the blunt nose and spikes to improve aerodynamic performance, minimize drag, or achieve other design objectives. The provided information suggests that blunting the front surface of an aerospace vehicle serves as a form of thermal protection. However, despite this blunting, the nose still experiences intense thermal action, necessitating even greater thermal protection than the peripheral parts of the vehicle. To address the issue of wave drag, which typically occurs due to the blunt nose shape, modifications to the flow field in front of the vehicle are necessary. One technique to achieve this modification is by employing a retractable nose spike. By deploying a retractable spike, the flow field can be altered, potentially reducing wave drag and improving aerodynamic performance

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 Keywords

Zero degree Spikes, Concave Blunt Nose, computational fluid dynamics, Angle of Attacks, turbulence, aerodynamics.

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Online marketing, often known as internet marketing, refers to the use of interactive, virtual environments to promote and sell products and services. In fact, new synchronous, internet-based communication technologies have helped to restructure important economic sectors, including marketing. Internet marketing has resulted in tremendous gains for various firms due to its cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and speed, as well as its unprecedented global reach. However, this successful, new strategy has unique downsides, such as a loss of personal interaction, security, and privacy, which must be considered. The current study, therefore, focuses on the effects of internet-facilitated interactive environments on marketing practice. The paper begins by defining online marketing and analyzing the historical context for its use; various types of internet marketing are then discussed. The marketing benefits derive from the introduction of this new, virtual space, which is the next focus of attention. The paper goes on to discuss obstacles, such as security and privacy concerns, that have evolved in the field of marketing as a result of the deployment of virtual space. We present our conclusions after considering potential answers to the difficulties that lie ahead.

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 Keywords

Online marketing, offline marketing, Internet, Challenges, Advantages

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This review study is divided into two sections, the first of which focuses on the existing topologies used in wireless sensor networks and the second on the design of the node. As we all know, wireless sensor network technology is application-oriented, hence the network's topology and architecture will always alter from application to application, making it dynamic in nature. The creation and deployment of nodes always differ from old technologies; while traditional technology was utilized originally, its excessive use altered the situation. These topologies are now employed with hybrid methodologies, which include additional features and advantages, as is the case with node architecture. Many WSN applications require networking alternatives to improve cost reduction, efficiency, and security, so in this review report, we will discuss all of the topologies used and hybridized changes that have been made in the past and can be made in the future to the architecture of the WSN node.

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Data Dissemination, Topology, Node Architecture, Hybrid Changes and Cost Reduction.

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Abstract: From 2003 to 2018, India underwent rapid economic growth, fueled by a series of neoliberal reforms. During this time, there were debates about the extent and distribution of these reforms, but they coincided with a decrease in absolute poverty according to official poverty metrics. This research study offers a critical analysis of the factors, structure, and execution of two significant poverty alleviation initiatives in India: the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA), which established a national public rural employment guarantee program, and the Public Distribution System (PDS), which provides subsidized food grains to the public. The paper follows this structure: First, we delve into the historical background of the two policies, then provide a concise overview of the political and economic circumstances that led to the inception of these initiatives in India, highlighting the immediate factors driving their formulation and execution. Utilizing secondary data, we proceed to assess the performance of both programs over time and across various regions within the country. We offer insights into the observed trends drawing from existing literature and interviews conducted with key stakeholders from the bureaucracy, political sphere, and civil society. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the necessity of a more locally sensitive approach to policy design and greater mobilization of intended beneficiaries for rights-based welfare programs to effectively address the social and economic insecurities of the poor. Finally, we synthesize our findings to identify crucial factors influencing poverty reduction policies, their outcomes, and the broader implications for similar interventions in other contexts.

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 Keywords

MNERGA, PDS, employment, poverty alleviation

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Loneliness and Death anxiety are very common among the elderly. It is an obvious truth that very few elders manage to cope with experience of death without bearing a Significant Psychological burden. Present study is an attempt to identify and compare the levels of loneliness and fear of death among destitute and abandoned elderly living in old age homes to those living with their families. Study sample comprised of 60 participants of which 30 are elderly at old age homes and 30 lived within community. Both the groups had equal number of male and female. Finding indicates that death anxiety is present regardless of the type of stay of elderly. However the elderly at old age home exhibited higher levels of death anxiety and loneliness.

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Loneliness, anxiety, fear, etc,.

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Breast milk is the best mode of providing nutrition to infants. Worldwide demand of formula is increasing when breastfeeding is not feasible or desirable. Infants fed formula have different growth patterns than those fed breast milk. Formula-fed babies gain more weight in the first year of life relative to their length, which raises their BMI. During their first year of life, infants fed formula grow more lean mass than breastfed infants due to the higher protein:energy ratio of formula. Lack of exposure to bioactive components in breastfeeding that could prevent adipogenesis, or changes in the location of fat deposition or lean mass gain during infancy may be the cause of obesity in later life. Formula feeding has been associated with a less stable microbiome over time, a notably altered bacterial content, and greater diversity and richness of bacteria in comparison to breastfeeding. Breastfed infants had higher levels of Bifidobacteria--an key component of a healthy microbiota than formula-fed infants. The serum concentrations of total IgG, IgG1, NK cell activity, and IFN-? showed a notable difference between breastfed and formula-fed infants, with the latter group showing significantly greater levels of these indicators. There is no clear correlation between formula feeding, the creation of gut microbiota, and its long-term health effects, more thorough and in-depth research in these areas is crucial.

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Formula, bioactive components, adipogenesis, microbiota

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For hot climate of India, air conditioners have become the need of the modern-day life in contrast to the earlier perception is a luxury product. Buyers search a lot of information on the available brands in the market during their purchase. During selection of any brand and purchase a lot of factors are influenced by the consumer in this activity. The main objective of this study was to identify most important factors consumers were looking for while purchasing A.C. With the help of literature review, eight factors were identified. The research was conducted in Surat City with Sample size of 150 respondents. Non Probability convenience sampling was used and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data.

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Air-Condition, hot & humid

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'?'isha bint Abi Bakr is regarded as one of the most fascinating characters from Islamic history. She was not only one of Messenger Muhammad's ? wives, but she also contributed to Islamic knowledge and her role in the establishment of the very first Islamic state are immeasurable. The historical contribution of '?'isha (R.A.) in disseminating the knowledge and practices of the Messenger ? to the Muslim world is significant. She is possibly one of the greatest significant conduits or connections connecting the Muslims and the Messenger of Allah ?. Her significance to Islamic history cannot be overstated, especially in light of how Islam handled the problem of women in society. Through '?'isha (R.A.), the Prophet ? demonstrated to women how Islam uplifted them and made them equal partners to the message of Allah. '?'isha (R.A.) was considered as the deputy or representative of women before the Messenger of Allah ? during her time with him. Stated differently, she played a direct role in the Prophet ?'s actualization of the Qur'anic message. Owing to her exceptional brilliance and boldness, '?'isha (R.A.) is considered the ideal Islamic woman scholar. Her critical, inquisitive, and curious intellect was her greatest quality. '?'isha (R.A.) established a link between the life of the modern Muslim and the period of the Prophet ? by the inquiries she had been able to pose. It is necessary to carefully evaluate and underline the significant role she had in the scholastic endeavors of Muslim men and women in studying and imparting knowledge. Her excellent knowledge of Islamic subjects include, but is not restricted to, the Had?th, Exegesis, Law, literature, as well as poetry. The purpose of the article is to elucidate '?'isha's (R.A.) crucial role in the establishment of Islamic doctrines and to demonstrate how exceptional her life was. The article asserts that by highlighting the fact that '?'isha (R.A.) was a companion and active participant in the intellectual endeavors and purpose of the Prophet ?, she represents the kind of perfection that modern Muslim scholars might strive for and achieve.

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 Keywords

?'isha's (R.A), Prophet's ?, Fiqh, Woman, Knowledge ('ilm)

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