Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

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Chatishgadhi Bhakti Lokgeet Me Shant Ras Ki Pradhanta

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Chatishgadhi Bhakti Lokgeet Me Shant Ras Ki Pradhanta

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Saamidheni Mantra Swaroopa Vivaranam

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Saamidheni Mantra Swaroopa Vivaranam

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Soil ecosystem is a complex network of organisms and processes that interact to sustain life. It plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, water filtration, and supporting plant growth, making it essential for terrestrial ecosystems and agriculture. The main components of the Soil Ecosystem are soil organisms which includes microorganisms (Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes are vital for decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil health), invertebrates (Earthworms, beetles, and ants help aerate the soil, break down organic matter, and facilitate nutrient availability) and plants (Roots of which anchor soil and contribute organic matter through decaying leaves and other plant materials), Soil Structure, Nutrient Cycling, water, air and organic matter. Soil Ecosystem maintain plant Growth by providing essential nutrients and water to support plant life, carbon Sequestration in the soils by storing carbon, helping mitigate climate change by reducing release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and habitat supports for a diverse range of organisms. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technology that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil and water. This method leverages the natural abilities of certain plants to absorb and detoxify pollutants, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional remediation techniques. This method can remove organic and inorganic contaminants in an effective manner. A variety of plant species are identified for phytoremediation.Various phytoremediation approaches like phytostabilization, phytoimmobilization and phytoextraction can be applied. However, the choice depends on various factors like contaminant mobility, climate conditions and soil physiochemical properties. In this paper some approaches and concerns related to phytoremediation are discussed.

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Phytoremediation, ecosystem, contaminants.

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India is an agrarian economy, as agriculture plays a vital role in the overall development of the country. It is regarded as the back bone of Indian Economy. Being the primary sector, it contributes 15% to GDP (during 2016-17) and engages 49% of the work force ((ICAI), 2016). Agriculture plays a great role in developing industries - which are termed as agro based industries, such as textiles, sugar, biscuits, tea, paper, tobacco etc. The prosperity of these agro based industries directly depends on the availability of inputs and prosperity of the agriculture sector. Apart from this, Agriculture sector contributes greater share to export trade. During 2015-16, agricultural exports constituted 10% of the national exports and India is known for its agricultural exports from time immemorial. Horticulture can be defined as science of growing and management of fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, tubers, ornamental, medicinal & aromatic crops and floriculture that includes not only their production but also processing, value addition and their marketing. Horticultural crops have been referred to as "garden crops". Horticulture covers all forms of garden management, in particular, it refers to the intensive commercial production of garden crops and falls between domestic gardening and field agriculture. Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture and deals with intensively growing produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. It involves plant propagation and cultivation with the aim of improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional value and resistance to insects, diseases and environmental stresses. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, maintenance and arboriculture (the cultivation of trees and shrubs especially for ornamental purposes). The diverse agro-climatic condition in the country makes it possible to grow almost all varieties of fruits and vegetables. India produces nearly 11% of all the world's vegetables and 15% of all fruits, yet its share in global exports of vegetables is only 1.7% and in fruits a meager 0.5%. In comparison to India, China is currently the world's largest fruit and vegetable producer with a production share of 34%. The globalization and commercialization of agricultural trade have also enabled farmers to go for horticultural crops. The horticultural crops are more nutritive and rich in vitamins and minerals as compared to other food crops. This also indicates that there is a vast scope for internal consumption besides having market for these products. The achievement in the horticulture sector is laudable as the sector now consists of more than 30.50 per cent of the GDP of the agriculture sector (India, 2013-14). This paper analyses the potentiality of horticulture in Karnataka and its influence on farmers lives.

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Horticulture, Employability, Supplements, Farmer, Economical, Viability.

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AravindAdiga is a unique voice in contemporary Indian writing, bringing with a new generation of writers who daringly explore the rapidly changing social scene. His books "The White Tiger" and "Last Man in the Tower" are notable literary masterpieces that encapsulate the spirit of a rapidly changing civilization. As the customary social order is lost, materialism's ascent, technology development, urbanization, globalization, Adigaskillfully illustrates how ideals spark a wave of change in his stories and people.

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New generation, Modernism, Literary style, New Trends

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This review article examines how our interpersonal abilities develop and the interactions we have with the individuals we meet. Close relationships with others are likely to reduce stress and provide feelings of certainty, security, and belonging in addition to lowering the risk of depression and anxiety. Additionally, they may have a higher probability of succeeding both personally and professionally. This research also focuses on the main characters from PreetiShenoy's novels, such as Ankita, Veda, Diksha, and Vipasha, who face difficult circumstances in their personal lives yet overcome significant challenges with help before achieving their objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the many sorts of challenging circumstances these characters are facing in order to comprehend their issues and motivations.

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Interpersonal Relationships, Trauma, Counselling, Mental Health. Feminism, gender discrimination, equal rights and positions Introduction

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Success of education, to a large extent, depends upon evaluation system which determines the learners' achievement in terms of their knowledge, skills and attitudes developed through teaching-learning system. Evaluation needs to focus adequately on both scholastic and non-scholastic areas of development. The present investigation attempted to study the nature and methods of continuous and comprehensive evaluation adopted in secondary schools; to find out the suitability of it from the perception of students; to make a comparative analysis of CCE adopted in private and government provincialised secondary schools; and to find out the problems in the maintenance of CCE in schools. The descriptive survey method was used and collected data from a sample of 88 working teachers and 124 students (40%) studying in four secondary schools. The study found that almost all the schools adopt a school based evaluation system in written and oral types, but activity based performance was not given due place; class tests, unit tests and half yearly examination were conducted; schools under study followed participation in games & sports, cultural activities, literary activities and students' discipline, but other non-scholastic aspects related to work education, physical education and social development were neglected. Compared to private schools, government provincialised secondary schools were found to have more problems.

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Key Words: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. Evaluation, Continuous Evaluation, Secondary School, Comprehensive Evaluation

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This research paper provides a comparative analysis of the confessional poetry of Kamala Das and Sylvia Plath, focusing on their exploration of female identity, sexuality, and mental health. Through a qualitative approach, the study examines how both poets use their personal experiences to challenge societal norms and assert their autonomy. While Das and Plath share similarities in their candid portrayal of female experience, their distinct cultural backgrounds lead to different thematic emphases. Das's poetry often celebrates female desire and critiques the constraints of traditional Indian society, while Plath's work deals with the darker psychological struggles associated with gender roles in mid-20th century America. The study highlights the universal aspects of the female experience, such as the quest for identity and the impact of societal pressures on mental health, while also underscoring the significance of cultural context in shaping these experiences. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how confessional poetry reflects and critiques the complexities of womanhood. Suggestions for further research include exploring the influence of cultural background on poetic expression and expanding comparative studies to include other female poets from diverse cultural contexts.

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Confessional Poetry, Female Identity, Kamala Das, Sylvia Plath, Sexuality in Literature, Mental Health in Poetry, Feminist Literary Analysis

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India finds itself at a crucial crossroads in its journey of development, grappling with a diverse array of obstacles spanning from environmental deterioration to socio-economic inequalities. This paper explores the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that India faces in its pursuit of sustainable development, including poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and climate change. The paper advocates for a holistic approach that integrates economic, environmental, and social goals to achieve sustainability. The integration of these elements is critical for fostering long-term sustainability and ensuring equitable development for all citizens. By addressing these challenges and seizing opportunities for change, India can navigate a path toward a sustainable and prosperous future.

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Sustainable Development, Challenges, Opportunities, Environmental Degradation, Socio-economic Disparities, Policy Reforms, Technological innovations

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The role of English Language Teaching (ELT) in India, particularly for engineering students, is crucial due to the globalized nature of the engineering profession and the increasing demand for effective communication in both technical and business environments. In India, English is not only a major medium of instruction in higher education, especially in technical disciplines like engineering, but also serves as a bridge language in a linguistically diverse country.In India, English represents the desire for quality education and active engagement in national and international affairs. English has been mandatory from early childhood education. English as a Second Language (ELT) in India is evolving and has altered the educational landscape. This article examines the evolution of English Language Teaching (ELT) in engineering education in India and compares it to other contexts where English is the native language. It also explores the various approaches and methodologies used to teach English to engineering students. This research will examine the history of English Language Teaching (ELT) in engineering education, the variables that impacted its progress, and the present situation of ELT in this environment. It will also examine the difficulties and possibilities encountered by instructors and students. This research will analyze ELT trends in engineering education in India, including problems and initiatives to improve English language abilities.

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English Language Teaching, Reading Skills, Engineering Student, effective communication.

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