Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The Toda people of the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu, India, maintain a unique cultural heritage, largely preserved through their rich oral traditions. Central to their way of life are their songs, which serve as a medium to express their spirituality, social practices, and ecological consciousness. These songs accompany rituals, such as funerals and buffalo sacrifices, emphasizing their cosmological beliefs and community cohesion. They celebrate the environment, transmit cultural knowledge, and foster a collective identity. This paper examines the role of Toda songs in defining and preserving their cultural and ecological landscape, providing insights into their ritualistic, social, and environmental significance. Drawing on the works of scholars like M.B. Emeneau and W.H.R. Rivers, the study highlights how these oral traditions act as living archives of Toda heritage and resilience amidst modernization.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Toda songs, Nilgiri Hills, cultural preservation, ecological consciousness, ritual songs, oral traditions, M.B. Emeneau, indigenous heritage.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

CNC is the acronym for Computer Numerical Control. It is an outgrowth of the older term "NC", which stands for just "Numerical Control". It refers to the idea of controlling machine tools programmatically via computer. With the older "NC" term, a computer need not be involved. The machine might be controlled using, for example, punched tape. NC, and later CNC, allowed for tremendous increases in productivity for machine tools because the machines could be run automatically without requiring constant attention from their operator. Before the advent of such automation, there was a lesser automation opportunity in the form of hydraulic tracer systems. Such systems used hydraulics to cause the cutting tools of a lathe or mill to follow a template. The taper attachments available for many manual lathes are not unlike the hydraulic tracer capability; it's just that the tracer is capable of more elaborate templates than simple tapers. But the advent of first NC and then later CNC radically increased the amount of automation that was possible.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Optimization, CNC.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist and Mathematician who is considered one of the fathers of quantum mechanics. He made significant contributions to the development of this field, particularly in the area of statistical mechanics. Bose's work on the Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which atoms behave collectively as a single entity, has had a profound impact on our understanding of the whole universe. Satyendra Nath Bose, a pioneer of quantum mechanics. Satyendra Nath Bose, an eminent Indian physicist, is renowned for his groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics, particularly his collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing the foundation for Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose-Einstein condensate. His contributions have had a profound impact on our understanding of the quantum world.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Physicist, Mathematician, Significant, Contribution, statistical, Mechanics.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Chatishgadhi Bhakti Lokgeet Me Shant Ras Ki Pradhanta

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chatishgadhi Bhakti Lokgeet Me Shant Ras Ki Pradhanta

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Saamidheni Mantra Swaroopa Vivaranam

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Saamidheni Mantra Swaroopa Vivaranam

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Soil ecosystem is a complex network of organisms and processes that interact to sustain life. It plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, water filtration, and supporting plant growth, making it essential for terrestrial ecosystems and agriculture. The main components of the Soil Ecosystem are soil organisms which includes microorganisms (Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes are vital for decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil health), invertebrates (Earthworms, beetles, and ants help aerate the soil, break down organic matter, and facilitate nutrient availability) and plants (Roots of which anchor soil and contribute organic matter through decaying leaves and other plant materials), Soil Structure, Nutrient Cycling, water, air and organic matter. Soil Ecosystem maintain plant Growth by providing essential nutrients and water to support plant life, carbon Sequestration in the soils by storing carbon, helping mitigate climate change by reducing release of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and habitat supports for a diverse range of organisms. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technology that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil and water. This method leverages the natural abilities of certain plants to absorb and detoxify pollutants, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional remediation techniques. This method can remove organic and inorganic contaminants in an effective manner. A variety of plant species are identified for phytoremediation.Various phytoremediation approaches like phytostabilization, phytoimmobilization and phytoextraction can be applied. However, the choice depends on various factors like contaminant mobility, climate conditions and soil physiochemical properties. In this paper some approaches and concerns related to phytoremediation are discussed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytoremediation, ecosystem, contaminants.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is an agrarian economy, as agriculture plays a vital role in the overall development of the country. It is regarded as the back bone of Indian Economy. Being the primary sector, it contributes 15% to GDP (during 2016-17) and engages 49% of the work force ((ICAI), 2016). Agriculture plays a great role in developing industries - which are termed as agro based industries, such as textiles, sugar, biscuits, tea, paper, tobacco etc. The prosperity of these agro based industries directly depends on the availability of inputs and prosperity of the agriculture sector. Apart from this, Agriculture sector contributes greater share to export trade. During 2015-16, agricultural exports constituted 10% of the national exports and India is known for its agricultural exports from time immemorial. Horticulture can be defined as science of growing and management of fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, tubers, ornamental, medicinal & aromatic crops and floriculture that includes not only their production but also processing, value addition and their marketing. Horticultural crops have been referred to as "garden crops". Horticulture covers all forms of garden management, in particular, it refers to the intensive commercial production of garden crops and falls between domestic gardening and field agriculture. Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture and deals with intensively growing produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. It involves plant propagation and cultivation with the aim of improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional value and resistance to insects, diseases and environmental stresses. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, maintenance and arboriculture (the cultivation of trees and shrubs especially for ornamental purposes). The diverse agro-climatic condition in the country makes it possible to grow almost all varieties of fruits and vegetables. India produces nearly 11% of all the world's vegetables and 15% of all fruits, yet its share in global exports of vegetables is only 1.7% and in fruits a meager 0.5%. In comparison to India, China is currently the world's largest fruit and vegetable producer with a production share of 34%. The globalization and commercialization of agricultural trade have also enabled farmers to go for horticultural crops. The horticultural crops are more nutritive and rich in vitamins and minerals as compared to other food crops. This also indicates that there is a vast scope for internal consumption besides having market for these products. The achievement in the horticulture sector is laudable as the sector now consists of more than 30.50 per cent of the GDP of the agriculture sector (India, 2013-14). This paper analyses the potentiality of horticulture in Karnataka and its influence on farmers lives.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Horticulture, Employability, Supplements, Farmer, Economical, Viability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

AravindAdiga is a unique voice in contemporary Indian writing, bringing with a new generation of writers who daringly explore the rapidly changing social scene. His books "The White Tiger" and "Last Man in the Tower" are notable literary masterpieces that encapsulate the spirit of a rapidly changing civilization. As the customary social order is lost, materialism's ascent, technology development, urbanization, globalization, Adigaskillfully illustrates how ideals spark a wave of change in his stories and people.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

New generation, Modernism, Literary style, New Trends

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review article examines how our interpersonal abilities develop and the interactions we have with the individuals we meet. Close relationships with others are likely to reduce stress and provide feelings of certainty, security, and belonging in addition to lowering the risk of depression and anxiety. Additionally, they may have a higher probability of succeeding both personally and professionally. This research also focuses on the main characters from PreetiShenoy's novels, such as Ankita, Veda, Diksha, and Vipasha, who face difficult circumstances in their personal lives yet overcome significant challenges with help before achieving their objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the many sorts of challenging circumstances these characters are facing in order to comprehend their issues and motivations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interpersonal Relationships, Trauma, Counselling, Mental Health. Feminism, gender discrimination, equal rights and positions Introduction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Success of education, to a large extent, depends upon evaluation system which determines the learners' achievement in terms of their knowledge, skills and attitudes developed through teaching-learning system. Evaluation needs to focus adequately on both scholastic and non-scholastic areas of development. The present investigation attempted to study the nature and methods of continuous and comprehensive evaluation adopted in secondary schools; to find out the suitability of it from the perception of students; to make a comparative analysis of CCE adopted in private and government provincialised secondary schools; and to find out the problems in the maintenance of CCE in schools. The descriptive survey method was used and collected data from a sample of 88 working teachers and 124 students (40%) studying in four secondary schools. The study found that almost all the schools adopt a school based evaluation system in written and oral types, but activity based performance was not given due place; class tests, unit tests and half yearly examination were conducted; schools under study followed participation in games & sports, cultural activities, literary activities and students' discipline, but other non-scholastic aspects related to work education, physical education and social development were neglected. Compared to private schools, government provincialised secondary schools were found to have more problems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. Evaluation, Continuous Evaluation, Secondary School, Comprehensive Evaluation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition