Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Vigat dashako mein murti kala ke badalte aayam

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Vigat dashako mein murti kala ke badalte aayam

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The playing ability of volleyball athletes is a multifaceted outcome influenced by a variety of physiological, psychological, and biomechanical factors. Among these, motor fitness variables play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of athletes. This research investigates the relationship between key motor fitness components--such as agility, speed, muscular strength, explosive power, endurance, and flexibility--and their predictive value on the playing ability of women volleyball players. A sample of collegiate-level women volleyball players was assessed through standardized motor fitness tests, and their performance was evaluated by qualified coaches using an objective rating scale. Statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis, were employed to examine the extent to which these fitness components could predict volleyball performance. The results indicate that certain motor fitness variables, particularly agility, explosive power, and muscular strength, show significant correlations with playing ability. The findings of this study have implications for talent identification, training program development, and performance enhancement strategies in women's volleyball. This article concludes with recommendations for coaches and sports scientists on incorporating specific motor fitness assessments into routine training for optimizing player performance.

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Motor fitness, Agility, Explosive power, Muscular strength, Playing ability, Women athletes, Volleyball performance, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility

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Inclusive education focuses on providing equal learning opportunities to all students, including those with disabilities or from diverse backgrounds. Its goal is to ensure that every learner feels valued, supported, and able to participate fully in a regular classroom. It emphasizes respect for diversity, social inclusion, and the development of each student's potential. Teachers are at the heart of inclusive education. They are responsible for creating a welcoming environment, adjusting teaching strategies to meet varied needs, and working closely with families, special educators, and the broader community. Through their efforts, teachers help foster a classroom culture based on empathy, cooperation, and mutual respect. For inclusion to be effective, certain measures must be in place. These include curriculum adjustments, use of assistive tools, and the creation of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). Regular training and professional development are also crucial to help teachers support all learners effectively. Involvement from families and community networks adds further strength to this approach. However, challenges such as a lack of resources, large class sizes, and limited teacher training can hinder progress. Addressing these issues with better support and awareness is essential. Inclusive education is a powerful step toward equality and meaningful learning for every student.

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Concept, Aims & objectives, Roles of Teacher, Challenges & measures for adopting Inclusive Education.

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This article would like to show a blueprint of Sufistic culture by exploring their theory, beliefs and religious practices which spread out all the corners of Indian land in about 7th century A.D. onwards. The research employs Sufism is a popular sect which has developed as a separate mystico-philosophical or spiritual tradition of Isl?m, but not a separate religion like Isl?m. The study further recommends that Sufism is a process of the purity of heart and also is a process that amplifies unconditional love towards all classes of men. Many Sufi saints came into India by using both sea and silk routes from other countries (especially from Arabian and Persian) of the globe to preach the religious practices like Isl?m. In the course of doing this, the Sufi saints had to make some rules or directions i.e. Silsilahs or Orders for maintaining a good relation all over the masses. The study highlights each Silsilah or Order has several Khanqahs which mainly provide social service to all without any discrimination of caste, creed and religion. Thus the findings indicate that the Sufis have been building up a strong brotherhood and communal harmony among Indian people throughout the centuries.

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Brotherhood, Isl?m, Khanqah, Religious practices, Sufism, Spiritual, Silsilah.

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A great creator of any era identifies the crises and conflicts of his time and tries to find a parallel path where the opposing sides can abandon their extremes and move together.Goswami Tulsidas is one such co-operative author and that is why he is also a great author.Acharya Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, while praising his coordination practice, has also written that - 'The reason for the unprecedented success that Tulsidas achieved was that he was born with a great intelligence of coordination.Only he can be the people's leader of India who comes forward with immense patience to coordinate.

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Harmony, brotherhood, people's leader, coordination, philosopher.

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India's irrigation system has long been a cornerstone of the country's agrarian economy, integral to ensuring food security, supporting livelihoods, and driving rural economic development. The importance of irrigation is especially evident in a country like India, where agriculture is still the largest sector of the economy, contributing significantly to GDP and providing employment to over half of the workforce. Despite the heavy reliance on the monsoon season, irrigation has emerged as a critical countermeasure against the unpredictability of rainfall, making it essential for stable agricultural production. This research explores the evolution and significance of India's irrigation infrastructure, its challenges, and its contributions to the Indian economy. Specifically, it delves into how irrigation influences agricultural productivity, rural employment, and overall economic growth, particularly in the context of a rapidly growing population and escalating water scarcity issues. The study also examines the state of current irrigation infrastructure, identifying gaps and future prospects for development. By reviewing relevant literature, case studies, and existing policies, the paper outlines both the positive and negative outcomes of irrigation systems, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in India's agricultural and water resource management sectors.

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Irrigation, Indian Economy, Agricultural Productivity, Water Management, Rural Employment, Economic Growth, Infrastructure Development, Policy Impact, Agricultural Sustainability, Water Scarcity

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There is a demand for resilient building designing due to the increase in natural disasters. Traditional building approaches are inadequate for these natural disasters. The purpose of resiliency building designing is to not only prevent structural loss during extreme events but also to ensure rapid recovery of functionality and reduce economic disruption and preserve human lives. The paper presents comprehensive investigation on the principle, scheme, and invention that underpin resilient structure. Disaster-specific designing schemes include earthquakes, floods, fire resistant isolation systems, flood-elevated structures, aerodynamic building form. Smart self-healing material, Building Information Modeling (BIM)-integrated disaster simulation, and real time structural wellness monitoring are some of the technologies explored in the paper. Green substructure, renewable free energy system, and low carbon building material are seen as a key nerve pathway to a future-proof city. The benefit and lesson learned from real-world application of resilient designing are shown in this research. Higher upfront cost, insurance policy gap, and public awareness deficit are some of the critical challenges. Performance-based codes, technological invention, and community of interests-driven preparation reinforcement resiliency as an embedded rule of building designing. Future direction suggests a growing function for artificial intelligence service, adaptive material and urban resiliency model in shaping disaster resiliency.

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Resilient building design, Natural disaster resilience, Earthquake-resistant structures, Flood-proof construction, Hurricane resilience, Wildfire-resistant materials, Smart construction materials, Structural health monitoring, Sustainable resilient buildings, Adaptive architecture, green infrastructure, Disaster risk reduction

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This paper critically examines the impact of segment reporting on investor decision-making in Indian listed companies. With the adoption of Ind AS 108, firms are mandated to disclose financial information based on operating segments, aligning with international standards. The study reviews the evolution of segment reporting practices in India, the regulatory framework governing disclosures, and the quality and consistency of reported segment data. It highlights how well-structured segment information enhances transparency, reduces information asymmetry, and supports informed investment choices. Using evidence from Indian corporate disclosures during the 2010-2016 period, the paper identifies significant disparities in segment reporting practices, with only 62% of Nifty 100 companies complying fully with prescribed segment details. Furthermore, only 22% of retail investors were found to consider segment data in their decision-making process. The paper also discusses the methodological approach employed in synthesizing past literature and regulatory reports to evaluate the effectiveness of segment disclosures. It concludes by offering actionable recommendations for improving the quality of segment reporting, such as enhanced standardization, better narrative disclosures, and investor education. This review contributes to the broader discourse on financial reporting reforms in emerging markets and underlines the importance of robust segmental transparency for improving investor confidence and corporate governance.

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Segment Reporting, Investor Decision-Making, Ind AS 108, Financial Disclosure, Indian Listed Companies, Transparency, Corporate Governance, Capital Markets, Regulatory Framework, Reporting Quality.

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Pachees Saal Ki Ladki Ki Duvidhagrast Ladkiyaan

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Pachees Saal Ki Ladki Ki Duvidhagrast Ladkiyaan

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This research article provides an in-depth examination of the electoral behavior exhibited by urban and rural populations in Karnataka, a culturally and politically diverse state in southern India. Electoral behavior, broadly defined, refers to the attitudes, motivations, preferences, and actions of voters during the electoral process. In the Indian democratic context, understanding regional and socio-economic variations in voting behavior is essential to grasp the functioning and evolution of electoral democracy. Karnataka presents a unique case, encompassing rapidly urbanizing cities like Bengaluru alongside traditionally agrarian and caste-influenced rural areas such as Mandya. The study aims to analyze how political behavior varies across these contrasting regions, focusing on factors such as voter turnout, political awareness, identity politics, campaign strategies, access to media, socio-economic status, and the influence of caste and community networks. The research adopts a comparative approach using a combination of primary interviews, field observations, and secondary data from recent elections--including the Karnataka Assembly Elections of 2018 and 2023. Urban areas, characterized by higher literacy, technological connectivity, and exposure to national and global issues, show a tendency toward issue-based and development-oriented voting. Conversely, rural regions often demonstrate a strong influence of traditional social structures, including caste and kinship, with a higher emphasis on local leadership and regional parties. However, both segments exhibit distinct forms of political engagement that reflect deeper socio-political undercurrents and regional identities. The findings underscore the importance of context-specific electoral strategies and the need for inclusive political dialogue. The paper concludes by suggesting reforms and initiatives aimed at enhancing voter education, reducing political polarization, and bridging the urban-rural divide in political participation. This study, therefore, contributes to the broader discourse on democratic deepening and electoral inclusivity in India.

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Electoral behaviour, Karnataka politics, Urban vs. rural voting, Caste and politics , Political awareness, Voter turnout, Identity politics, Campaign strategies, Development agenda, Participatory democracy.

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